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原文如下：
Install Java SE 7 SDK on Debian Wheezy
Debian ships with OpenJDK by default, but the Sun (now Oracle) Java SDK could be optionally installed using the package sun-java6-jdk. However, Debian have recently removed Oracle Java from their testing (Wheezy) repositories as a result of a new redistribution license (see here), and so it is not possible to install Oracle Java SDK without a little more work.
I really like OpenJDK, but there are several reasons to install the Oracle tools. Clients will tend to use Oracle Java, so that is what I need to test. I also need to test across a number of versions (1.5, 1.6 and 1.7), and also 32-bit and 64-bit architecture.
I have put together this guide which describes all of the stages to successfully install Oracle Java SE SDK on Debian Wheezy. This guide assumes 64-bit Java 7, but it should work for 32-bit and earlier versions of the SDK too.
Download
First you need to download the latest Java SE SDK version. Go to the following link and download the file jdk-7u3-linux-x64.tar.gz (there maybe a later update available when you do this).
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
Install
Once the download has completed extract it into the /opt directory. To do this open a new root terminal and run the following commands:
# cd /opt
# tar -xzvf <path_to_download>/jdk-7u3-linux-x64.tar.gz
Debian already has a pattern for managing different software versions on the same system. This step registers the downloaded version of Java as an alternative, and switches it to be used as the default:
# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/jdk1.7.0_03/bin/java 1
# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /opt/jdk1.7.0_03/bin/javac 1
# update-alternatives --install /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libjavaplugin.so mozilla-javaplugin.so /opt/jdk1.7.0_03/jre/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so 1
# update-alternatives --set java /opt/jdk1.7.0_03/bin/java
# update-alternatives --set javac /opt/jdk1.7.0_03/bin/javac
# update-alternatives --set mozilla-javaplugin.so /opt/jdk1.7.0_03/jre/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so
That’s it!
Test
To see which version of Java you are now running by default, execute the following command from a terminal:
# java -version
java version "1.7.0_03"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_03-b04)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 22.1-b02, mixed mode)
To check the browser plugin browse to http://www.java.com/ and click “Do I have Java?”. If everything is installed correctly then you should see the following message: