安装Redis
下载最新的
官网：http://redis.io/ 或者 http://code.google.com/p/redis/downloads/list
第一步：下载安装编译
#wget http://redis.googlecode.com/files/redis-2.4.4.tar.gz
#tar zxvf redis-2.4.4.tar.gz
#cd redis-2.4.4
#make
#make install
#cp redis.conf /etc/
第二步：修改配置
#vi /etc/redis.conf
配置见附录
第三步：启动进程
#redis-server /etc/redis.conf
查看进程有没有成功启动#ps -ef | grep redis
测试输入一个键值
#redis-cli set test "123456"
获取键值
#redis-cli get test
关闭redis
# redis-cli shutdown //关闭所有
关闭某个端口上的redis
# redis-cli -p 6397 shutdown //关闭6397端口的redis
说明：关闭以后缓存数据会自动dump到硬盘上，硬盘地址见redis.conf中的dbfilename dump.rdb
PHP扩展
附录：无错配置
下面是本人配置的全文件
# Redis configuration file example # Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specifiy # it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth: # # 1k => 1000 bytes # 1kb => 1024 bytes # 1m => 1000000 bytes # 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes # 1g => 1000000000 bytes # 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes # # units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same. # By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it. # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized. daemonize yes # When running daemonized, Redis writes a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by # default. You can specify a custom pid file location here. pidfile /var/run/redis.pid # Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379. # If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket. port 6379 # If you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not # specified all the interfaces will listen for incoming connections. # bind 127.0.0.1 # Specify the path for the unix socket that will be used to listen for # incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen # on a unix socket when not specified. # # unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock # unixsocketperm 755 # Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable) timeout 600 # Set server verbosity to 'debug' # it can be one of: # debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing) # verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level) # notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably) # warning (only very important / critical messages are logged) loglevel verbose # Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout' can be used to force # Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard # output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null logfile stdout # To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes, # and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs. # syslog-enabled no # Specify the syslog identity. # syslog-ident redis # Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7. # syslog-facility local0 # Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select # a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where # dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1 databases 16 ################################ SNAPSHOTTING ################################# # # Save the DB on disk: # # save <seconds> <changes> # # Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given # number of write operations against the DB occurred. # # In the example below the behaviour will be to save: # after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed # after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed # after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed # # Note: you can disable saving at all commenting all the "save" lines. save 900 1 save 300 10 save 60 10000 # Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases? # For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win. # If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but # the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys. rdbcompression yes # The filename where to dump the DB dbfilename dump.rdb # The working directory. # # The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified # above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive. # # Also the Append Only File will be created inside this directory. # # Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name. dir /usr/local/redis-2.4.4
################################# REPLICATION ################################# # Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of # another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave # so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a # different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on. # # slaveof <masterip> <masterport> # If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration # directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before # starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will # refuse the slave request. # # masterauth <master-password> # When a slave lost the connection with the master, or when the replication # is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways: # # 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will # still reply to client requests, possibly with out of data data, or the # data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization. # # 2) if slave-serve-stale data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with # an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands # but to INFO and SLAVEOF. # slave-serve-stale-data yes ################################## SECURITY ################################### # Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other # commands. This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust # others with access to the host running redis-server. # # This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most # people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers). # # Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to # 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should # use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break. # # requirepass foobared # Command renaming. # # It is possilbe to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared # environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something # of hard to guess so that it will be still available for internal-use # tools but not available for general clients. # # Example: # # rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52 # # It is also possilbe to completely kill a command renaming it into # an empty string: # # rename-command CONFIG "" ################################### LIMITS #################################### # Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default there # is no limit, and it's up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process # is able to open. The special value '0' means no limits. # Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending # an error 'max number of clients reached'. # # maxclients 128 # Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes. # When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an # EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire # in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live. # Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible. # # If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands # that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue # to reply to most read-only commands like GET. # # WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a # 'state' server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real # database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if # it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time # to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get # errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency. # # maxmemory <bytes> # MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory # is reached? You can select among five behavior: # # volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm # allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm # volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set # allkeys->random -> remove a random key, any key # volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL) # noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations # # Note: with all the kind of policies, Redis will return an error on write # operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction. # # At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append # incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd # sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby # zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby # getset mset msetnx exec sort # # The default is: # # maxmemory-policy volatile-lru # LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated # algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample # size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and # pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size # using the following configuration directive. # # maxmemory-samples 3 ############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ############################### # By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. If you can live # with the idea that the latest records will be lost if something like a crash # happens this is the preferred way to run Redis. If instead you care a lot # about your data and don't want to that a single record can get lost you should # enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled Redis will append # every write operation received in the file appendonly.aof. This file will # be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory. # # Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you # like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps). # Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the # log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file. # # IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append # log file in background when it gets too big. appendonly yes # The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof") appendfilename appendonly.aof # The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk # instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP. # # Redis supports three different modes: # # no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster. # always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest. # everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. Compromise. # # The default is "everysec" that's usually the right compromise between # speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to # "no" that will will let the operating system flush the output buffer when # it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of # some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting), # or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than # everysec. # # If unsure, use "everysec". # appendfsync always appendfsync everysec # appendfsync no # When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background # saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is # performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations # Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for # this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block # our synchronous write(2) call. # # In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option # that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a # BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress. # # This means that while another child is saving the durability of Redis is # the same as "appendfsync none", that in pratical terms means that it is # possible to lost up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the # default Linux settings). # # If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as # "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability. no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no # Automatic rewrite of the append only file. # Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling # BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size will growth by the specified percentage. # # This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the # latest rewrite (or if no rewrite happened since the restart, the size of # the AOF at startup is used). # # This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is # bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also # you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this # is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase # is reached but it is still pretty small. # # Specify a precentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF # rewrite feature. auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100 auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb ################################## SLOW LOG ################################### # The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified # execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations # like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth, # but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only # stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve # other requests in the meantime). # # You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis # what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the # command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the # slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the # queue of logged commands. # The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent # to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while # a value of zero forces the logging of every command. slowlog-log-slower-than 10000 # There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory. # You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET. slowlog-max-len 1024 ################################ VIRTUAL MEMORY ############################### ### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4 ### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged. # Virtual Memory allows Redis to work with datasets bigger than the actual # amount of RAM needed to hold the whole dataset in memory. # In order to do so very used keys are taken in memory while the other keys # are swapped into a swap file, similarly to what operating systems do # with memory pages. # # To enable VM just set 'vm-enabled' to yes, and set the following three # VM parameters accordingly to your needs. vm-enabled no #vm-enabled yes # This is the path of the Redis swap file. As you can guess, swap files # can't be shared by different Redis instances, so make sure to use a swap # file for every redis process you are running. Redis will complain if the # swap file is already in use. # # The best kind of storage for the Redis swap file (that's accessed at random) # is a Solid State Disk (SSD). # # *** WARNING *** if you are using a shared hosting the default of putting # the swap file under /tmp is not secure. Create a dir with access granted # only to Redis user and configure Redis to create the swap file there. vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap # vm-max-memory configures the VM to use at max the specified amount of # RAM. Everything that deos not fit will be swapped on disk *if* possible, that # is, if there is still enough contiguous space in the swap file. # # With vm-max-memory 0 the system will swap everything it can. Not a good # default, just specify the max amount of RAM you can in bytes, but it's # better to leave some margin. For instance specify an amount of RAM # that's more or less between 60 and 80% of your free RAM. vm-max-memory 0 # Redis swap files is split into pages. An object can be saved using multiple # contiguous pages, but pages can't be shared between different objects. # So if your page is too big, small objects swapped out on disk will waste # a lot of space. If you page is too small, there is less space in the swap # file (assuming you configured the same number of total swap file pages). # # If you use a lot of small objects, use a page size of 64 or 32 bytes. # If you use a lot of big objects, use a bigger page size. # If unsure, use the default :) vm-page-size 32 # Number of total memory pages in the swap file. # Given that the page table (a bitmap of free/used pages) is taken in memory, # every 8 pages on disk will consume 1 byte of RAM. # # The total swap size is vm-page-size * vm-pages # # With the default of 32-bytes memory pages and 134217728 pages Redis will # use a 4 GB swap file, that will use 16 MB of RAM for the page table. # # It's better to use the smallest acceptable value for your application, # but the default is large in order to work in most conditions. vm-pages 134217728 # Max number of VM I/O threads running at the same time. # This threads are used to read/write data from/to swap file, since they # also encode and decode objects from disk to memory or the reverse, a bigger # number of threads can help with big objects even if they can't help with # I/O itself as the physical device may not be able to couple with many # reads/writes operations at the same time. # # The special value of 0 turn off threaded I/O and enables the blocking # Virtual Memory implementation. vm-max-threads 4 ############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ############################### # Hashes are encoded in a special way (much more memory efficient) when they # have at max a given numer of elements, and the biggest element does not # exceed a given threshold. You can configure this limits with the following # configuration directives. hash-max-zipmap-entries 512 hash-max-zipmap-value 64 # Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order # to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when # you are under the following limits: list-max-ziplist-entries 512 list-max-ziplist-value 64 # Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed # of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range # of 64 bit signed integers. # The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the # set in order to use this special memory saving encoding. set-max-intset-entries 512 # Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in # order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and # elements of a sorted set are below the following limits: zset-max-ziplist-entries 128 zset-max-ziplist-value 64 # Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in # order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level # keys to values). The hash table implementation redis uses (see dict.c) # performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into an hash table # that is rhashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the # server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used # by the hash table. # # The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to # active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible. # # If unsure: # use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is # not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time # to queries with 2 milliseconds delay. # # use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but # want to free memory asap when possible. activerehashing yes ################################## INCLUDES ################################### # Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you # have a standard template that goes to all redis server but also need # to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include # other files, so use this wisely. # # include /path/to/local.conf # include /path/to/other.conf
中文说明：
1,是否以后台进程运行，默认为no
daemonize no
2,如以后台进程运行，则需指定一个pid，默认为/var/run/redis.pid
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
3,监听端口，默认为6379
port 6379
4,绑定主机IP，默认值为127.0.0.1（注释）
bind 127.0.0.1
5,超时时间，默认为300（秒）
timeout 300
6,日志记录等级，有4个可选值，debug，verbose（默认值），notice，warning
loglevel verbose
7,日志记录方式，默认值为stdout
logfile stdout
8,可用数据库数，默认值为16，默认数据库为0
databases 16
9,指出在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件。这个可以多个条件配合，比如默认配置文件中的设置，就设置了三个条件。
900秒（15分钟）内至少有1个key被改变
save 900 1
300秒（5分钟）内至少有10个key被改变
save 300 10
10,存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes
rdbcompression yes
11,本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb
dbfilename /root/redis_db/dump.rdb
12,本地数据库存放路径，默认值为 ./
dir /root/redis_db/
13,当本机为从服务时，设置主服务的IP及端口（注释）
slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
14,当本机为从服务时，设置主服务的连接密码（注释）
masterauth <master-password>
15,连接密码（注释）
requirepass foobared
16,最大客户端连接数，默认不限制（注释）
maxclients 128
17,设置最大内存，达到最大内存设置后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，当此方法处理后，任到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作。（注释）
maxmemory <bytes>
18,是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认值为no
appendonly yes
19,更新日志文件名，默认值为appendonly.aof（注释）
appendfilename /root/redis_db/appendonly.aof
20,更新日志条件，共有3个可选值。no表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘，always表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘，everysec表示每秒同步一次（默认值）。
appendfsync everysec
21,是否使用虚拟内存，默认值为no
vm-enabled yes
22,虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享
vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap
23,将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的 (Redis的索引数据就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0。
vm-max-memory 0
24,虚拟内存文件以块存储，每块32bytes
vm-page-size 32
25,虚拟内在文件的最大数
vm-pages 134217728
26,可以设置访问swap文件的线程数,设置最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的.可能会造成比较长时间的延迟,但是对数据完整性有很好的保证.
vm-max-threads 4
27,把小的输出缓存放在一起，以便能够在一个TCP packet中为客户端发送多个响应，具体原理和真实效果我不是很清楚。所以根据注释，你不是很确定的时候就设置成yes
glueoutputbuf yes
28,在redis 2.0中引入了hash数据结构。当hash中包含超过指定元素个数并且最大的元素没有超过临界时，hash将以一种特殊的编码方式（大大减少内存使用）来存储，这里可以设置这两个临界值
hash-max-zipmap-entries 64
29,hash中一个元素的最大值
hash-max-zipmap-value 512
30,开启之后，redis将在每100毫秒时使用1毫秒的CPU时间来对redis的hash表进行重新hash，可以降低内存的使用。当你的使 用场景中，有非常严格的实时性需要，不能够接受Redis时不时的对请求有2毫秒的延迟的话，把这项配置为no。如果没有这么严格的实时性要求，可以设置 为yes，以便能够尽可能快的释放内存
activerehashing yes
Redis的部署使用文档 http://www.elain.org/?p=505
========================================================
安装PHP的Redis扩展
先去下载https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis/downloads
#wget https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis/downloads
# tar -zxvf nicolasff-phpredis-2.1.3-124-gd4ad907.tar.gz
# mv nicolasff-phpredis-d4ad907 php-5.3.8/ext/phpredis/
# cd php-5.3.8/ext/phpredis/
# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
# make && make install
配置php.ini
vi /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
(加入:
extension=redis.so
)
先要看看有没有extension_dir=/…….
重启apache或者nginx
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
测试代码：
<?php $redis = new Redis(); $redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379); $redis->set('test','hello world!'); echo $redis->get('test'); ?>
参考：
Linux(CentOS 5.5) Redis 安装及RedisPHP拓展安装应用
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-08/41404.htm
安装redis和phpredis模块
http://skandgjxa.blog.163.com/blog/static/14152982011712112933816/
RHEL5下编译安装Redis及其PHP扩展库
http://hi.baidu.com/zjstandup/blog/item/9f38b825d379c96c35a80f7f.html
windows下phpnow安装phpredis扩展：
http://www.2cto.com/os/201204/125971.html
http://os.51cto.com/art/201305/392576.htm
phpnow如何安装使用phpredis？
http://segmentfault.com/q/1010000000373690
下载地址（注意选择对应的php版本）：https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis/downloads