Linux下嵌入式Web服务器BOA和CGI编程开发

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**目录**
一、环境搭建
二、相关配置（部分）
三、调试运行
四、测试源码参考
五、常见错误
六、扩展（CCGI，SQLite）

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# 一、环境搭建
操作系统：Ubuntu12.04 LTS
boa下载地址（但是我找不到...）: http://www.boa.org/
我是其他网站找到的资源，但是忘了网址了，所以我直接上云盘资源
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1_SpR9MDcmSB8jpDm76fw6A 提取码: hb1e
可以参考：Ubuntu下boa服务器的配置与搭建
cgi：直接终端安装 sudo apt-get install apache2
可以参考： ubuntu 下搭建cgi环境

# 二、相关配置（部分）
boa我的配置：/etc/boa$ sudo vi boa.conf

# 下面几个都是关键点，基本就错这几个点上
# cumentRoot /var/www
#将cgi保存的实际位置和网站地址做个对应
# ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /var/www/cgi-bin/
#cgi脚本运行时能看到的$PATH（可选）
# CGIPath /bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
#如果想在任何位置都能运行cgi，要添加这个（可选）
AddType application/x-httpd-cgi cgi
# Boa v0.94 configuration file
# File format has not changed from 0.93
# File format has changed little from 0.92
# version changes are noted in the comments
#
# The Boa configuration file is parsed with a lex/yacc or flex/bison
# generated parser. If it reports an error, the line number will be
# provided; it should be easy to spot. The syntax of each of these
# rules is very simple, and they can occur in any order. Where possible
# these directives mimic those of NCSA httpd 1.3; I saw no reason to 
# introduce gratuitous differences.

# $Id: boa.conf,v 1.25 2002/03/22 04:33:09 jnelson Exp $
# The "ServerRoot" is not in this configuration file. It can be compiled
# into the server (see defines.h) or specified on the command line with
# the -c option, for example:
#
# boa -c /usr/local/boa

# Port: The port Boa runs on. The default port for http servers is 80.

# If it is less than 1024, the server must be started as root.
# 端口老是被占用，所以我改掉了
Port 88

# Listen: the Internet address to bind(2) to. If you leave it out,
# it takes the behavior before 0.93.17.2, which is to bind to all
# addresses (INADDR_ANY). You only get one "Listen" directive,
# if you want service on multiple IP addresses, you have three choices:
# 1. Run boa without a "Listen" directive
# a. All addresses are treated the same; makes sense if the addresses
# are localhost, ppp, and eth0.
# b. Use the VirtualHost directive below to point requests to different
# files. Should be good for a very large number of addresses (web
# hosting clients).
# 2. Run one copy of boa per IP address, each has its own configuration
# with a "Listen" directive. No big deal up to a few tens of addresses.
# Nice separation between clients.
# The name you provide gets run through inet_aton(3), so you have to use dotted
# quad notation. This configuration is too important to trust some DNS.

#Listen 192.68.0.5
# User: The name or UID the server should run as.
# Group: The group name or GID the server should run as.

User 0 
Group 0

# ServerAdmin: The email address where server problems should be sent.
# Note: this is not currently used, except as an environment variable
# for CGIs.
#ServerAdmin root@localhost
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. If this does not start
# with /, it is considered relative to the server root.
# Set to /dev/null if you don't want errors logged.
# If unset, defaults to /dev/stderr

ErrorLog /var/log/boa/error_log

# Please NOTE: Sending the logs to a pipe ('|'), as shown below,
# is somewhat experimental and might fail under heavy load.
# "Usual libc implementations of printf will stall the whole
# process if the receiving end of a pipe stops reading."
#ErrorLog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog --symlink=/var/log/boa/error_log /var/log/boa/error-%Y%m%d.log"

# AccessLog: The location of the access log file. If this does not
# start with /, it is considered relative to the server root.
# Comment out or set to /dev/null (less effective) to disable 
# Access logging.
# AccessLog /var/log/boa/access_log
# Please NOTE: Sending the logs to a pipe ('|'), as shown below,
# is somewhat experimental and might fail under heavy load.
# "Usual libc implementations of printf will stall the whole
# process if the receiving end of a pipe stops reading."
#AccessLog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog --symlink=/var/log/boa/access_log /var/log/boa/access-%Y%m%d.log"

# UseLocaltime: Logical switch. Uncomment to use localtime 
# instead of UTC time
#UseLocaltime

# VerboseCGILogs: this is just a logical switch.
# It simply notes the start and stop times of cgis in the error log
# Comment out to disable.

#VerboseCGILogs

# ServerName: the name of this server that should be sent back to 
# clients if different than that returned by gethostname + gethostbyname

ServerName www.your.org.here

# VirtualHost: a logical switch.
# Comment out to disable.
# Given DocumentRoot /var/www, requests on interface 'A' or IP 'IP-A'
# become /var/www/IP-A.
# Example: http://localhost/ becomes /var/www/127.0.0.1
#
# Not used until version 0.93.17.2. This "feature" also breaks commonlog
# output rules, it prepends the interface number to each access_log line.
# You are expected to fix that problem with a postprocessing script.

#VirtualHost

# DocumentRoot: The root directory of the HTML documents.
# Comment out to disable server non user files.

DocumentRoot /var/www

# UserDir: The name of the directory which is appended onto a user's home
# directory if a ~user request is recieved.

UserDir public_html

# DirectoryIndex: Name of the file to use as a pre-written HTML
# directory index. Please MAKE AND USE THESE FILES. On the
# fly creation of directory indexes can be _slow_.
# Comment out to always use DirectoryMaker

DirectoryIndex index.html

# DirectoryMaker: Name of program used to create a directory listing.
# Comment out to disable directory listings. If both this and
# DirectoryIndex are commented out, accessing a directory will give
# an error (though accessing files in the directory are still ok).

DirectoryMaker /usr/lib/boa/boa_indexer

# DirectoryCache: If DirectoryIndex doesn't exist, and DirectoryMaker
# has been commented out, the the on-the-fly indexing of Boa can be used
# to generate indexes of directories. Be warned that the output is 
# extremely minimal and can cause delays when slow disks are used.
# Note: The DirectoryCache must be writable by the same user/group that 
# Boa runs as.

# DirectoryCache /var/spool/boa/dircache

# KeepAliveMax: Number of KeepAlive requests to allow per connection
# Comment out, or set to 0 to disable keepalive processing

KeepAliveMax 1000

# KeepAliveTimeout: seconds to wait before keepalive connection times out

KeepAliveTimeout 10

# MimeTypes: This is the file that is used to generate mime type pairs
# and Content-Type fields for boa.
# Set to /dev/null if you do not want to load a mime types file.
# Do *not* comment out (better use AddType!)

MimeTypes /etc/mime.types

# DefaultType: MIME type used if the file extension is unknown, or there
# is no file extension.

DefaultType text/plain

# CGIPath: The value of the $PATH environment variable given to CGI progs.

CGIPath /bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin

# SinglePostLimit: The maximum allowable number of bytes in 
# a single POST. Default is normally 1MB.

# AddType: adds types without editing mime.types
# Example: AddType type extension [extension ...]

# Uncomment the next line if you want .cgi files to execute from anywhere
#AddType application/x-httpd-cgi cgi

# Redirect, Alias, and ScriptAlias all have the same semantics -- they
# match the beginning of a request and take appropriate action. Use
# Redirect for other servers, Alias for the same server, and ScriptAlias
# to enable directories for script execution.

# Redirect allows you to tell clients about documents which used to exist in
# your server's namespace, but do not anymore. This allows you to tell the
# clients where to look for the relocated document.
# Example: Redirect /bar http://elsewhere/feh/bar

# Aliases: Aliases one path to another.
# Example: Alias /path1/bar /path2/foo

Alias /doc /usr/doc

# ScriptAlias: Maps a virtual path to a directory for serving scripts
# Example: ScriptAlias /htbin/ /www/htbin/

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /var/www/cgi-bin/

cgi我的配置：sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default

ServerName 127.0.0.1 
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

DocumentRoot /var/www
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
<Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
AllowOverride None
Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
Order allow,deny 
Allow from all
</Directory>

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
LogLevel warn

CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
<Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
</Directory>

</VirtualHost> 

# 三、调试运行
    都配好后运行 sudo ./boa
    访问 http://127.0.0.1:端口号
    我的就是 http://127.0.0.1:88
    gcc -o test.cgi test.c 编译生成 test.cgi
    把cgi文件拷贝到 cgi-bin 下
    网址就是 http://localhost:88/cgi-bin/test.cgi

 

# 四、测试源码参考

---

下面提供几个测试代码，转自其他大佬，不过我找不到网址了。
1、

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
    char *data;
    long m,n;
    printf("Content-type:text/html

");
    printf("<HTML>");
    printf("<HEAD>");
    printf("<TITLE>multi</TITLE>");
    printf("</HEAD>");
    printf("<BODY>");
    printf("<H2 ALIGN="center">multi control</H2>");
    printf("<FORM METHOD="GET" ACTION="test1.cgi">");
    printf("<P>Direction:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="m" VALUE="" size="18">");
    printf("<P>Step Number:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="n" VALUE="" size="17">");
    printf("<P ALIGN="left">");
    printf("<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT"  VALUE="Submit">");
    printf("<INPUT TYPE="RESET"    VALUE="Reset">");
    printf("</P>");
    printf("</FORM>");
    printf("</BODY>");
    printf("</HTML>");

    data=getenv("QUERY_STRING");
    if(!data)
        printf("<P>get no datas and it's wrong.");
    else if(sscanf(data,"m=%ld&n=%ld",&m,&n)!=2)
        printf("<P>the input must be numbers");
    else
        printf("<P>%ld and %ld multi= %ld",m,n,m*n);
    return 0;
}

2、
/var/www 下的pass.html

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>用户登陆验证</title>
</head>
<body>
<form name="form1" action="/cgi-bin/pass.cgi" method="POST">
<table align="center">
<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">用户名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="Username"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">密 码</td>
<td><input type="password" name="Password"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="登 录"></td>
<td><input type="reset" value="取 消"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

/var/www/cgi-bin 下的pass.c

/*=====================================================================
cgi例子
=====================================================================*/
//pass.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char* getcgidata(FILE* fp, char* requestmethod);
int main()
{
       char *input;
       char *req_method;
       char name[64];
       char pass[64];
       int i = 0;
       int j = 0;
      
//     printf("Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1

");
       printf("Content-type: text/html

");
       printf("The following is query reuslt:<br><br>");
       req_method = getenv("REQUEST_METHOD");
       input = getcgidata(stdin, req_method);
       // 我们获取的input字符串可能像如下的形式
       // Username="admin"&Password="aaaaa"
       // 其中"Username="和"&Password="都是固定的
       // 而"admin"和"aaaaa"都是变化的，也是我们要获取的
      
       // 前面9个字符是UserName=
       // 在"UserName="和"&"之间的是我们要取出来的用户名
       for ( i = 9; i < (int)strlen(input); i++ )
       {
              if ( input[i] == '&' )
              {
                     name[j] = '';
                     break;
              }                  
              name[j++] = input[i];
       }
       // 前面9个字符 + "&Password="10个字符 + Username的字符数
       // 是我们不要的，故省略掉，不拷贝
       for ( i = 19 + strlen(name), j = 0; i < (int)strlen(input); i++ )
       {
              pass[j++] = input[i];
       }
       pass[j] = '';
       printf("Your Username is %s<br>Your Password is %s<br> 
", name, pass);
      
       return 0;
}
char* getcgidata(FILE* fp, char* requestmethod)
{
       char* input;
       int len;
       int size = 1024;
       int i = 0;
      
       if (!strcmp(requestmethod, "GET"))
       {
              input = getenv("QUERY_STRING");
              return input;
       }
       else if (!strcmp(requestmethod, "POST"))
       {
              len = atoi(getenv("CONTENT_LENGTH"));
              input = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*(size + 1));
             
              if (len == 0)
              {
                     input[0] = '';
                     return input;
              }
             
              while(1)
              {
                     input[i] = (char)fgetc(fp);
                     if (i == size)
                     {
                            input[i+1] = '';
                            return input;
                     }
                    
                     --len;
                     if (feof(fp) || (!(len)))
                     {
                            i++;
                            input[i] = '';
                            return input;
                     }
                     i++;
                    
              }
       }
       return NULL;
}

效果图：

输入数据点击“登录”

自动跳转到 /cgi-bin/pass.cgi ,获取到数据并打印

# 五、常见错误
你的配置会影响网址，502什么错误也是配置或权限有问题导致的。
如：
502 Bad Gateway
The CGI was not CGI/1.1 compliant.
cgi_header: unable to find LFLF
1.可能是网址打错了(路径是否和配置文件对应)
2.配置有问题
3.权限没给足 chmod 777 test.cgi

# 六、扩展（CCGI，SQLite）
CGIC的主站点： http://www.boutell.com/cgic/
SQLite官网：http://www.sqlite.org/
配置参考大佬博客：项目实战
我在调试中遇到的问题也在大佬的博客下面做了 评论 ，如果大家碰到问题可以参考一下。
补充：编译时会出错，使用

gcc -o config.cgi config.c sqlite3.c cgic.c -lsqlite3 -lpthread -ldl

![涉及文件]

![html效果]

![cgi页面]

数据已写入数据库，可使用以下命令

sqlite3 person.db
.table
select * from person;