Android应用开发之单元测试之白盒巧克力

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        今天我们学习如何在Android应用中进行单元测试，分别测试业务方法和日志系统，并且给出相关的log记录，下面给出该场景的案例。

1案例技术要点

(1)为了使你的应用程序支持单元测试功能，需要在清单文件（AndroidManifest.xml）中添加如下配置：

<uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
<instrumentation android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" android:targetPackage="cn.lynn.testing" android:label="Tests for My App" />

(2)相关测试类需要继承android.test.AndroidTestCase类方可进行单元测试。

2案例代码陈列

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="cn.lynn.testing"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
        <activity android:name="cn.lynn.testing.UnitTestingMainActivity"
                  android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
    </application>
    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
    <instrumentation android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
        android:targetPackage="cn.lynn.testing" android:label="Tests for My App" />

</manifest> 

strings.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string name="app_name">Android应用单元测试</string>
</resources>

main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <TextView
    android:layout_width="match_parent" 
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

业务服务类：PersonService.java

package cn.lynn.testing;

public class PersonService {

    public void save(String username) {
        System.out.println(username);
    }

    public int add(int a, int b) {
        return a + b;
    }
}

业务测试类：PersonServiceTest.java

package cn.lynn.testing;

import junit.framework.Assert;
import android.test.AndroidTestCase;

public class PersonServiceTest extends AndroidTestCase {

    public void testSave() throws Exception {
        PersonService service = new PersonService();
        service.save("lynnli1229");
    }

    public void testAdd() throws Exception {
        PersonService service = new PersonService();
        int actual = service.add(1, 2);
        Assert.assertEquals(8, actual);// 1+2等于8为true，否则为false
    }
}

日志测试类：LogTest.java

package cn.lynn.testing;

import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
import android.util.Log;

public class LogTest extends AndroidTestCase {
    private static final String TAG = "LogTest";

    public void testOutLog1() throws Throwable {
        Log.i(TAG, "www.csdn.cn");
    }

    public void testOutLog2() throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("www.csdn.cn");
    }

    public void testOutLog3() throws Throwable {
        System.err.println("www.sohu.cn");
    }

}

UnitTestingMainActivity.java

package cn.lynn.testing;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class UnitTestingMainActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
    }
}

3案例效果展示

 

4案例日志输出

06-02 14:45:23.410: I/TestRunner(683): started: testAdd(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:23.460: I/TestRunner(683): finished: testAdd(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:23.460: I/TestRunner(683): passed: testAdd(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:23.511: I/TestRunner(683): started: testSave(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:23.529: I/TestRunner(683): finished: testSave(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:23.529: I/TestRunner(683): passed: testSave(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:23.599: I/TestRunner(683): started: testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:23.610: I/TestRunner(683): finished: testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:23.610: I/TestRunner(683): passed: testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:28.329: I/TestRunner(698): started: testAdd(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:28.369: I/TestRunner(698): failed: testAdd(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:28.390: I/TestRunner(698): ----- begin exception -----
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: expected:<8> but was:<3>
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at junit.framework.Assert.fail(Assert.java:47)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at junit.framework.Assert.failNotEquals(Assert.java:282)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:64)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:201)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:207)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest.testAdd(PersonServiceTest.java:16)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java:154)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:127)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:106)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:124)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:109)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:118)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:169)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:154)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner.onStart(InstrumentationTestRunner.java:520)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): 	at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1447)
06-02 14:45:29.199: I/TestRunner(698): ----- end exception -----
06-02 14:45:29.319: I/TestRunner(698): finished: testAdd(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:29.361: I/TestRunner(698): started: testSave(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:29.369: I/System.out(698): lynnli1229
06-02 14:45:29.369: I/TestRunner(698): finished: testSave(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:29.369: I/TestRunner(698): passed: testSave(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:29.380: I/TestRunner(698): started: testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:29.390: I/TestRunner(698): finished: testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)
06-02 14:45:29.390: I/TestRunner(698): passed: testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly(cn.lynn.testing.PersonServiceTest)

06-02 14:40:09.460: I/TestRunner(635): started: testOutLog1(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:09.589: I/TestRunner(635): finished: testOutLog1(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:09.589: I/TestRunner(635): passed: testOutLog1(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:09.644: I/TestRunner(635): started: testOutLog2(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:09.650: I/TestRunner(635): finished: testOutLog2(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:09.659: I/TestRunner(635): passed: testOutLog2(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:09.699: I/TestRunner(635): started: testOutLog3(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:09.839: I/TestRunner(635): finished: testOutLog3(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:09.839: I/TestRunner(635): passed: testOutLog3(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:09.893: I/TestRunner(635): started: testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:09.900: I/TestRunner(635): finished: testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:09.900: I/TestRunner(635): passed: testAndroidTestCaseSetupProperly(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:14.709: I/TestRunner(650): started: testOutLog1(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:14.841: I/LogTest(650): www.csdn.cn
06-02 14:40:14.841: I/TestRunner(650): finished: testOutLog1(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:14.893: I/TestRunner(650): passed: testOutLog1(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)
06-02 14:40:14.900: I/TestRunner(650): started: testOutLog2(cn.lynn.testing.LogTest)