javax.imageio.IIOException: Can't create output stream! (生成验证码Servlet)

在  web.xml里面加入 下面的代码：

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>validatecode</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>webapp.servlet.ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
   
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>validatecode</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/images/validatecode.jpeg</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

servlet类：

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import webapp.auth.SessionUtil;     //项目使用自己编写的session处理类

/**
 * 验证码生成servlet
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class ValidateCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {

    /**
     *
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
   
    int w = 60;
    int h = 20;
    int fh = 10;
    int cy = 0;
    int x = 1;
    int cc = 4;

    char[] cs = { 'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q'
            ,'R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6',
            '7', '8', '9'
            };

    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, java.io.IOException {

        x = w / (cc + 1);
        fh = h - 2;
        cy = h - 4;

        // image buffer
        BufferedImage buffImg = new BufferedImage(w, h,
                BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics2D g = buffImg.createGraphics();

        Random random = new Random();

        // fill image with white color
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);

        // create font
        Font font = new Font("Fixedsys", Font.PLAIN | Font.BOLD, fh);
        // set font
        g.setFont(font);

        g.setColor(Color.blue);
        g.drawRect(0, 0, w - 1, h - 1);

        // draw 200 radom line
        g.setColor(Color.gray);
        for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
            int x1 = random.nextInt(w);
            int y1 = random.nextInt(h);
            int x2 = random.nextInt(12);
            int y2 = random.nextInt(12);
            g.drawLine(x1, y1, x1 + x2, y1 + y2);
        }
        // draw radom code
        StringBuffer randomCode = new StringBuffer();
        int red = 0, green = 0, blue = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < cc; i++) {
            String strRand = String.valueOf(cs[random.nextInt(cs.length - 1)]);
            red = random.nextInt(120);
            green = random.nextInt(60);
            blue = random.nextInt(200);
            g.setColor(new Color(red, green, blue));
            g.drawString(strRand, (i + 1) * x - 6, cy);
            randomCode.append(strRand);
        }
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        SessionUtil.set(req, SessionUtil.VALIDATE_CODE_KEY, randomCode
                .toString());
        resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        resp.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        ServletOutputStream sos = resp.getOutputStream();
        ImageIO.write(buffImg, "jpeg", sos);
        sos.close();
    }
}

javax.imageio.IIOException: Can't create output stream! 

javax.imageio.ImageIO.write(ImageIO.java:1521) 

网上搜此问题，有说法是与JDK有关，并给出解决方案：

把

ImageIO.write(image, "jpeg", response.getOutputStream());

修改为

JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(response.getOutputStream());

encoder.encode(image); 

//jsp上要增加com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec,com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder这些类的import

经验证，是可以解决问题的。

但是。。。，原因怎会是JDK？我这个环境几分钟前还是正常的，中间没有安装过JDK或者修改环境变量

检查tomcat的日志，终于真相大白：

javax.imageio.IIOException: Can't create output stream!

 at javax.imageio.ImageIO.write(ImageIO.java:1521)

Caused by: javax.imageio.IIOException: Can't create cache file!

 at javax.imageio.ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(ImageIO.java:395)

 at javax.imageio.ImageIO.write(ImageIO.java:1519)

 ... 34 more
Caused by: java.io.IOException: 系统找不到指定的路径。

原来是ImageIO.write(image, "jpeg", response.getOutputStream());

需要写缓冲文件，但是写文件不成功。

回忆几分钟前的操作，可能是删除了tomcat的temp目录。

手动创建temp目录，问题解决！

当然也可以用以下方式解决

ImageIO.write(image, "jpeg", response.getOutputStream());

修改为

JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(response.getOutputStream());
encoder.encode(image);