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  • iOS设计模式 —— KVC

     

    刨根问底KVC

    KVC 全称 key valued coding 键值编码

    反射机制是在运行状态中,对于任意一个类,都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法;对于任意一个对象,都能够调用它的任意一个方法和属性.JAVA,C#都有这个机制。ObjC也有,所以你根部不必进行任何操作就可以进行属性的动态读写,就是KVC。

    KVC的操作方法由NSKeyValueCoding提供,而他是NSObject的类别,也就是说ObjC中几乎所有的对象都支持KVC操作。

    Person.h

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    @interface Person : NSObject
    {
    int weight;
    }
    @property(nonatomic,readonly,copy) NSString *name;
    @property(nonatomic,readonly, assign) int age;
    @property(nonatomic,strong) Dog * dog;
    @property(nonatomic,assign) id ID;

    -(instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;

    @end

    Person.m

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    @implementation Person
    {
    int _height;
    }

    -(instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict
    {
    if (self=[super init])
    {
    //字典转模型的常用语句
    [self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
    }
    return self;
    }

    //当key的值是没有定义时,设置会执行的方法
    - (void)setValue:(id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key {

    if ([key isEqualToString:@"id"])
    {
    self.ID = value;
    }
    }


    //当key的值是没有定义时,取值时执行的方法
    - (id)valueForUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key {

    if ([key isEqualToString:@"id"]) {
    return self.ID;
    }
    return [NSNull null];
    }

    main.m

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    Person * p1 = [[Person alloc]init];
    Dog * d1 = [[Dog alloc] init];
    p1.dog = d1;

    //setValue:属性值 forKey:属性名(用于简单路径)
    //使用KVC间接修改对象属性时,系统会自动判断对象属性的类型,并完成转换。如该程序中的“170”.
    [p1 setValue:@"170" forKey:@"height"];
    [p1 setValue:@"70" forKey:@"weight"];
    [p1 setValue:@"1" forKey:@"id"];

    //setValue:属性值 forKeyPath:属性路径(用于复合路径)
    //用KVC取一个嵌套层次很深的路径的时候,只要给它一个路径就能把想要的属性给拿出来。(.可以理解为路径。一直一直进入)。能够帮助我们很方便的编码。
    [p1 setValue:@"dahuan" forKeyPath:@"dog.name"];

    //valueForKey:属性名 、valueForKeyPath:属性名(用于复合路径)
    NSLog(@"height = %d weight = %d id = %@ dog.name = %@" ,[[p1 valueForKey:@"height"] intValue],[[p1 valueForKey:@"weight"] intValue],[p1 valueForKey:@"id"],[p1 valueForKeyPath:@"dog.name"]);

    log日志:height = 170 weight = 70 id = 11111 dog.name = dahuan
    所有的属性都可以赋值成功


    NSDictionary * dict = @{@"height":@"160",
    @"weight":@"60",
    @"id":@"11101"
    };

    Person * p2 = [[Person alloc] initWithDict:dict];

    NSLog(@"height = %d weight = %d id = %@",[[p2 valueForKey:@"height"] intValue],[[p2 valueForKey:@"weight"] intValue],[p2 valueForKey:@"id"]);

    log日志:height = 160 weight = 60 id = 11101
    所有的属性都可以赋值成功

    KVC查找属性的顺序

    1. 用@property定义的属性的key值
    2. setter方法的key值
    3. 直接访问成员变量,先找key,如果找不到,再找_key
    4. 以上三种都未找到就会调用- (void)setValue:(id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key 方法。
    5. 如果没有重写setValue:forUndefinedKey程序会马上崩溃。

    注意:KVC可以访问成员变量,无论是否提供getter/setter方法,无论可见性是怎样,是否有readonly修饰。

    setValue:forUndefinedKey与valueForUndefinedKey的应用

    KVC的主要用途无非是ORM映射,就是将dictionary转换成model,但有些服务器返回的字段有可能是oc的关键字比如‘id’,’description’等。如上代码举得id的例子,我们无法让@property后面key值为id,于是使用大写的ID代替,KVC是区分大小写的我们不用担心。这时我们只需在setValue:forUndefinedKey把id的key值赋值给ID的key值,就可以避免关键字的尴尬。

    KVC的逆向使用

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    Person * p1 = [[Person alloc]init];
    [p1 setValue:@"170" forKey:@"height"];
    [p1 setValue:@"70" forKey:@"weight"];
    [p1 setValue:@"11111" forKey:@"id"];


    NSArray * arr = @[@"height",@"weight",@"id"];
    NSDictionary * dict = [p1 dictionaryWithValuesForKeys:arr];
    NSLog(@"%@",dict);

    log日志:
    {
    height = 170;
    id = 11111;
    weight = 70;
    }

    NSArray/NSSet等都支持KVC

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    Person * p1 = [[Person alloc]init];
    Dog * d1 = [[Dog alloc] init];
    d1.name = @"iPhone";
    p1.dog = d1;

    Person * p2 = [[Person alloc]init];
    Dog * d2 = [[Dog alloc] init];
    d2.name = @"ios";
    p2.dog = d2;

    NSArray *persons=@[p1,p2];

    NSArray *arrayM=[persons valueForKeyPath:@"dog.name"];
    NSLog(@"%@",arrayM);

    log日志:
    (
    iPhone,
    ios
    )

    KVC计算

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    Person * person = [[Person alloc] init];

    NSMutableArray * books = [NSMutableArray array];
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    Book * book = [[Book alloc] init];
    book.price = i;
    [books addObject:book];
    }

    person.books = books;

    NSNumber *bookCount = [person valueForKeyPath:@"books.@count"];
    NSLog(@"book count :%@", bookCount);

    NSNumber *sum = [person valueForKeyPath:@"books.@sum.price"];
    NSLog(@"sum :%@", sum);

    NSNumber *avg = [person valueForKeyPath:@"books.@avg.price"];
    NSLog(@"vag :%@", avg);

    NSNumber *min = [person valueForKeyPath:@"books.@min.price"];
    NSLog(@"min :%@", min);

    NSNumber *max = [person valueForKeyPath:@"books.@max.price"];
    NSLog(@"max :%@", max);

    KVC底层实现

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    比如说如下的一行KVC的代码:

    [person setValue:@"dahuan" forKey:@"name"];

    就会被编译器处理成:

    SEL sel = sel_get_uid ("setValue:forKey:");
    IMP method = objc_msg_lookup (person->isa,sel);
    method(person, sel, @"dahuan", @"name");

    KVC与runtime应用

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    #import "MyModel.h"
    #import <objc/runtime.h>

    @implementation MyModel

    //解档
    - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)decoder
    {
    if (self = [super init]) {
    unsigned int count = 0;
    //获取类中所有成员变量名
    Ivar *ivar = class_copyIvarList([MyModel class], &count);
    for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {
    Ivar iva = ivar[i];
    const char *name = ivar_getName(iva);
    NSString *strName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
    //进行解档取值
    id value = [decoder decodeObjectForKey:strName];
    //利用KVC对属性赋值
    [self setValue:value forKey:strName];
    }
    free(ivar);
    }
    return self;
    }

    //归档
    - (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)encoder
    {
    unsigned int count;
    Ivar *ivar = class_copyIvarList([MyModel class], &count);
    for (int i=0; i<count; i++) {
    Ivar iv = ivar[i];
    const char *name = ivar_getName(iv);
    NSString *strName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
    //利用KVC取值
    id value = [self valueForKey:strName];
    [encoder encodeObject:value forKey:strName];
    }
    free(ivar);
    }
    @end

    最后附苹果KVC官方文档:

    https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/General/Conceptual/DevPedia-CocoaCore/KeyValueCoding.html

    另外.....

    我的愿望是.......

    世界和平.........

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ioshe/p/5937946.html
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