Nginx的https配置记录以及http强制跳转到https的方法梳理

一、Nginx安装（略）
安装的时候需要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module，因为http_ssl_module不属于Nginx的基本模块。
Nginx安装方法：

1 2	# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module # make && make install

二、生成证书(略)
可以使用openssl生成证书：
比如生成如下两个证书文件（假设存放路径为/usr/local/nginx/cert/）：
wangshibo.crt
wangshibo.key

三、修改Nginx配置
server {
          listen 443;
          server_name www.wangshibo.com;
          root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;

          ssl on;
          ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;
          ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;
          ssl_session_timeout 5m;
          ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
          ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;                                            //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
          ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

          access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;
          error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;

         if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) {           //对访问的来源ip做白名单限制
                rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;
         }

         location ~ .php$ {
              fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
              fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
              fastcgi_index index.php;
              fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
             #include fastcgi_params;
             include fastcgi.conf;
         }
}

例如将所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。

    下面配置均可以实现：

 

配置1：

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

   

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

     

    rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;        //这是ngixn早前的写法，现在还可以使用。

  

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

 

-------------------------------------------------------

上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;

也可以改为下面

rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent;

或者

rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;

-------------------------------------------------------

 

配置2：

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

   

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

 

    return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      //这是nginx最新支持的写法

  

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

 

 

配置3：这种方式适用于多域名的时候，即访问wangshibo.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

   

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

     

    if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {

    rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;

    }

  

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

 

 

配置4：下面是最简单的一种配置

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

   

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

     

    if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {

       rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;

    }

 

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

---------------二、采用nginx的497状态码---------------------

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS  解释：当网站只允许https访问时，当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码    思路： 利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com这个域名上   配置实例： 如下访问dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都会被强制跳转到https server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args;         location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }     也可以将80和443的配置放在一起： server {      listen       127.0.0.1:443;  #ssl端口      listen       127.0.0.1:80;   #用户习惯用http访问，加上80，后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口      server_name  dev.wangshibo.com;      #为一个server{......}开启ssl支持      ssl                  on;      #指定PEM格式的证书文件       ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;       #指定PEM格式的私钥文件      ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key;              #让http请求重定向到https请求       error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args;        location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }

---------------三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https---------------------

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源，可以借鉴百度使用的方法：巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用，将http跳转到https 可以基于http://dev.wangshibo.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html，内容就是http向https的跳转   将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内 [root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html <html>  <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/">  </html>   [root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           #将404的页面重定向到https的首页      error_page  404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;          location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;              index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面是nginx反代tomcat，并且http强制跳转至https。
访问http://zrx.wangshibo.com和访问http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/结果是一样的

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf server {     listen 80;     server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;          access_log  logs/access.log;     error_log   logs/error.log;        return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;                location ~ / {     root /data/nginx/html;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }     [root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf upstream tomcat8 {     server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; }   server {    listen 443;    server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;    ssl on;      ### SSL log files ###    access_log logs/ssl-access.log;    error_log logs/ssl-error.log;   ### SSL cert files ###    ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer;         ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key;      ssl_session_timeout 5m;      location / {    proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/;                                         proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;    proxy_set_header Host $host;    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;    proxy_redirect off; } }

---------------四、通过proxy_redirec方式---------------------

1 2 3

解决办法： # re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home proxy_redirect http:// https://;