java Webservice(一)HttpClient远程调用

我们将Web Service发布在Tomcat或者其他应用服务器上后，有很多方法可以调用该Web Service，常用的有两种：

      1、通过浏览器HTTP调用，返回规范的XML文件内容
      2、通过客户端程序调用，返回结果可自定义格式

      接下来，我利用Eclipse作为开发工具，演示一个Httpclient调用WebService的简单示例
      第一种调用见我的另一篇博文：http://www.cnblogs.com/lanxuezaipiao/archive/2013/05/10/3071584.html
      步骤如下： 
     
     准备工作：用到的jar包有： 下载链接（http://download.csdn.net/detail/lanxuezaipiao/5354480）
                  

      第一步：新建Java Project，项目名称为HttpCallWebService

      第二步：将所需jar包导入到库中

      第三步：编写调用class，这里有两种方式调用，即GET方式和POST方式，由于POST方式较安全，故这里采用POST方式调用；请求数据的构造也有两种方式：静态和动态构造，下面分别介绍这两种方式：

      注：这里以E邮宝开放的webservice接口为例调用其中一个API函数，而E邮宝的webservice基于SOAP，故请求数据为SOAP格式，大家可根据自己情况进行修改

      静态构造请求数据：

package com.http;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.InputStreamRequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.RequestEntity;

public class StaticHttpclientCall {

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws HttpException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws HttpException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        String soapRequestData = "<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>"
                + "<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance""
                + " xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema""
                + " xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">"
                + " <soap12:Body>"
                + " <GetAPACShippingPackage xmlns="http://shippingapi.ebay.cn/">"
                + " <GetAPACShippingPackageRequest>"
                + " <TrackCode>123</TrackCode>"
                + " <Version>123</Version>"
                + " <APIDevUserID>123</APIDevUserID>"
                + " <APIPassword>123</APIPassword>"
                + " <APISellerUserID>123</APISellerUserID>"
                + " <MessageID>123</MessageID>"
                + " </GetAPACShippingPackageRequest>"
                + " </GetAPACShippingPackage>" + "</soap12:Body>"
                + " </soap12:Envelope>";

        System.out.println(soapRequestData);

        PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(
                "http://epacketws.pushauction.net/v3/orderservice.asmx?wsdl");

        // 然后把Soap请求数据添加到PostMethod中
        byte[] b = soapRequestData.getBytes("utf-8");
        InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(b, 0, b.length);
        RequestEntity re = new InputStreamRequestEntity(is, b.length,
                "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");
        postMethod.setRequestEntity(re);

        // 最后生成一个HttpClient对象，并发出postMethod请求
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
        if(statusCode == 200) {
            System.out.println("调用成功！");
            String soapResponseData = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
            System.out.println(soapResponseData);
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("调用失败！错误码：" + statusCode);
        }

    }

}

动态构造数据：

package com.http;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.InputStreamRequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.RequestEntity;

// 动态构造调用串，灵活性更大
public class DynamicHttpclientCall {

    private String namespace;
    private String methodName;
    private String wsdlLocation;
    private String soapResponseData;

    public DynamicHttpclientCall(String namespace, String methodName,
            String wsdlLocation) {

        this.namespace = namespace;
        this.methodName = methodName;
        this.wsdlLocation = wsdlLocation;
    }

    private int invoke(Map<String, String> patameterMap) throws Exception {
        PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(wsdlLocation);
        String soapRequestData = buildRequestData(patameterMap);

        byte[] bytes = soapRequestData.getBytes("utf-8");
        InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes, 0,
                bytes.length);
        RequestEntity requestEntity = new InputStreamRequestEntity(inputStream,
                bytes.length, "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");
        postMethod.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);

        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
        soapResponseData = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();

        return statusCode;
    }

    private String buildRequestData(Map<String, String> patameterMap) {
        StringBuffer soapRequestData = new StringBuffer();
        soapRequestData.append("<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>");
        soapRequestData
                .append("<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance""
                        + " xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema""
                        + " xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">");
        soapRequestData.append("<soap12:Body>");
        soapRequestData.append("<" + methodName + " xmlns="" + namespace
                + "">");
        soapRequestData.append("<" + methodName + "Request>");

        Set<String> nameSet = patameterMap.keySet();
        for (String name : nameSet) {
            soapRequestData.append("<" + name + ">" + patameterMap.get(name)
                    + "</" + name + ">");
        }
        
        soapRequestData.append("</" + methodName + "Request>");
        soapRequestData.append("</" + methodName + ">");
        soapRequestData.append("</soap12:Body>");
        soapRequestData.append("</soap12:Envelope>");

        return soapRequestData.toString();
    }

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        DynamicHttpclientCall dynamicHttpclientCall = new DynamicHttpclientCall(
                "http://shippingapi.ebay.cn/", "GetAPACShippingPackage",
                "http://epacketws.pushauction.net/v3/orderservice.asmx?wsdl");

        Map<String, String> patameterMap = new HashMap<String, String>();

        patameterMap.put("TrackCode", "123");
        patameterMap.put("Version", "123");
        patameterMap.put("APIDevUserID", "123");
        patameterMap.put("APIPassword", "123");
        patameterMap.put("APISellerUserID", "123");
        patameterMap.put("MessageID", "123");
        patameterMap.put("TrackCode", "123");

        String soapRequestData = dynamicHttpclientCall.buildRequestData(patameterMap);
        System.out.println(soapRequestData);

        int statusCode = dynamicHttpclientCall.invoke(patameterMap);
        if(statusCode == 200) {
            System.out.println("调用成功！");
            System.out.println(dynamicHttpclientCall.soapResponseData);
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("调用失败！错误码：" + statusCode);
        }
        
    }

}

  最终运行结果：

package httpclient;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;

public class HttpClientTest {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String url = "/webservices/DomesticAirline.asmx/getDomesticAirlinesTime";
String host = "www.webxml.com.cn";
String param = "startCity="+URLEncoder.encode("杭州", "utf-8")+"&lastCity=&theDate=&userID=";
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
httpClient.getHostConfiguration().setHost(host, 80, "http");

HttpMethod method = getMethod(url, param);
//HttpMethod method = postMethod(url);

httpClient.executeMethod(method);

String response = method.getResponseBodyAsString();
//String response = new String(method.getResponseBodyAsString().getBytes("ISO-8859-1"));
System.out.println(response);
}

private static HttpMethod getMethod(String url,String param) throws IOException{
GetMethod get = new GetMethod(url+"?"+param);
get.releaseConnection();
return get;
}

private static HttpMethod postMethod(String url) throws IOException{
PostMethod post = new PostMethod(url);
post.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=gbk");
NameValuePair[] param = { new NameValuePair("startCity","杭州"),
new NameValuePair("lastCity","沈阳"),
new NameValuePair("userID",""),
new NameValuePair("theDate","") } ;
post.setRequestBody(param);
post.releaseConnection();
return post;
}
}

如果PostMethod提交的是中文字符，需要加上相应的编码格式： post.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=gbk");
如果GetMethod提交的参数有中文字符，需要先转换成utf-8格式： URLEncoder.encode("杭州", "utf-8");

1.拳头之Get/Post
拳头是最基本的一重武器，也是最重要的，好比练武之人必须先扎稳马步。

java 代码

HttpClient httpclient=new HttpClient();//创建一个客户端，类似打开一个浏览器
GetMethod getMethod=new GetMethod("http://www.blablabla.com");//创建一个get方法，类似在浏览器地址栏中输入一个地址
int statusCode=httpclient.executeMethod(getMethod);//回车——出拳！
System.out.println("response=" + getMethod.getResponseBodyAsString());//察看拳头命中情况，可以获得的东西还有很多，比如head, cookies等等
getMethod.releaseConnection();//释放，记得收拳哦

2.孔雀翎之支持https

如何支持https?

java 代码

static{
    Protocol easyhttps = new Protocol("https", new EasySSLProtocolSocketFactory(), 443);
    Protocol.registerProtocol("https", easyhttps);
}

在执行具体的http method之前，暗中将https协议注册一把，如孔雀翎暗藏玄机，毙敌于无形。记住，官方的binary发行版本没有ssl的contribute包，方法一是下载源代码版本来打造你的孔雀翎。

3.多情环之cookies
常道人老多情，其实是记忆太多，所以情之所至，正如cookies甜心，无论你走到那，总把你牵挂：

java 代码

HttpClient httpclient=new HttpClient();
httpclient.getParams().setCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy.RFC_2109);//RFC_2109是支持较普遍的一个，还有其他cookie协议
HttpState initialState = new HttpState();
Cookie cookie=new Cookie();
cookie.setDomain("www.balblabla.com");
cookie.setPath("/");
cookie.setName("多情环");
cookie.setValue("多情即无情");
initialState.addCookie(cookie);
httpclient.setState(initialState);
...

4.离别钩之解构cookies
多情环的反面即离别钩，钩出，敌之身体某个部件即要与身体别离，端的是无情：

java 代码

...//执行了某些get/post方法后
Cookie[] cookies = httpclient.getState().getCookies();
System.out.println("Present cookies: ");
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {//循环结构零部件
    System.out.println(" - " + cookies[i].toExternalForm());
    System.out.println(" - domain=" + cookies[i].getDomain());
    System.out.println(" - path=" + cookies[i].getPath());
    ...
}

5.霸王抢之post参数
枪，长兵器之王，诸多名将均使一杆或金或银命名的名枪，比如岳飞。post方法在提交参数对时,犹如灵蛇出洞：

java 代码

PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod("http://www.saybot.com/postme");
NameValuePair[] postData = new NameValuePair[2];
postData[0] = new NameValuePair("武器", "枪");
postData[1] = new NameValuePair("什么枪", "神枪");
postMethod.addParameters(postData);
...//出枪吧

6.七星碧玉刀之支持代理(proxy)
代理，非常重要，尤其在局域网横行的年头，没有代理，你在公司上不了QQ，没有代理，google不了网页快照，代理之威，可比七星碧玉刀，无刀，在局域网和开发当中，一切白搭：

java 代码

HttpClient httpclient=new HttpClient();
httpClient.getHostConfiguration().setProxy("192.168.0.1", 9527);
httpClient.getParams().setAuthenticationPreemptive(true);//重要！！！告诉httpclient，使用抢先认证，否则你会收到“你没有资格”的恶果
/*
  这一步也至关重要，MyProxyCredentialsProvider实现了org.apache.commons.httpclient.auth.CredentialsProvider接口，
  返回代理的credential(username/password)*/
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CredentialsProvider.PROVIDER, new MyProxyCredentialsProvider());
httpClient.getState().setProxyCredentials(
    new AuthScope("192.168.0.1",
        AuthScope.ANY_PORT, //任意端口哦，可要小心
        AuthScope.ANY_REALM),//任意域哦，可要小心
new UsernamePasswordCredentials("username",//proxy的用户名
                        "password"));//proxy的密码

...