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在实际工作中,需要对shell脚本进行正确性测试。
如何用最快最有效的方式进行测试?
很多开发的习惯是,二话不说,写完/拿到,就跑一把,看看输入,输出,想要的操作是否完成,也就过了。
其实这是十分不严谨的,若是未经过QA,风险还是相当大的。
以下即shell脚本测试流程,仅供参考
1.代码走读:
写完,或者拿到一个shell脚本,不必急于运行,虽然实践是检验整理的唯一标准,但是,在读代码这个过程中,可以规避很多低级的bug.
读什么?
A.代码逻辑,这个脚本用来做什么,主要分为多少步,分别做了什么事情?
用于检查是否有遗漏逻辑,或有悖于需求。
B.具体语法,变量,判断语句
语法方面的东西,变量是否定义,判断语句逻辑是否正确,是否考虑各种异常,错误是否退出,返回正确状态值等。
2.语法检测:
shell的语法还是相当让人无语的,很多很容易疏忽遗漏的地方
命令格式: sh -n ***.sh
若是没有异常输出,证明脚本没有明显的语法问题。
3.运行跟踪:
实践是检验整理的唯一标准,跑一把。
不过,可不是直接运行然后去看最终结果,这样会遗漏掉很多中间过程。
命令格式: sh -vx ***.sh
得到效果如下:
我们可以看到
每行代码原始命令(无+的):[这是-v的效果]
代码执行时的情况(带+),包括运算结果,逻辑判断结果,变量赋值等等[-x的效果]
而我们所要关注的就是这些信息,主要是变量值和逻辑判断结果。
4.覆盖分支:
直接跑,只能覆盖到主体流程,对于其他控制流分支的代码是无法覆盖到的。
对于关键性的,重点的逻辑,我们需要制造条件,使运行脚本可以进入对应分支
5.其他:
A.关于bashdb:
可以尝试下,但是感觉投入产出比不高
B.关于单元测试:
实际工作中,由于项目压力比较大,单元测试的成本还是相当高的,所以目前为止没有。
6.有没有更好的方式?
好吧,单步跟踪,脚本短的还好,日志信息不会太多,要是多了,存在调用其他脚本等等.....
日志量达到几千行,这是很轻易的事情。
跟踪过的童鞋有同感,展现不够友好,惨白惨白一片,一千行下来,看的眼花。
很容易遗漏(LZ被坑了好多回,你看,或不看......错误信息明明就在那里,就是视而不见)
So.进行了一层优化,对日志进行处理,使用正则,标注我关心的信息
效果图对比:
处理后:(对错误,关键信息进行颜色标记,在linux终端可以显示)
脚本是用python实现的,位置:https://github.com/wklken/pytools/tree/master/shell
思想是:执行,抓到所有日志,用正则进行匹配,打上颜色,然后输出
欢迎一起优化,使之功能更完善
代码:
#!/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 -*- #@Author: wklken #@Mail: wklken@yeah.net ,lingyue.wkl@taobao.com #@Date: 20120706 #@Version: 0.1 sh -n, check for static syntax # 0.2 sh -vx, color the output log which i care about # 0.2.1 rebuild all functions , lines 200+ -> 120 # 0.2.2 refine the re pattern. # 0.2.3 add sh params support. fix bug and add re patterns # 0.2.5 add warn/error pattern and collect the result # 0.2.6 use decorator to refine print, refine collect method #@Desc: Quick test shell script.The target is hacking into it and get all the status i need. #TODO: need to keep source code in 200 lines! refine! import sys,os import commands import re #color defined COLOR_NONE = "C_NONE" COLOR_GREEN = "C_G" COLOR_RED = "C_R" COLOR_YELLOW = "C_Y" COLOR_PURPLE = "C_P" COLOR_BLUE = "C_B" COLOR_MAP = {COLOR_NONE : "\033[m", COLOR_GREEN : "\033[01;32m", COLOR_RED : "\033[01;31m", COLOR_YELLOW : "\033[01;33m", COLOR_PURPLE : "\033[01;35m", COLOR_BLUE : "\033[01;34m", None:"\033[m" } #the command used defined SH_N = "sh -n " SH_X = "sh -vx " LOG_BEGIN = "export PS4='+${BASH_SOURCE}|${LINENO}|${FUNCNAME[0]} -> ';" LOG_BEGIN = "" #the type of output log line LINE_TYPE_CMD = "CMD" LINE_TYPE_EXC = "EXC" LINE_TYPE_CMT = "CMT" CMD_Y = COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_YELLOW) + "CMD: " + COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_NONE) #----------pattern used to match begin ----------------------------- #0. special PATTERN_ADDSIGN = re.compile("(^\++)") #1. execute command log match pattern exc_mark_pattern = [(r"([\[\]])", COLOR_YELLOW), #for condition testing must be the first one (r"(([12]\d{3})(1[12]|0[1-9])(0[1-9]|1\d|2\d|3[01]))",COLOR_PURPLE), #date yyyyMMDD (r"(tbsc-dev)", COLOR_RED), # path: tbsc-dev (r"([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*=[\s|\"\"]*)$",COLOR_RED), # params=None (r"(exit\s+-?\d*|return\s+-?\d*)",COLOR_BLUE), #exit status (r"(\s(\-[acbdefgnorsuwxzL]|\-(lt|le|gt|ge|eq|ne))\s)", COLOR_YELLOW), (r"((\s(=|==|<=|>=|\+=|<|>|'!='|\&\&)\s)|'!')", COLOR_YELLOW), (r"(\s(\-input|\-output|\-i|\-o)\s)", COLOR_YELLOW), ] EXC_MARK_PATTERN = [(re.compile(s),color) for s,color in exc_mark_pattern] #2. error/warn result log match pattern # 100% error error_mark_pattern = [(r"(No such file or directory|command not found|unknown option|invalid option)",COLOR_RED), #result -> file not found (r"(unary operator expected)",COLOR_RED), # test failed (r"(Permission denied)",COLOR_RED), (r"(syntax error|unexpected|read error)",COLOR_RED), (r"(java.io.FileNotFoundException|org.apache.hadoop.mapred.InvalidInputException|java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException)", COLOR_RED),#javaerror ] ERROR_MARK_PATTERN = [(re.compile(s),color) for s,color in error_mark_pattern] # may be not error ,just warn,notice warn_mark_pattern = [] WARN_MARK_PATTERN = [(re.compile(s),color) for s,color in warn_mark_pattern] #3. command log match pattern cmd_mark_pattern = error_mark_pattern + warn_mark_pattern + \ [ (r"(line \d+)", COLOR_RED), #error report the line No (r"(\$(\{\w+\}))", COLOR_PURPLE), (r"(\.\.)",COLOR_PURPLE), #相对路径 (r"((?<!-)\b(\w+)\b=)", COLOR_YELLOW), (r"(\$(\w+))", COLOR_PURPLE), #变量名 (r"(\w+\.sh\s*)", COLOR_GREEN), #*.sh (r"(`)", COLOR_GREEN), # `` (r"(\s?\w+\s*\(\))", COLOR_GREEN), #function() (r"(\{\s*$|^\}\s*$)", COLOR_GREEN), # function {} (r"(^export\s|^source\s)", COLOR_YELLOW), (r"(\|)", COLOR_GREEN), (r"(<<|>>|<|>)", COLOR_YELLOW), ] CMD_MARK_PATTERN = [(re.compile(s),color) for s,color in cmd_mark_pattern] #----------pattern used to match end ----------------------------- #static params defined error_lines = [] #functions begin def str_coloring(str_info, color=COLOR_NONE): """color str""" return COLOR_MAP.get(color, COLOR_MAP.get(None)) + str_info + COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_NONE) def print_symbol(str_info): """print the symbol""" print "-"*20 + str_info + "-"*20 def wrap_print_func(arg): """wrap func, print begin and end sign""" def newfunc(func): def newfunc_withparams(*args, **kwargs): print_symbol(arg+" BEGIN") func(*args, **kwargs) print_symbol(arg+" END") return newfunc_withparams return newfunc @wrap_print_func("STATIC SYNTAX") def static_syntax_check(file_path): """Check the static syntax""" cmd = SH_N + file_path result = commands.getoutput(cmd) if result: print "script syntax check:"+str_coloring(" FAILED", COLOR_RED) print str_coloring(result,COLOR_RED) else: print "script syntax check:"+str_coloring(" PASS", COLOR_GREEN) def pre_handler(result): """pre handle the result lines """ pass @wrap_print_func("PROCESS LOG CHECK") def dynamic_log_process(file_path, params): """Process the log of sh script""" cmd = LOG_BEGIN + SH_X + file_path + " " + params result = commands.getoutput(cmd) pre_handler(result) process_line(result) def cmd_type(line): """return the type of line,and can do something with it""" if line.startswith("+"): return LINE_TYPE_EXC,line elif line.lstrip().startswith("#"): return LINE_TYPE_CMT,line else: #return LINE_TYPE_CMD, CMD_Y + line return LINE_TYPE_CMD,line def mark_sign_by_pattern(line, line_type=LINE_TYPE_EXC): """mark the str by pattern""" #can't use in py2.4,ni mei a #use_pattern = EXC_MARK_PATTERN if line_type == LINE_TYPE_EXC else CMD_MARK_PATTERN if line_type == LINE_TYPE_EXC: use_pattern = EXC_MARK_PATTERN else: use_pattern = CMD_MARK_PATTERN native_line = line for pt,color in use_pattern: m = pt.findall(line) if m: line = pt.sub( COLOR_MAP.get(color)+r"\1"+COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_NONE), line) for pt,color in ERROR_MARK_PATTERN: e = pt.findall(native_line) if e: error_lines.append(line) return line def process_line(result): """format each line.With the pattern""" lines = result.split("\n") for line in lines: line_type, line = cmd_type(line) if line_type == LINE_TYPE_EXC: result = mark_sign_by_pattern(line, line_type) print PATTERN_ADDSIGN.sub(COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_GREEN)+r"\1"+COLOR_MAP.get(COLOR_NONE),result) elif line_type == LINE_TYPE_CMD: print mark_sign_by_pattern(line, line_type) elif line_type == LINE_TYPE_CMT: print line @wrap_print_func("RESULT COLLECT") def warn_error_collect(collect_list, collect_type="ERROR"): print str_coloring("RESULT TYPE: " + collect_type, COLOR_GREEN) if len(collect_list): print str_coloring(collect_type+" FOUND: ", COLOR_RED) + str_coloring(str(len(collect_list)), COLOR_YELLOW) for line in collect_list: print line else: print str_coloring("NO " + collect_type + " FOUND", COLOR_GREEN) args = sys.argv[1:] sh_name = args[0] params = " ".join(args[1:]) static_syntax_check(sh_name) dynamic_log_process(sh_name, params) warn_error_collect(error_lines, "ERROR")
好了,就这些
工具的实现是为了提高效率,节约时间。
The end!
wklken
Gighub: https://github.com/wklken
Blog: http://wklken.me/
2012-09-15
转载请注明出处,谢谢!