Spark任务调度流程及调度策略分析

Spark任务调度

TaskScheduler调度入口：

（1）CoarseGrainedSchedulerBackend 在启动时会创建DriverEndPoint. 而DriverEndPoint中存在一定时任务，每隔一定时间（spark.scheduler.revive.interval, 默认为1s）进行一次调度（给自身发送ReviveOffers消息， 进行调用makeOffers进行调度）。代码如下所示

override def onStart() {
      // Periodically revive offers to allow delay scheduling to work
      val reviveIntervalMs = conf.getTimeAsMs("spark.scheduler.revive.interval", "1s")

      reviveThread.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable {
        override def run(): Unit = Utils.tryLogNonFatalError {
          Option(self).foreach(_.send(ReviveOffers))
        }
      }, 0, reviveIntervalMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
    }

（2）当Executor执行完成已分配任务时，会向Driver发送StatusUpdate消息,当Driver接收到消息后会调用 makeOffers(executorId)方法，进行任务调度, CoarseGrainedExecutorBackend 状态变化时向Driver (DriverEndPoint)发送StatusUpdate消息

override def statusUpdate(taskId: Long, state: TaskState, data: ByteBuffer) {
    val msg = StatusUpdate(executorId, taskId, state, data)
    driver match {
      case Some(driverRef) => driverRef.send(msg)
      case None => logWarning(s"Drop $msg because has not yet connected to driver")
    }
  }

Dirver接收到StatusUpdate消息时将会触发设调度（makeOffers）,为完成任务的Executor分配任务。

override def receive: PartialFunction[Any, Unit] = {
      case StatusUpdate(executorId, taskId, state, data) =>
        scheduler.statusUpdate(taskId, state, data.value)
        if (TaskState.isFinished(state)) {
          executorDataMap.get(executorId) match {
            case Some(executorInfo) =>
              executorInfo.freeCores += scheduler.CPUS_PER_TASK
              makeOffers(executorId)
            case None =>
              // Ignoring the update since we don't know about the executor.
              logWarning(s"Ignored task status update ($taskId state $state) " +
                s"from unknown executor with ID $executorId")
          }
        }

      case ReviveOffers =>
        makeOffers()

      case KillTask(taskId, executorId, interruptThread) =>
        executorDataMap.get(executorId) match {
          case Some(executorInfo) =>
            executorInfo.executorEndpoint.send(KillTask(taskId, executorId, interruptThread))
          case None =>
            // Ignoring the task kill since the executor is not registered.
            logWarning(s"Attempted to kill task $taskId for unknown executor $executorId.")
        }

    }

其中makeOffers方法，会调用TaskSchedulerImpl中的resourceOffers方法，依其调度策略为Executor分配适合的任务。具体代码如下：

a、为所有资源分配任务

// Make fake resource offers on all executors
    private def makeOffers() {
      // Filter out executors under killing
      val activeExecutors = executorDataMap.filterKeys(!executorsPendingToRemove.contains(_))
      val workOffers = activeExecutors.map { case (id, executorData) =>
        new WorkerOffer(id, executorData.executorHost, executorData.freeCores)
      }.toSeq
      launchTasks(scheduler.resourceOffers(workOffers))
    }

b、为单个executor分配任务

// Make fake resource offers on just one executor
    private def makeOffers(executorId: String) {
      // Filter out executors under killing
      if (!executorsPendingToRemove.contains(executorId)) {
        val executorData = executorDataMap(executorId)
        val workOffers = Seq(
          new WorkerOffer(executorId, executorData.executorHost, executorData.freeCores))
        launchTasks(scheduler.resourceOffers(workOffers))
      }
    }

分配完任务后，向Executor发送LaunchTask指令，启动任务，执行用户逻辑代码

// Launch tasks returned by a set of resource offers
    private def launchTasks(tasks: Seq[Seq[TaskDescription]]) {
      for (task <- tasks.flatten) {
        val serializedTask = ser.serialize(task)
        if (serializedTask.limit >= akkaFrameSize - AkkaUtils.reservedSizeBytes) {
          scheduler.taskIdToTaskSetManager.get(task.taskId).foreach { taskSetMgr =>
            try {
              var msg = "Serialized task %s:%d was %d bytes, which exceeds max allowed: " +
                "spark.akka.frameSize (%d bytes) - reserved (%d bytes). Consider increasing " +
                "spark.akka.frameSize or using broadcast variables for large values."
              msg = msg.format(task.taskId, task.index, serializedTask.limit, akkaFrameSize,
                AkkaUtils.reservedSizeBytes)
              taskSetMgr.abort(msg)
            } catch {
              case e: Exception => logError("Exception in error callback", e)
            }
          }
        }
        else {
          val executorData = executorDataMap(task.executorId)
          executorData.freeCores -= scheduler.CPUS_PER_TASK
          executorData.executorEndpoint.send(LaunchTask(new SerializableBuffer(serializedTask)))
        }
      }
    }

Spark任务调度策略

1、FIFO

FIFO(先进先出)方式调度Job，如下图所示，每个Job被切分成多个Stage.第一个Job优先获取所有可用资源，接下来第二个Job再获取剩余可用资源。（每个Stage对应一个TaskSetManager）

2、FAIR

FAIR共享模式调度下，Spark以在多Job之间轮询方式为任务分配资源，所有的任务拥有大致相当的优先级来共享集群的资源。FAIR调度模型如下图：

下面从源码的角度对调度策略进行说明:

当触发调度时，会调用TaskSchedulerImpl的resourceOffers方法，方法中会依照调度策略选出要执行的TaskSet, 然后取出适合(考虑本地性)的task交由Executor执行， 其代码如下：

/**
   * Called by cluster manager to offer resources on slaves. We respond by asking our active task
   * sets for tasks in order of priority. We fill each node with tasks in a round-robin manner so
   * that tasks are balanced across the cluster.
   */
  def resourceOffers(offers: Seq[WorkerOffer]): Seq[Seq[TaskDescription]] = synchronized {
    // Mark each slave as alive and remember its hostname
    // Also track if new executor is added
    var newExecAvail = false
    for (o <- offers) {
      executorIdToHost(o.executorId) = o.host
      activeExecutorIds += o.executorId
      if (!executorsByHost.contains(o.host)) {
        executorsByHost(o.host) = new HashSet[String]()
        executorAdded(o.executorId, o.host)
        newExecAvail = true
      }
      for (rack <- getRackForHost(o.host)) {
        hostsByRack.getOrElseUpdate(rack, new HashSet[String]()) += o.host
      }
    }

    // Randomly shuffle offers to avoid always placing tasks on the same set of workers.
    val shuffledOffers = Random.shuffle(offers)
    // Build a list of tasks to assign to each worker.
    val tasks = shuffledOffers.map(o => new ArrayBuffer[TaskDescription](o.cores))
    val availableCpus = shuffledOffers.map(o => o.cores).toArray
    val sortedTaskSets = rootPool.getSortedTaskSetQueue
    for (taskSet <- sortedTaskSets) {
      logDebug("parentName: %s, name: %s, runningTasks: %s".format(
        taskSet.parent.name, taskSet.name, taskSet.runningTasks))
      if (newExecAvail) {
        taskSet.executorAdded()
      }
    }

    // Take each TaskSet in our scheduling order, and then offer it each node in increasing order
    // of locality levels so that it gets a chance to launch local tasks on all of them.
    // NOTE: the preferredLocality order: PROCESS_LOCAL, NODE_LOCAL, NO_PREF, RACK_LOCAL, ANY
    var launchedTask = false
    for (taskSet <- sortedTaskSets; maxLocality <- taskSet.myLocalityLevels) {
      do {
        launchedTask = resourceOfferSingleTaskSet(
            taskSet, maxLocality, shuffledOffers, availableCpus, tasks)
      } while (launchedTask)
    }

    if (tasks.size > 0) {
      hasLaunchedTask = true
    }
    return tasks
  }

经过分析可知，通过rootPool.getSortedTaskSetQueue对队列中的TaskSet进行排序，getSortedTaskSetQueue的具体实现如下：

override def getSortedTaskSetQueue: ArrayBuffer[TaskSetManager] = {
    var sortedTaskSetQueue = new ArrayBuffer[TaskSetManager]
    val sortedSchedulableQueue =
      schedulableQueue.asScala.toSeq.sortWith(taskSetSchedulingAlgorithm.comparator)
    for (schedulable <- sortedSchedulableQueue) {
      sortedTaskSetQueue ++= schedulable.getSortedTaskSetQueue
    }
    sortedTaskSetQueue
  }

由上述代码可知，其通过算法做为比较器对taskSet进行排序， 其中调度算法有FIFO和FAIR两种，下面分别进行介绍。

FIFO

         优先级（Priority）： 在DAGscheduler创建TaskSet时使用JobId做为优先级的值。

　FIFO调度算法实现如下所示

private[spark] class FIFOSchedulingAlgorithm extends SchedulingAlgorithm {
  override def comparator(s1: Schedulable, s2: Schedulable): Boolean = {
    val priority1 = s1.priority
    val priority2 = s2.priority
    var res = math.signum(priority1 - priority2)
    if (res == 0) {
      val stageId1 = s1.stageId
      val stageId2 = s2.stageId
      res = math.signum(stageId1 - stageId2)
    }
    if (res < 0) {
      true
    } else {
      false
    }
  }
}

 由源码可知，FIFO依据JobId进行挑选较小值。因为越早提交的作业，JobId越小。

对同一个作业(Job)来说越先生成的Stage,其StageId越小，有依赖关系的多个Stage之间，DAGScheduler会控制Stage是否会被提交到调度队列中（若其依赖的Stage未执行完前，此Stage不会被提交），其调度顺序可通过此来保证。但若某Job中有两个无入度的Stage的话，则先调度StageId小的Stage.

Fair

    Fair调度队列相比FIFO较复杂，其可存在多个调度队列，且队列呈树型结构(现阶段Spark的Fair调度只支持两层树结构)，每用户可以使用sc.setLocalProperty(“spark.scheduler.pool”, “poolName”)来指定要加入的队列，默认情况下会加入到buildDefaultPool。每个队列中还可指定自己内部的调度策略，且Fair还存在一些特殊的属性：

schedulingMode: 设置调度池的调度模式FIFO或FAIR, 默认为FIFO.

minShare：最少资源保证量，当一个队列最少资源未满足时，它将优先于其它同级队列获取资源。

weight: 在一个队列内部分配资源时，默认情况下，采用公平轮询的方法将资源分配给各个应用程序，而该参数则将打破这种平衡。例如，如果用户配置一个指定调度池权重为2， 那么这个调度池将会获得相对于权重为1的调度池2倍的资源。

以上参数，可通过conf/fairscheduler.xml文件配置调度池的属性。

Fair调度算法实现如下所示：

private[spark] class FairSchedulingAlgorithm extends SchedulingAlgorithm {
  override def comparator(s1: Schedulable, s2: Schedulable): Boolean = {
    val minShare1 = s1.minShare
    val minShare2 = s2.minShare
    val runningTasks1 = s1.runningTasks
    val runningTasks2 = s2.runningTasks
    val s1Needy = runningTasks1 < minShare1
    val s2Needy = runningTasks2 < minShare2
    val minShareRatio1 = runningTasks1.toDouble / math.max(minShare1, 1.0).toDouble
    val minShareRatio2 = runningTasks2.toDouble / math.max(minShare2, 1.0).toDouble
    val taskToWeightRatio1 = runningTasks1.toDouble / s1.weight.toDouble
    val taskToWeightRatio2 = runningTasks2.toDouble / s2.weight.toDouble
    var compare: Int = 0

    if (s1Needy && !s2Needy) {
      return true
    } else if (!s1Needy && s2Needy) {
      return false
    } else if (s1Needy && s2Needy) {
      compare = minShareRatio1.compareTo(minShareRatio2)
    } else {
      compare = taskToWeightRatio1.compareTo(taskToWeightRatio2)
    }

    if (compare < 0) {
      true
    } else if (compare > 0) {
      false
    } else {
      s1.name < s2.name
    }
  }
}

由原码可知，未满足minShare规定份额的资源的队列或任务集先执行；如果所有均不满足minShare的话，则选择缺失比率小的先调度；如果均不满足，则按执行权重比进行选择，先调度执行权重比小的。如果执行权重也相同的话则会选择StageId小的进行调度（name=“TaskSet_”+ taskSet.stageId.toString）。

以此为标准将所有TaskSet进行排序， 然后选出优先级最高的进行调度。

Spark 任务调度之任务本地性

　　当选出TaskSet后，将按本地性从中挑选适合Executor的任务，在Executor上执行。