centos7.3 安装 mysql5.7.13

 系统环境:

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release 
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
[root@localhost tools]# uname -a
Linux localhost 2.6.32-573.22.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Mar 23 03:35:39 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost tools]# 
软件准备:
[root@localhost tools]# pwd
/opt/tools
[root@localhost tools]# ll
total 674208
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 639864682 Jul 22 17:47 mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  50516207 May 25 12:01 mysql-5.7.13.tar.gz
[root@localhost tools]#
解压安装:
[root@localhost tools]# tar xf mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@localhost tools]# ll
total 674212
drwxr-xr-x 9 7161 wheel      4096 May 25 15:04 mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  639864682 Jul 22 17:47 mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  50516207 May 25 12:01 mysql-5.7.13.tar.gz
[root@localhost tools]# 
[root@localhost tools]# mv mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost tools]#
初始化操作(生成初始密码):
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
2016-07-22T09:58:15.001776Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2016-07-22T09:58:15.062066Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-07-22T09:58:15.073009Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: cebfb8a6-4ff2-11e6-8c8d-005056a01a07.
2016-07-22T09:58:15.074370Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2016-07-22T09:58:15.075736Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: k_1ljzVh3<-,
[root@localhost mysql]#
PS: mysql5.7新特性：由上面可以看出， mysql_install_db 已经不再推荐使用了，建议改成 mysqld --initialize 完成实例初始化。
 
加入MySQL为系统服务:
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --list|grep mysqld
mysqld          0:off  1:off  2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
[root@localhost mysql]#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
 
MySQL服务启动、重启、停止
[root@localhost mysql]# serivce mysqld start
[root@localhost mysql]# serivce mysqld stop
[root@localhost mysql]# serivce mysqld restart
[root@localhost mysql]# 
设置环境变量:
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost mysql]#
检查MySQL是否能开启

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# cd support-files/
[root@localhost support-files]# ./mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
若改用了， 则在启动服务时会出现如下错误：
# ./support-files/mysql.server start
./support-files/mysql.server: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
这时候我们需要修改/support-files/mysql.server文件的basedir和datadir目录路径为我们正确的mysql的basedir和datadir路径， 如下：
# vim support-files/mysql.server
--------------------------
...
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data
... 
--------------------------
# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
创建配置文件
将默认生成的my.cnf备份
# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
[root@localhost support-files]# cp my-default.cnf  /etc/my.cnf
初始化mysql用户root的密码
先将mysql服务停止
# service mysqld stop
进入mysql安装目录， 执行：
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking&
[1] 6225
[root@localhost mysql]# 151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql/data

另外打开一个终端(p.s. 如果是ssh连接登录的, 另外创建一个ssh连接即可）， 执行操作如下：

# mysql -u root mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('123456') WHERE user='root';
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'
mysql> update user set authentication_string = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> \s
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:          62
Current database:
Current user:          root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:        5.7.13-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:      10
Connection:            Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db    characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /data/AEData/mysql/data/mysql.sock
Uptime:                46 min 54 sec

Threads: 6  Questions: 6846  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 257  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 201  Queries per second avg: 2.432
--------------

mysql> 
到此， 设置完mysql用户root的密码且确保mysql编码集是utf8, 注意上面， 新版本的mysql.user表里的密码字段是authentication_string

MySQL远程授权
格式如下：
mysql> grant all [privileges] on db_name.table_name to 'username'@'host' identified by 'password';
示例如下：

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 
或用
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';

到此， 完成了mysql的安装 及配置！！！

附上配置文件:
[client] 
loose_default-character-set = utf8 
[mysqld] 
basedir = /usr/local/mysql 
datadir = /data/mysql/data 
port = 3306 
server_id = 1 
socket = /data/mysql/data/mysql.sock 
expire_logs_days      = 7 
innodb_file_per_table 
innodb_buffer_pool_size        = 2G 
innodb_thread_concurrency      = 24 
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 1 
innodb_log_buffer_size          = 32M 
innodb_log_file_size            = 256M 
innodb_log_files_in_group      = 3 
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct      = 90 
innodb_lock_wait_timeout        = 120 
wait_timeout            = 60  
interactive_timeout    = 7200 
skip-name-resolve 
character-set-server    = utf8 
back_log                = 50 
max_connections        = 3000 
max_connect_errors      = 32 
max_allowed_packet      = 32M 
binlog_cache_size      = 8M 
max_heap_table_size    = 512M 
tmp_table_size          = 64M 
key_buffer_size        = 16M 
read_buffer_size        = 2M 
read_rnd_buffer_size    = 8M 
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M 
sort_buffer_size        = 4M 
join_buffer_size        = 2M 
thread_cache_size      = 64 
thread_stack            = 192K 
query_cache_type        = 1 
query_cache_size        = 256M 
query_cache_limit      = 2M 
ft_min_word_len        = 2 
default_storage_engine  = INNODB 
#default_table_type    = INNODB 
transaction_isolation  = REPEATABLE-READ 
lower_case_table_names  = 1 
#log_slow_queries 
slow_query_log 
long_query_time = 2 
log-short-format 
myisam_sort_buffer_size        = 128M 
myisam_max_sort_file_size      = 10G 
myisam_repair_threads          = 1 
[mysqldump] 
quick 
max_allowed_packet = 32M 
routines 
single-transaction 
hex-blob 
skip-comments  
complete-insert  
skip-disable-keys  
skip-add-locks  
skip-lock-tables  
[isamchk]  
key_buffer      = 512M 
sort_buffer_size = 512M 
read_buffer      = 8M 
write_buffer    = 8M 
[myisamchk] 
key_buffer      = 512M 
sort_buffer_size = 512M 
read_buffer      = 8M 
write_buffer    = 8M 
[mysqlhotcopy] 
interactive-timeout 
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. 
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. 
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. 
# join_buffer_size = 128M 
# sort_buffer_size = 2M 
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M  
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

 上面的内容转载自：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-07/133688.htm?hmsr=toutiao.io

安装或使用过程出现的问题

 1.bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1

   解决方法：如果安装mysql出现了以上的报错信息.这是却少numactl这个时候如果是Centos就yum -y install numactl就可以解决这个问题了. 
                     ubuntu的就sudo apt-get install numactl就可以解决这个问题了

The server quit without updating PID file  原因安装时的设置的datadir basedir 在mysql运行时找不到对应目录

   解决方法:

   1).ps aux|grep mysql 或 ps aux|grep mysqld

   2).kill  -9 上述的mysql服务

   3).vim  xxx/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  修改basedir=xxx/mysql  datadir=自己设置的data位置（如我设置在/data/mysql/data）

   4).移动mysql.serve文件 cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld (注意/etc/init.d/中 原有的mysqld 需要移除)

   5).vim /etc/my.cnf  修改basedir datadir 与 3）一样的路径 (我这里忘了修改导致出错)

   6).修改datadir的权限 如mkdir  /data/mysql  ,mkdir data/mysql/data ,chown -R mysql:mysql  /data/mysql  （若没有mysql用户，通过groupadd mysql； useradd -r -g mysql mysql 添加）

   7).systemctl restart mysqld

重启MySQL的时候出现Warning: Unit file of mysql.service changed on disk, ‘systemctl daemon-reload‘ recommended.错误，根据提示，

  解决方法：

 systemctl daemon-reload

 正常重启MariaDB


 systemctl restart mysql

  即可。其他服务出现类似的情况，也可以使用systemctl daemon-reload来解决。

 bash:mysql:command not found

  解决方法

 

  有以下几种错误原因：
     1、如果你是使用的 rpm 的安装方式安装的，那么可能的情况就是你没有安装 client 包。
     2、如果你已经安装了还是报这个错的话，那么你可以再重装一遍。(本人将client包重新安装后登录成功)
     3、系统默认会查找/usr/bin下的命令，如果这个命令不在这个目录下，当然会找不到命令，我们需要做的就是映射一个链接到/usr/bin目录下，相当于建立一个链接文件。

        3.1、首先得知道mysql命令或mysqladmin命令的完整路径
          比如mysql的路径是：
          /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，我们则可以这样执行命令：
          ln -s  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql    /usr/bin

       3.2、取得命令执行的绝对路径：whereis