- 3. Oracle_Loader External Tables
- 3.1 In the scripts directory, you will find prod_master.dat and prod_master.ctl. Using the information found in these files, create an external table names PROD_MASTER in the SH schema of the PROD database.
在脚本目录里，你会找到prod_master.dat脚本和prod_master.ctl脚本，使用在这些文件里找到的信息，创建一个外部表，名字叫PROD_MASTER，在PROD数据库的SH方案里
- 1.首先找到这两个脚本，查看一下内容；
[oracle@ocm1 ~]$ cd /home/oracle/script/
[oracle@ocm1 script]$ ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 64 Mar 19 14:22 create_bishhr.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 154 Mar 27 11:01 prod_master.ctl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56 Mar 27 11:01 prod_master.dat
[oracle@ocm1 script]$ cat prod_master.ctl
load data
infile '/home/oracle/script/prod_master.dat'
into table sh.exm1 fields terminated by whitespace --插入表sh.exm1，以空白符为间隔
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(emp_no,dept_no,name,num)
[oracle@ocm1 script]$ cat prod_master.dat
1 1 tom 1
2 2 rose 2
3 1 jone 2
4 3 jack 3
5 2 jacky 4
[oracle@ocm1 script]$
参考联机文档：
Utilities ==> 13 The ORACLE_LOADER Access Driver
- 2.使用sqlldr工具生成创建外部表的语句。
[oracle@ocm1 script]$ sqlldr
SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Mar 27 11:23:24 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]
Valid Keywords:
userid -- ORACLE username/password
control -- control file name
log -- log file name
bad -- bad file name
data -- data file name
discard -- discard file name
discardmax -- number of discards to allow (Default all)
skip -- number of logical records to skip (Default 0)
load -- number of logical records to load (Default all)
errors -- number of errors to allow (Default 50)
rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
(Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes (Default 256000)
silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
direct -- use direct path (Default FALSE)
parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
parallel -- do parallel load (Default FALSE)
file -- file to allocate extents from
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (Default FALSE)
readsize -- size of read buffer (Default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array (Default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (Default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path
resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session (Default FALSE)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE (Default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache (Default 1000)
PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords. An example of the former case is 'sqlldr
scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger'. One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords. For example,
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed, but
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the
position of the parameter 'log' is correct.
[oracle@ocm1 script]$
sqlldr userid=sh/sh control=prod_master.ctl external_table=GENERATE_ONLY
- 3.执行sqlldr，生成外部表，不过这里应该先创建sh.exm1表，否则会报错
先生成创建外部表的生成语句，创建的语句放在日志里面，之后再查日志，查看创建表的语句。
[oracle@ocm1 script]$ sqlldr userid=sh/sh control=prod_master.ctl external_table=GENERATE_ONLY
SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Mar 27 12:04:00 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL*Loader-941: Error during describe of table SH.EXM1
ORA-04043: object SH.EXM1 does not exist
[oracle@ocm1 script]$
a.所以首先要创建一个表名为sh.exm1
SH@PROD> create table sh.exm1 (emp_no int,dept_no int ,name varchar2(30),num int);
Table created.
b.再来导入一次：
[oracle@ocm1 script]$ sqlldr userid=sh/sh control=prod_master.ctl external_table=GENERATE_ONLY
SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Mar 27 12:04:44 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
[oracle@ocm1 script]$
c.查看日志：
[oracle@ocm1 script]$ cat prod_master.log
SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Mar 27 12:04:44 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Control File: prod_master.ctl
Data File: /home/oracle/script/prod_master.dat
Bad File: prod_master.bad
Discard File: none specified
(Allow all discards)
Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Continuation: none specified
Path used: External Table
Table SH.EXM1, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: INSERT
TRAILING NULLCOLS option in effect
Column Name Position Len Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
EMP_NO FIRST * WHT CHARACTER
DEPT_NO NEXT * WHT CHARACTER
NAME NEXT * WHT CHARACTER
NUM NEXT * WHT CHARACTER
CREATE DIRECTORY statements needed for files
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000 AS '/home/oracle/script'
CREATE DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000 AS '/home/oracle/script/'
CREATE TABLE statement for external table:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE "SYS_SQLLDR_X_EXT_EXM1"
(
"EMP_NO" NUMBER(38),
"DEPT_NO" NUMBER(38),
"NAME" VARCHAR2(30),
"NUM" NUMBER(38)
)
ORGANIZATION external
(
TYPE oracle_loader
DEFAULT DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000
ACCESS PARAMETERS
(
RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE CHARACTERSET US7ASCII
BADFILE 'SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000':'prod_master.bad'
LOGFILE 'prod_master.log_xt'
READSIZE 1048576
FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE LDRTRIM
MISSING FIELD VALUES ARE NULL
REJECT ROWS WITH ALL NULL FIELDS
(
"EMP_NO" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE,
"DEPT_NO" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE,
"NAME" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE,
"NUM" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE
)
)
location
(
'prod_master.dat'
)
)REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED
-------以上红色部分是创建外部表的语句
INSERT statements used to load internal tables:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INSERT /*+ append */ INTO SH.EXM1
(
EMP_NO,
DEPT_NO,
NAME,
NUM
)
SELECT
"EMP_NO",
"DEPT_NO",
"NAME",
"NUM"
FROM "SYS_SQLLDR_X_EXT_EXM1"
------以上是加载数据的语句
statements to cleanup objects created by previous statements:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DROP TABLE "SYS_SQLLDR_X_EXT_EXM1"
DROP DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000
DROP DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000
------以上是删除临时表的语句
Run began on Thu Mar 27 12:04:44 2014
Run ended on Thu Mar 27 12:04:45 2014
Elapsed time was: 00:00:00.91
CPU time was: 00:00:00.23
[oracle@ocm1 script]$
- 4.SH用户下创建目录，创建外部表
CREATE DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000 AS '/home/oracle/script/'
a.创建目录
SH@PROD> CREATE DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000 AS '/home/oracle/script/';
CREATE DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000 AS '/home/oracle/script/'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SH@PROD> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@PROD> CREATE DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000 AS '/home/oracle/script/'
2 ;
Directory created.
SYS@PROD> grant read,write on directory SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000 to sh;
Grant succeeded.
SYS@PROD>
或者直接是sys授权创建目录给sh用户，sh用户再创建
SYS@PROD>grant create any directory to sh;
SH@PRODCREATE DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000 AS '/home/oracle/script/'
b.创建外部表语句
CREATE TABLE "PROD_MASTER" ---修改成题目要求的名字
(
"EMP_NO" NUMBER(38),
"DEPT_NO" NUMBER(38),
"NAME" VARCHAR2(30),
"NUM" NUMBER(38)
)
ORGANIZATION external
(
TYPE oracle_loader
DEFAULT DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000
ACCESS PARAMETERS
(
RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE CHARACTERSET US7ASCII
BADFILE 'SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000':'prod_master.bad'
LOGFILE 'prod_master.log_xt'
READSIZE 1048576
FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE LDRTRIM
MISSING FIELD VALUES ARE NULL
REJECT ROWS WITH ALL NULL FIELDS
(
"EMP_NO" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE,
"DEPT_NO" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE,
"NAME" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE,
"NUM" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE
)
)
location
(
'prod_master.dat'
)
)REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED
c.使用SH用户在SQLPLUS命令下执行
SH@PROD> CREATE TABLE "PROD_MASTER"
2 (
3 "EMP_NO" NUMBER(38),
4 "DEPT_NO" NUMBER(38),
5 "NAME" VARCHAR2(30),
6 "NUM" NUMBER(38)
7 )
8 ORGANIZATION external
9 (
10 TYPE oracle_loader
11 DEFAULT DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000
12 ACCESS PARAMETERS
13 (
14 RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE CHARACTERSET US7ASCII
15 BADFILE 'SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000':'prod_master.bad'
16 LOGFILE 'prod_master.log_xt'
17 READSIZE 1048576
18 FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE LDRTRIM
19 MISSING FIELD VALUES ARE NULL
20 REJECT ROWS WITH ALL NULL FIELDS
21 (
22 "EMP_NO" CHAR(255)
23 TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE,
24 "DEPT_NO" CHAR(255)
25 TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE,
26 "NAME" CHAR(255)
27 TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE,
28 "NUM" CHAR(255)
29 TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE
)
30 31 )
32 location
33 (
34 'prod_master.dat'
35 )
36 )REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED
37 ;
Table created.
SH@PROD> desc PROD_MASTER
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMP_NO NUMBER(38)
DEPT_NO NUMBER(38)
NAME VARCHAR2(30)
NUM NUMBER(38)
SH@PROD> select * from PROD_MASTER;
EMP_NO DEPT_NO NAME NUM
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
1 1 tom 1
2 2 rose 2
3 1 jone 2
4 3 jack 3
5 2 jacky 4
5 rows selected.
SH@PROD>