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  • 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters

    Given a string, find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.

    Example 1:

    Input: "abcabcbb"
    Output: 3 
    Explanation: The answer is "abc", with the length of 3. 
    

    Example 2:

    Input: "bbbbb"
    Output: 1
    Explanation: The answer is "b", with the length of 1.
    

    Example 3:

    Input: "pwwkew"
    Output: 3
    Explanation: The answer is "wke", with the length of 3. 
                 Note that the answer must be a substring, "pwke" is a subsequence and not a substring.


    第一种方法使用哈希表(map实现),key是字符值,value是字符在字符串中的索引,对字符串s进行扫描,如果当前位置的字符没有在前面的扫描过程中出现过,则把该字符放入集合中,如果当前位置的字符曾经在前面扫描过程中出现过

    (如果出现多次我们只保存最近出现的那个),则把上一个出现的字符删除,再把当前字符放入集合中,判断字符是否出现过使用哈希表。扫描过程中出现的最大集合的元素个数为答案。

     1 class Solution {
     2     public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
     3         if (s.length() == 0) return 0;
     4         char []s1 = s.toCharArray();
     5         int ans = 1;
     6         Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
     7         int num = 0;
     8         for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
     9             String tc = String.valueOf(s1[i]);
    10             if (map.containsKey(tc)) {
    11                 int temp = i - map.get(tc);
    12                 if (temp <= num) {
    13                     num = temp;
    14                 } else {
    15                     num++;
    16                 }
    17                 
    18             } else {
    19                 num++;
    20             }
    21             map.put(tc, i); 
    22                 
    23             
    24             if (num > ans) {
    25                 ans = num;
    26             }
    27         }
    28         return ans;
    29     }
    30 }

    第二种办法是用set来判断字符是否出现重复,其他与第一种相同

     1 class Solution {
     2     public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
     3         Set<Character> set = new HashSet<>();
     4         int i = 0, j = 0;
     5         int n= s.length();
     6         int ans = 0;
     7         while (i < n && j < n) {
     8             if (set.contains(s.charAt(j))) {
     9                 
    10                 set.remove(s.charAt(i++));
    11             } else {
    12                 set.add(s.charAt(j++));
    13                 ans = Math.max(ans, j - i);
    14             }
    15         }
    16         
    17         
    18         return ans;
    19     }
    20 }
    View Code

    第三种方法,设f[i] = j为开始索引为i的最大无重复字符子串的结束索引为j,我们的目标是求出f[i] (i €[0, n - 1], n为字符串的长), 对字符串进行扫描,若当前位置字符没有在前面的扫描过程出现过

    i的值不变,j的值往后走一位,如果当前位置字符曾经在前面的扫描过程出现过(如果出现多次我们只保存最近出现的那个),设最近出现的那个索引为k, 更新i = max(i + 1, k + 1),扫描过程中出现的最大集合为所求。

     1 class Solution {
     2     public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
     3         Map<Character, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
     4         int ans = 0;
     5         int n = s.length();
     6         for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
     7             if (map.containsKey(s.charAt(j))) {
     8                 i = Math.max(i, map.get(s.charAt(j)) + 1);
     9                 
    10             } 
    11             ans = Math.max(j - i + 1, ans);
    12             map.put(s.charAt(j), j);
    13         }
    14         
    15         
    16         return ans;
    17     }
    18 }
    View Code

     第四种方法用一维数组实现哈希表,长度为128,因为ascii码的长度为7bit, 2 ^ 7 = 128

     1 class Solution {
     2     public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
     3         int []map = new int[128];
     4         int ans = 0;
     5         int n = s.length();
     6         for (int i = 1, j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
     7             
     8             i = Math.max(i, map[s.charAt(j)] + 1);
     9                 
    10         
    11             ans = Math.max(j + 1 - i + 1, ans);
    12             map[s.charAt(j)] = j + 1;
    13         }
    14         
    15         
    16         return ans;
    17     }
    18 }
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hyxsolitude/p/12205797.html
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