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  • OCM_Session8_1_Preparing the Primary Database for Standby Database Creation

    要求部署物理standby并进行主备切换测试
    官方文档：Data Guard Concepts and Administration -> 3 Creating a physical Standby Database 和 7 Role Transitions 
    注意事项：
    （1）建议手工配置DG，手工配置和GC配置不可交叉
    （2）不使用real-time (实时)方式启动自动恢复，采用性能最大化模式.LGWR ASYNC
    （3）使用LGWR传输日志模式，也可以ARCH传输日志模式
    （4）备库启动多个MRP恢复进程，加快日志应用效率
    （5）进行两次主备切换

    我的环境
    OS:Oracle Linux 5.7U
    database:10.2.0.1

    主库：
    ip：192.168.1.155
    主库实例名：PROD
    hostname:ocm1.localdomain

    备库：
    ip:192.168.1.156
    备库实例名：PRODSTD
    hostname：ocm2.localdomain


    参考官方文档：
    Data Guard Concepts and Administration -> 3 Creating a physical Standby Database 和 7 Role Transitions 

    准备工作：

    设置sqlplus命令行提示符样式：

    ocm1

    [oracle@ocm1 ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql
    最后一行添加以下内容
    set sqlprompt "_user'@'_connect_identifier>"

    [oracle@ocm1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

    SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 25 08:44:19 2014

    Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


    Connected to:
    Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
    With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

    SYS@PROD>
    SYS@PROD>select instance_name,version,status,archiver,database_status from v$instance;

    INSTANCE_NAME    VERSION           STATUS       ARCHIVE DATABASE_STATUS
    ---------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -----------------
    PROD             10.2.0.1.0        OPEN         STARTED ACTIVE

    检查数据文件和表空间
    SYS@PROD>select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;

    FILE_NAME                                          TABLESPACE_NAME
    -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/system01.dbf    SYSTEM
    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/undotbs01.dbf   UNDOTBS1
    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/sysaux01.dbf    SYSAUX
    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/example01.dbf   EXAMPLE
    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/users01.dbf     USERS


    SYS@PROD>select * from v$tablespace;

           TS# NAME                           INC BIG FLA ENC
    ---------- ------------------------------ --- --- --- ---
             0 SYSTEM                         YES NO  YES
             1 UNDOTBS1                       YES NO  YES
             2 SYSAUX                         YES NO  YES
             3 TEMPTS1                        NO  NO  YES
             7 EXAMPLE                        YES YES YES
            10 USERS                          YES NO  YES

    6 rows selected.


    ocm2也一起设置：

    [oracle@ocm2 ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql
    set sqlprompt "_user'@'_connect_identifier>"

    这样方便识别那个用户登录了那台数据库。避免混淆。


    开始建立物理备库

    • 1.Preparing the Primary Database for Standby Database Creation

     


    1.1确认归档，打开forced logging

    SYS@PROD>archive log list
    Database log mode              Archive Mode
    Automatic archival             Enabled
    Archive destination            /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/arch
    Oldest online log sequence     7
    Next log sequence to archive   11
    Current log sequence           11
    SYS@PROD> alter database force logging;   

    Database altered.

    SYS@PROD>select NAME,LOG_MODE,FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;

    NAME      LOG_MODE     FOR
    --------- ------------ ---
    PROD      ARCHIVELOG   YES

    SYS@PROD>
    • 1.2创建密码文件
    之前已经创建orapwPROD了密码文件

    [oracle@ocm1 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/
    [oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ ll
    total 6740
    -rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall    1544 Mar 25 08:54 hc_PROD.dat
    -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   12920 May  3  2001 initdw.ora
    -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    8385 Sep 11  1998 init.ora
    -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     658 Mar 18 10:09 initPROD.ora
    -rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall      24 Mar 18 10:18 lkPROD
    -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    5120 Mar 18 09:54 orapwPROD
    -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     318 Mar 17 20:37 pfile.ora
    -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6832128 Mar 19 19:51 snapcf_PROD.f
    -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    3584 Mar 25 08:54 spfilePROD.ora

    如果没有需要重新创建，使用以下语句：
    [oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPROD password=oracle

    • 1.3配置Standby Redo Log
    a.standby logfile是备库组件，当成为备库时用来接收来自主库的redo日志内容;
    b.添加standby logfile大小需要与logfile 大小保持一致，数量最好n+1用于日志缓冲;

    ①查看主库的日志组和日志成员
    主库有5组日志，每组2个成员，文件大小为100M

    SYS@PROD>select * from v$log;

        GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES    MEMBERS ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM
    ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ---------
             1          1          9  104857600          2 YES INACTIVE                270814 25-MAR-14
             2          1         10  104857600          2 YES INACTIVE                291251 25-MAR-14
             3          1         11  104857600          2 NO  CURRENT                 311895 25-MAR-14
             4          1          7  104857600          2 YES INACTIVE                238268 19-MAR-14
             5          1          8  104857600          2 YES INACTIVE                244809 19-MAR-14

    SYS@PROD>select * from v$logfile;

        GROUP# STATUS  TYPE    MEMBER                                             IS_
    ---------- ------- ------- -------------------------------------------------- ---
             1 STALE   ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/redo01.log      NO
             2 STALE   ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/redo02.log      NO
             3         ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/redo03.log      NO
             1 STALE   ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/redo01_1.log    NO
             2 STALE   ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/redo02_1.log    NO
             3         ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/redo03_1.log    NO
             4         ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/redo04.log      NO
             4         ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/redo04_1.log    NO
             5 STALE   ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/redo05.log      NO
             5 STALE   ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/redo05_1.log    NO

    10 rows selected.

    ②即添加6组standby logfile

    SYS@PROD>alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/standby06.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/standby06_1.log') size 100m;

    Database altered.

    SYS@PROD>alter database add standby logfile group 7('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/standby07.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/standby07_1.log') size 100m;

    Database altered.

    SYS@PROD>alter database add standby logfile group 8 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/standby08.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/standby08_1.log') size 100m;

    Database altered.

    SYS@PROD>alter database add standby logfile group 9('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/standby09.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/standby09_1.log') size 100m;

    Database altered.

    SYS@PROD>alter database add standby logfile group 10 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/standby10.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/standby10_1.log') size 100m;

    Database altered.

    SYS@PROD>alter database add standby logfile group 11 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/standby11.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/standby11_1.log') size 100m;

    Database altered.

    SYS@PROD>select * from v$standby_log;

        GROUP# DBID                                        THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES       USED ARC STATUS     FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM LAST_CHANGE# LAST_TIME
    ---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------
             6 UNASSIGNED                                        0          0  104857600        512 YES UNASSIGNED             0                      0
             7 UNASSIGNED                                        0          0  104857600        512 YES UNASSIGNED             0                      0
             8 UNASSIGNED                                        0          0  104857600        512 YES UNASSIGNED             0                      0
             9 UNASSIGNED                                        0          0  104857600        512 YES UNASSIGNED             0                      0
            10 UNASSIGNED                                        0          0  104857600        512 YES UNASSIGNED             0                      0
            11 UNASSIGNED                                        0          0  104857600        512 YES UNASSIGNED             0                      0

    6 rows selected.

    SYS@PROD>

    • 1.4 Set Primary Database Initialization Parameters

    ①创建PROD的pfile，然后修改之

    SYS@PROD>show parameter spfile;

    NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0
                                                     /db_1/dbs/spfilePROD.ora
    SYS@PROD>create pfile from spfile;

    File created.

    SYS@PROD>!
    [oracle@ocm1 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs
    [oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ ll
    total 6740
    -rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall    1544 Mar 25 08:54 hc_PROD.dat
    -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   12920 May  3  2001 initdw.ora
    -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    8385 Sep 11  1998 init.ora
    -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    1163 Mar 25 09:34 initPROD.ora
    -rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall      24 Mar 18 10:18 lkPROD
    -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    5120 Mar 18 09:54 orapwPROD
    -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     318 Mar 17 20:37 pfile.ora
    -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6832128 Mar 19 19:51 snapcf_PROD.f
    -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    3584 Mar 25 08:54 spfilePROD.ora
    [oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ cat initPROD.ora
    PROD.__db_cache_size=348127232
    PROD.__java_pool_size=4194304
    PROD.__large_pool_size=4194304
    PROD.__shared_pool_size=163577856
    PROD.__streams_pool_size=0
    *.BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/bdump'
    *.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk3/control03.ctl'
    *.CORE_DUMP_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/cdump'
    *.DB_BLOCK_SIZE=8192
    *.DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1'
    *.DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_1='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1'
    *.DB_NAME='PROD'
    *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP)(DISPATCHERS=3)'--------删除
    *.job_queue_processes=15
    *.local_listener='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ocm1.localdomain)(PORT=1526))'-----------删除，确保PRODSTD动态注册到1521端口上
    *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/arch'-------删除
    *.max_dispatchers=10
    *.max_shared_servers=30
    *.processes=135
    *.sessions=300
    *.SGA_TARGET=500M
    *.shared_server_sessions=200
    *.shared_servers=10
    *.UNDO_MANAGEMENT='auto'
    *.undo_retention=5400
    *.UNDO_TABLESPACE='undotbs1'
    *.USER_DUMP_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/udump'
    *.utl_file_dir='/home/oracle','/home/oracle/temp','/home/oracle/scripts'
    [oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ 

    ②修改参数，添加以下内容

    ##parameter for Primary Database
    DB_NAME=PROD 
    DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD
    LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(PROD,PRODSTD)'
    CONTROL_FILES='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk3/control03.ctl' 
    LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/arch  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD'
    LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=PRODSTD LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PRODSTD'
    LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
    LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
    REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
    LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
    LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30
    ##parameter for Standby Database    
    FAL_SERVER=PRODSTD
    FAL_CLIENT=PROD
    DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='PRODSTD','PROD'
    LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='PRODSTD','PROD'
    STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO


    [oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ vi initPROD.ora 
    修改后的pfile：
    [oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ cat initPROD.ora 
    PROD.__db_cache_size=348127232
    PROD.__java_pool_size=4194304
    PROD.__large_pool_size=4194304
    PROD.__shared_pool_size=163577856
    PROD.__streams_pool_size=0
    *.BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/bdump'
    *.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk3/control03.ctl'
    *.CORE_DUMP_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/cdump'
    *.DB_BLOCK_SIZE=8192
    *.DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1'
    *.DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_1='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1'
    *.DB_NAME='PROD'
    *.job_queue_processes=15
    *.max_dispatchers=10
    *.max_shared_servers=30
    *.processes=135
    *.sessions=300
    *.SGA_TARGET=500M
    *.shared_server_sessions=200
    *.shared_servers=10
    *.UNDO_MANAGEMENT='auto'
    *.undo_retention=5400
    *.UNDO_TABLESPACE='undotbs1'
    *.USER_DUMP_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/udump'
    *.utl_file_dir='/home/oracle','/home/oracle/temp','/home/oracle/scripts'

    ##parameter for Primary Database
    DB_NAME=PROD 
    DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD
    LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(PROD,PRODSTD)'
    CONTROL_FILES='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk3/control03.ctl' 
    LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/Disk2/arch  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD'
    LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=PRODSTD LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PRODSTD'
    LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
    LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
    REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
    LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
    LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30
    ##parameter for Standby Database    
    FAL_SERVER=PRODSTD
    FAL_CLIENT=PROD
    DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='PRODSTD','PROD'
    LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='PRODSTD','PROD'
    STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
    [oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ 

    ③通过pfile重建spfile

    [oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ exit
    exit


    SYS@PROD>
    SYS@PROD>shutdown immediate
    Database closed.
    Database dismounted.
    ORACLE instance shut down.

    SYS@PROD>create spfile from pfile;

    File created.

    SYS@PROD>
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/hzcya1995/p/13315871.html
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