91. View the Exhibit to examine the error that occurred during the database startup.
You opened an RMAN session for the database. To repair the failure, you executed the following
command as the first RMAN command:
RMAN>REPAIR FAILURE;
Which statement describes the consequence of this command?
A.The command performs the recovery and closes the failure.
B.The command only displays the advice and the RMAN script required for recovery.
C.The command executes the RMAN script to repair the failure and remove the entry from the Automatic
Diagnostic Repository (ADR).
D.The command produces an error because the ADVISE FAILURE command was not executed before
the REPAIR FAILURE command.
答案解析：
1、首先来看下各个文件的位置。
sys@TEST0910> select FILE_ID,FILE_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_data_files;
FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf USERS
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/system01.dbf SYSTEM
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/example01.dbf EXAMPLE
2、先用rman备份users表空间，用作恢复。
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
Starting backup at 13-SEP-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=67 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-SEP-13
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/backupset/2013_09_13/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130913T111426_936byprm_.bkp tag=TAG20130913T111426 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 13-SEP-13
3、操作系统删除users.dbf文件
[oracle@rtest ~]$ rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf
[oracle@rtest ~]$ ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf
ls: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf: No such file or directory
4、shutdown abort模拟数据库宕机并startup，发现错误与题目一样
sys@TEST0910> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
sys@TEST0910> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2505338880 bytes
Fixed Size 2230952 bytes
Variable Size 553649496 bytes
Database Buffers 1929379840 bytes
Redo Buffers 20078592 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf'
5、进入rman，修复失败。
RMAN> repair failure ;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of repair command at 09/13/2013 11:20:04
RMAN-06954: REPAIR command must be preceded by ADVISE command in same session
在试图没有进行advise failure命令时使用repair failure，则报错。
主要原因为：在repair failure之前，要先运行advise failure，让rman给出修复的建议，并给出修复的脚本，之后再运行repair failure
6、按照提示，进行advise命令。
RMAN> advise failure;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of advise command at 09/13/2013 11:20:59
RMAN-07211: failure option not specified
为什么也报错呢？原因为在advise failure之前，要先运行list failure，列出所要修复的错误，所以先list failure。
7、运行LIST-->ADVISE-->REPAIR 命令
RMAN> list failure;
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
122 HIGH OPEN 13-SEP-13 One or more non-system datafiles are missing
RMAN> advise failure;
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
122 HIGH OPEN 13-SEP-13 One or more non-system datafiles are missing
analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=189 device type=DISK
analyzing automatic repair options complete
Mandatory Manual Actions
========================
no manual actions available
Optional Manual Actions
=======================
1. If file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it
Automated Repair Options
========================
Option Repair Description
------ ------------------
1 Restore and recover datafile 4
Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/test0910/test0910/hm/reco_3910127882.hm
advise failure命令对记录在自动诊断信息库中的所有故障给出建议。默认时，此命令只列出具有critical或high优先级的那些故障。除了产生所有输入故障的摘要外，此命令还对每个故障提供一个建议修复选项。通常，advise failure命令同时给出自动和手动修复选项。在advisefailure命令输出结束时，RMAN生成一个脚本，列出建议的修复选项的细节。如果你想自己进行修复，可以直接使用这个脚本，或者对它进行修改。
RMAN> repair failure;
Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/test0910/test0910/hm/reco_3910127882.hm
contents of repair script:
# restore and recover datafile
restore datafile 4;
recover datafile 4;
sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';
Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? Y
executing repair script
Starting restore at 13-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/backupset/2013_09_13/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130913T111426_936byprm_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/backupset/2013_09_13/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130913T111426_936byprm_.bkp tag=TAG20130913T111426
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished restore at 13-SEP-13
Starting recover at 13-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:09
Finished recover at 13-SEP-13
sql statement: alter database datafile 4 online
repair failure complete
Do you want to open the database (enter YES or NO)? YES
database opened
利用advise failure 命令提供的建议，repaire failure根据建议恢复错误。