温正 清华大学出版 ２０１３.１
子谓颜渊曰，用之则行，舍之则藏，惟我与尔有是夫！
非常合适的一本书． 直到今天我才发现原来我需要的不是ansys.
fluent 的基本分析过程 ：
- 3d,dp,pbns,lam: ３Ｄ版本，双精度， 基于压力求解， 采用层流模型．
- 检查网格，要使体积非负， 否则要修复网格以减少 解域的非物理 离散．
- 求解器设置
- 物理模型，层流
- 附加模型
- 物理材质
- 边界条件 的数值与类型
- 调节解的控制参数 松驰因子 ， 多网格参数， 激活残差图
- 初始化流场 提供一个初始解 ，
- 求解
- 查看收敛过程
- 保存到case 和data .
总之， 仿真分析是个 反复改进的过程． 精度不高或不能反映实际问题， 可提高网格质量，调整参数和物理模型，
几种前处理工具 gambit面向CFD的前端处理软件 , icem-cfd专业的前端处理软件, tgrid 专业的前端处理软件, gridpro高质量网格生成软件NASA开发,gridgen专业的网格生成器．
基于八叉树算法的网格生成，Tetra 填充．
分块： 建立拓扑结构 与 几何模型关联． 最难最关键的一步．
划分参数
求解器设置
GDCM : a tool for unlosses compress
office2003key ( testify ! ) GWH28-DGCMP-P6RC4-6J4MT-3HFDY
visio2003 WFDWY-XQXJF-RHRYG-BG7RQ-BBDHM
escapeXml='false'
@RequestParam(value = "id", required = false) 默认是true容易出错
dicom dataset dataset2 dataset3
windows 2000 : netstat -an windows xp/2003 : netstat -ano
对话框是新建的，"resource.h"是随对话框自动添加的，当然不会自动包含进某个.cpp或.h文件内，用到"resource.h"里定义的是新建的对话框类，是没有包含"resource.h"的。将resource.h添加到stdafx.h或对话框类的头文件中就OK了
STL头文件要写在VC6在CPP文件里生成的几行代码之前，谨记！有时除了直接引用该文件的头文件和实现文件外，还需要检查间接引用该文件的文件，是否#include在#ifdef _DEBUG之后
注意 1. webContent/WEB-INF的访问权限不同。2.ServerLocations Use installation(middle) and Deploy use webapps. 3.新引入项目无法加载，新建工程复制其.settings and .project 两个文件并修改
jpeg2000 dicom
These programs use
IJG Win32 - JPEG co-decoding library with Lossless JPEG Extentions.
IJG: Independent JPEG Group, see http://www.ijg.org/
Lossless JPEG co-decoding extensions: developed by Ken Murchison
GDCM 2.x
http://www.kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~diag_rad/intro/tech/dicom_tools.html#DOWNLOAD
1. Modern Medicine Takes Simulation to Heart
A fluid structure interaction simulation is performed to capture patient-specific modeling of hypertensive hemodynamics.
对血流动力学来说，工程设备的研究是其研究的关键，它可以受益于流固耦合的仿真模拟。集成了流体，结构，热和电磁分析功能，所有这些功能可以为人们提供一种更好的认知方式，对了解心血管设备如何在人身体内运行是有较大帮助的。同时，这些分析可以为怎样阻止这些设备产生的副作用提供有效的评估。
ANSYS软件收集到可导致血栓形成的血液凝块的重要信息。另一个例子是，在血管成形术手术中使用血管内支架技术可能会产生成血管再狭窄的危险，如果产生炎症则可能会导致血管的再次狭窄甚至血管不在流通。利用ANSYS仿真软件，医疗专业人士能够确定在这个手术过程中动脉壁上的应力分布，然后优化血管内支架的设计，以尽量减少整个手术过程的风险性。
ANSYS FSI
A CAD system is used to turn this skeletal data into a smooth representation of the vessel geometry.
The geometry is imported into ANSYS ICEM CFD software and the Hexa meshing module is used to construct a high-quality hexahedral volume mesh.
The resulting mesh uses an O-grid inflation layer from all walls so that the mesh is nearly orthogonal with excellent control over near-wall spacing.This mesh is used for the CFD component of the FSI simulation, solved using ANSYS CFX software.The quad surface elements from that same mesh are imported into ANSYS as a shell element representation of the vessel. This type of representation is a significant advantage, since it allows investigations in which the vessel wall thickness is varied without the need for geometry modifications or remeshing. A script is used to apply variable shell thickness on a node-by-node basis to the vessel mesh.
For these studies the Arruda–Boyce hyperelastic material model is used. The model parameters were suggested by biomechanical studies of the stress–strain properties of normotensive and hypertensive pulmonary arteries from a rat model and solid-only simulations of human pulmonary arteries. Residual stress is not considered here due to the difficulty of incorporating such effects in clinical models in which direct measur ements within the artery cannot be obtained. The solid model was constrained on the inflow/outflow boundaries. The remaining nodes were allowed to deform in response to applied forces.
Blood is modeled as an incompressible Newtonian fluid with constant dynamic viscosity and the flow is assumed to be laminar. Using the CFX Expression Language (CEL), it was straightforward to implement a time-varying mass flow boundary condition at the fluid inlet with a half-sinusoid profile. Exit boundary conditions were modeled using CEL and a resistive relationship in which the outlet pressure for each branch was determined by multiplying the local instantaneous flow rate by a r esistance factor.
The early results of this pilot study have confirmed the anticipated behavior of the system. Upcoming studies with improved clinical and imaging data will allow validation and refinement of the simulation methodology. Eventually, the clinical use of non-invasive, patient-specific simulation may provide better under-standing of the progression of PAH and improved predictions of the potential outcomes of available treatments.
2. Designing with Heart
CFD-based design optimization for a miniature ventricular assist implant can shave years off the medical device development cycle
3.Expanding Stent Knowledge
Simulation provides the medical industry with a closer look at stent procedures.
Multiphysics: fully integrated two-way fluid structure interaction including moving/deforming domains; electromagnetic; acoustic
Fluid Simulation Tools: gas/fluid flow analysis including flow in porous media; chemical and biological agents transport; heat transfer; multiphase flow
These surfaces are imported into meshing software from ANSYS and meshed using the hex-core approach. The team then used ANSYS FLUENT technology to model blood flow in the connection region.
For example, one could examine the effect of changes in wall geometry to predict the overall flow pattern and energy loss