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  • Django项目部署

    以下用一个网站 ocean_monitor 举例

    MySQL 安装与配置

    安装

    MariaDB is shipped in the CentOS repo as of CentOS 7 instead of mysql.
    if you still want to install mysql you need to add mysql rpm dependency into your yum repo.

    sudo yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb-devel mariadb
    sudo systemctl start mariadb.service
    sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service

    配置

    登录

    mysql -u root -p

    创建用户

    CREATE USER ocean_monitor IDENTIFIED BY 'ocean_monitor_pwd';

    上面建立的用户可以在任何地方登陆。如果要限制在固定地址登陆,比如 localhost 登陆:

    CREATE USER ocean_monitor@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'ocean_monitor_pwd';

    创建数据库

    # 使用utf8编码,否则中文会有问题
    CREATE DATABASE ocean_monitor character set utf8;

    授权 ocean_monitor 用户拥有 ocean_monitor 数据库的所有权限

    grant all on ocean_monitor.* to ocean_monitor identified by 'ocean_monitor_pwd';

    如果是限制在 localhost 登录的,则使用

    grant all on ocean_monitor.* to ocean_monitor@localhost identified by 'ocean_monitor_pwd';

    使用 PIP 安装依赖

    为mysql-python安装依赖,这样才能编译安装
    如果是Ubuntu用户

    sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev libmysqlclient-dev python-mysqldb

    如果是Centos用户

    yum install gcc python-devel 

    安装所有的依赖

    # requirements.txt 是 django 项目目录下,填写的依赖包信息
    pip install -r requirements.txt

    测试 uWSGU

    创建一个测试文件

    # test.py
    def application(env, start_response):
        start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
        return ["Hello World"] # python2
        #return [b"Hello World"] # python3

    然后,Run uWSGI:

    uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

    如果出现错误,!!! no internal routing support, rebuild with pcre support !!!

    sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
    sudo pip uninstall uwsgi
    sudo apt-get remove uwsgi
    sudo pip install uwsgi

    打开下面url,浏览器上应该显示hello world

    http://example.com:8000

    如果显示正确,说明下面3个环节是通畅的:

    the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python

    测试Django

    我看别人用的是 --module mysite.wsgi,但是建 Django项目时,并没有生成这个文件,这里十分奇怪。因此,使用 Django 生成的 wsgi.py

    uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file wsgi.py

    如果显示正确,说明下面3个环节是通畅的:

    the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django

    Nginx 安装与配置

    Nginx 安装

    http://cantgis.blog.51cto.com/5788192/1540004

    配置站点

    vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/ocean_monitor.conf

    添加配置信息

    # ocean_monitor.conf
    
    # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
    upstream django_ocean_monitor {
        # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
        # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
        server 127.0.0.1:8108;
    }
    
    # configuration of the server
    server {
        # the port your site will be served on
        listen      8008;
        # the domain name it will serve for
        # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
        # Django 的 settings.py 文件中的 ALLOWED_HOSTS 要加上这里设置的 server_name
        server_name localhost;
        charset     utf-8;
    
        gzip on;
        gzip_min_length 1000;
        gzip_buffers 4 16k;
        gzip_http_version 1.1;
        gzip_comp_level 3;
        gzip_vary on;
        # 禁用对 IE 6 使用 gzip 压缩
        gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].";
        gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml application/xml+rss application/json;
    
        ## Individual nginx logs
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/ocean_monitor_access.log;
        error_log   /var/log/nginx/ocean_monitor_error.log;
    
        # max upload size
        client_max_body_size 8M;   # adjust to taste
    
        # Django media
        location /media  {
            # your Django project's media files - amend as required
            alias /home/python/ocean_monitor/media;  
        }
    
        location /static {
            # your Django project's static files - amend as required
            alias /home/python/ocean_monitor/static; 
        }
    
        # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
        location / {
            uwsgi_pass  django_ocean_monitor;
            # the uwsgi_params file you installed
            #  增加 nginx 配置, uwsgi_params 文件在 /etc/nginx/ 目录下
            include     /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params; 
        }
    }

    测试 nginx 的配置文件的语法是否正确

    sudo nginx -t

    重启 nginx

    service nginx restart

    Django 配置

    settings.py 配置

    设置 ALLOWED_HOSTS

    Django gives Bad Request (400) when DEBUG = False
    The ALLOWED_HOSTS list should contain fully qualified host names, not urls. Leave of the port and the protocol. If you are using 127.0.0.1, I'd add localhost to the list too

    ALLOWED_HOSTS = [
        # 加上本机的IP地址
        '192.168.137.146',
        '127.0.0.1', 
        'localhost'
    ]

    You could also use * to match any host:

    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

    设置 DATABASES

    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'NAME': 'ocean_monitor',
            'USER': 'ocean_monitor',
            'PASSWORD': 'ocean_monitor_pwd',
            'HOST': 'localhost',
            'PORT': '3306',
        }
    }

    初始化数据库

    python manage.py syncdb

    启动一下,测试 Django 有没有问题

    python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080

    uWSGI 配置文件

    在 Django 项目的根目录添加 uwsgi.ini 文件

    # uwsgi.ini file
    [uwsgi]
    
    # Django-related settings
    # the base directory (full path)
    chdir           = /home/python/ocean_monitor
    # Django's wsgi file
    wsgi-file       = /home/python/ocean_monitor/ocean_monitor/wsgi.py
    # module       = index.wsgi:application
    # the virtualenv (full path)
    # home            = /path/to/virtualenv
    daemonize   = /home/python/ocean_monitor/ocean_monitor.log
    # process-related settings
    # master
    master          = true
    pidfile     = /tmp/ocean_monitor_master.pid
    # maximum number of worker processes
    processes       = 3
    # the socket (use the full path to be safe
    # socket          = /home/python/ocean_monitor/ocean_monitor.sock
    socket          = 127.0.0.1:8108
    # ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
    chmod-socket    = 664
    # clear environment on exit
    vacuum          = true

    uwsgi 启动与结束

    # 启动
    uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini
    # 重启
    uwsgi --reload /tmp/ocean_monitor_master.pid
    # 结束
    uwsgi --stop /tmp/ocean_monitor_master.pid

    如果出现错误 signal_pidfile()/kill(): No such process [core/uwsgi.c line 1627],是由于 ocean_monitor_master.pid 的进程ID不正确,修改/tmp/ocean_monitor_master.pid为正确的pid就可以。

    使用如下命令,查询指定端口的进程id

    sudo netstat -ap | grep 8108

    修改 /tmp/ocean_monitor_master.pid 的进程id值

    vim /tmp/ocean_monitor_master.pid

    使用 supervisor 启动 celery-worker 及 celery-beat

    安装 supervisor

    安装

    pip install supervisor

    安装方法请参考

    http://www.iitshare.com/supervisord-manage-process.html

    生成配置文件

    安装好supervisor之后,默认是没有生成配置文件的。可以通过以下命令生成配置文件

    echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisord.conf

    启动

    supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf  # 到指定路径下去找配置文件

    如果出现
    another program is already listening on a port that one of our HTTP servers is configured to use

    sudo unlink /etc/supervisor.sock

    然后再次运行

    supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf

    supervisor 管理

    supervisor 安装完成后有两个可用的命令行 supervisor 和 supervisorctl,命令使用解释如下:

    supervisord,初始启动Supervisord,启动、管理配置中设置的进程。
    supervisorctl stop programxxx,停止某一个进程(programxxx),programxxx为[program:chatdemon]里配置的值,这个示例就是chatdemon。
    supervisorctl start programxxx,启动某个进程
    supervisorctl restart programxxx,重启某个进程
    supervisorctl stop groupworker: ,重启所有属于名为groupworker这个分组的进程(start,restart同理)
    supervisorctl stop all,停止全部进程,注:start、restart、stop都不会载入最新的配置文件。
    supervisorctl reload,载入最新的配置文件,停止原有进程并按新的配置启动、管理所有进程。
    supervisorctl update,根据最新的配置文件,启动新配置或有改动的进程,配置没有改动的进程不会受影响而重启。

    注意:显示用stop停止掉的进程,用reload或者update都不会自动重启。

    设置配置文件

    vim /etc/supervisord.conf

    在文件最后添加如下信息

    [program:ocean_monitor_celery_worker]
    process_name = ocean_monitor_celery_worker
    command=python /home/python/ocean_monitor/manage.py celery worker --loglevel=info
    directory=/home/python/ocean_monitor
    autorestart=true
    redirect_stderr=true
    stdout_logfile = /var/log/supervisord/ocean_monitor_celery_worker.log
    loglevel=info
    [program:ocean_monitor_celery_beat]
    process_name = ocean_monitor_celery_beat
    command=python /home/python/ocean_monitor/manage.py celery beat --loglevel=info
    directory=/home/python/ocean_monitor
    autorestart=true
    redirect_stderr=true
    stdout_logfile = /var/log/supervisord/ocean_monitor_celery_beat.log
    loglevel=info

    用 supervisor 运行前,可以先在命令行下启动测试一下

    python manage.py celery beat --loglevel=info
    python manage.py celery worker --loglevel=info

    启动

    # 根据最新的配置文件,启动新配置或有改动的进程
    # 配置没有改动的进程不会受影响而重启
    supervisorctl update

    防火墙设置及 SELinux 问题

    设置防火墙开放端口(iptables)

    /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 8008 -j ACCEPT 

    nginx permission denied 问题

    因为忘记了 selinux 的问题,导致 trouble shooting 耽误了不少时间。
    由于SELinux的问题,会导致nginx nginx permission denied 的问题,需要将 selinux 关闭。

    查看SELinux状态:

    # 如果SELinux status参数为enabled即为开启状态
    /usr/sbin/sestatus -v 

    也可以用 getenforce 这个命令检查

    关闭SELinux

    # 只是临时关闭(不用重启机器),重启后问题仍然出现
    # 设置SELinux 成为permissive模式
    setenforce 0 
    # setenforce 1 # 设置SELinux 成为enforcing模式

    永久关闭,需要通过修改配置文件,但是需要重启机器:

    vim /etc/selinux/config

    将SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled,重启机器即可

    shutdown -r now


    本文转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/restran/p/4412708.html
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/iamjqy/p/7448158.html
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