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  • RHEL_高级磁盘管理（vdo、stratis）

    RHEL高级磁盘管理—VDO

    VDO简介

    • Virtual Data Optimizer 通过数据去重、压缩的方式来优化存储空间。
    • VDO层放置在现有块存储设备上，例如Raid设备、本地磁盘设备。
    • LVM 或文件系统 放置在VDO层之上，也可以将VDO放在LVM层之上
    • VDO工具需要用户手动安装，安装完成后即可使用vdo命令创建、添加、删除、激活、停止等操作

    VDO安装

    [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vdo

    vdo常用的选项

    1. vdo语法：vdo command
    2. command常用的参数：
    create              创建一个VDO卷及其关联索引使其可用。

remove              删除一个或多个已停止的VDO卷和相关卷索引。

modify              修改一个或所有VDO的配置参数卷。更改将在VDO下次运行时生效设备启动;已经运行的设备则不是受到影响。

list                显示已启动VDO卷的列表。如果,所有指定它同时显示已启动和未启动卷。

start               启动一个或多个已停止、激活的VDO卷相关的服务。

status              以YAML格式报告VDO系统和卷状态。但是，这个命令不需要root特权如果没有，信息将是不完整的。

stop                停止一个或多个正在运行的VDO卷和相关卷服务。

activate            激活一个或多个VDO卷。激活卷可以使用“开始”命令启动。

deactivate          使一个或多个VDO卷失效。停用不能通过“start”命令启动卷。停用当前正在运行的卷不会停止它。

growLogical         增加VDO卷的逻辑大小。卷必须存在并且必须正在运行。

growPhysical        增加VDO卷的物理大小。卷必须存在并且必须正在运行。

    使用vdo示例

    目标： 使用为分区的磁盘，创建名为vdoname的vdo卷，并挂载到/vdodir目录下，并且能开机自定挂载

    1. 查看已经存在的未分区的磁盘
    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda 
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda    8:0    0  80G  0 disk

    使用磁盘分区创建vdo卷（也可以使用整个未分区的磁盘创建分区，在分区上创建vdo卷；如果使用这种方法，首先要清除磁盘上的签名）

    1. 创建一个磁盘分区
    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda 

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-167772159, default 2048): 
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-167772159, default 167772159): +20G

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 20 GiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
    1. 查看该磁盘分区
    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk 
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda             8:0    0   80G  0 disk 
└─sda1          8:1    0   20G  0 part         //这是刚刚创建的磁盘分区
sr0            11:0    1  7.3G  0 rom  /mnt
nvme0n1       259:0    0   80G  0 disk 
├─nvme0n1p1   259:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2   259:2    0   79G  0 part 
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─rhel-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─rhel-home 253:2    0   27G  0 lvm  /home
    1. 在/dev/sda1上创建vdo卷（注意：创建的分区不需要格式化）
    [root@localhost ~]# vdo create --name=vdoname --device=/dev/sda1 --vdoLogicalSize=8G
Creating VDO vdoname
Starting VDO vdoname
Starting compression on VDO vdoname
VDO instance 2 volume is ready at /dev/mapper/vdoname
    1. 查看已经创建的vdo卷
    [root@localhost ~]# vdo list
vdoname

    或者使用lsblk查看

    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0  80G  0 disk 
└─sda1        8:1    0  20G  0 part 
  └─vdoname 253:3    0   8G  0 vdo
    1. 格式化vdo卷，格式化类型xfs
    [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vdoname 
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vdoname    isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=524288 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2097152, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
    1. 查看已经创建的vdo卷的属性
    [root@localhost ~]# vdostats --si
Device                    Size      Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/vdoname      21.5G      4.3G     17.2G  20%           99%

    或者使用blkid查看

    [root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/mapper/vdoname 
/dev/mapper/vdoname: UUID="e7bf09bb-1203-4eef-8837-cd802ef11ded" TYPE="xfs"
    1. 挂载vdo卷，挂载目录/vdodir
    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /vdodir
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vdoname /vdodir/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs               886M     0  886M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  903M     0  903M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  903M  8.6M  894M   1% /run
tmpfs                  903M     0  903M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   50G  2.2G   48G   5% /
/dev/mapper/rhel-home   27G  225M   27G   1% /home
/dev/nvme0n1p1        1014M  171M  844M  17% /boot
tmpfs                  181M     0  181M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0               7.4G  7.4G     0 100% /mnt
/dev/mapper/vdoname    8.0G   90M  8.0G   2% /vdodir         //已经挂载成功
    1. 查看挂载后的vdo卷的信息
    [root@localhost ~]# vdostats --si
Device                    Size      Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/vdoname      21.5G      4.3G     17.2G  20%           98%
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/mapper/vdoname 
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vdoname 253:3    0   8G  0 vdo  /vdodir
    1. 开机自动挂载vdo卷
    [root@localhost ~]# echo "/dev/mapper/vdoname    /vdodir      xfs     defaults  0 0" >> /etc/fstab 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab 
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Aug 26 03:25:38 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=234365dc-2262-452e-9cbb-a6acfde04385 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-home   /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/vdoname    /vdodir      xfs     defaults  0 0
    1. 删除一个vdo卷
    [root@localhost ~]# umount /vdodir/        //如果已经挂载，需要先卸载
[root@localhost ~]# vdo remove --name=vdoname
Removing VDO vdoname
Stopping VDO vdoname
[root@localhost ~]# vdo list

    或者使用lsblk查看

    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  80G  0 disk 
└─sda1   8:1    0  20G  0 part

    RHEL高级磁盘管理—Stratis

    Stratis简介

    • RHEL8.0本地存储管理工具
    • 通过Stratis可以便捷的使用精简配置（Thin Provisioning）、快照（Snapshots）、基于池（Pool-based）的管理和监控等高级存储功能
    • Stratis 基于xfs文件系统格式，创建filesystem后不需要格式化；例如：在pool池中创建file文件系统，则file文件系统的类型已经是xfs格式，不需要在去格式化
    • 守护进程：stratisd

    安装Stratisd服务

    [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y stratisd stratis-cli
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now stratisd

    使用Stratis的整体操作流程

    1. 选择完好的块设备（磁盘或者分区）
    2. 创建pool
    3. 在pool中创建文件系统（filesystem）

    使用Stratis创建pool示例

    1. 创建完好的磁盘分区
    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  80G  0 disk 
└─sda1   8:1    0  20G  0 part
    1. 创建pool前查看块设备是否存在签名认证，如果有则必须先清除块设备上的签名认证，才能继续使用
    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 80 GiB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4b000bc8

    Disklabel部分就是块设备的签名认证，需要清除该签名认证

    [root@localhost ~]# wipefs -a /dev/sda
/dev/sda: 2 bytes were erased at offset 0x000001fe (dos): 55 aa
/dev/sda: calling ioctl to re-read partition table: Success

    清除后，再次查看块设备的签名信息

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 80 GiB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    1. 创建pool池，一般是要求1G以上大小的块设备，才能创建pool池
    [root@localhost ~]# stratis pool create pool-one /dev/sda1       //pool-one是pool的名称；/dev/sda1是拿来使用的块设备
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
Name      Total Physical Size  Total Physical Used
pool-one               20 GiB               52 MiB
    1. 向已经存在的pool池中添加块设备
    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda2
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda2   8:2    0  20G  0 part 
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool add-data pool-one /dev/sda2
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
Name      Total Physical Size  Total Physical Used
pool-one               40 GiB               72 MiB       //容量比原来扩大了
    1. 同时将两块块设备添加到同一个pool池中
    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda3   8:3    0  10G  0 part 
sda4   8:4    0  20G  0 part 
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool create pool-two /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
Name      Total Physical Size  Total Physical Used
pool-one               40 GiB               72 MiB
pool-two               30 GiB               56 MiB
    1. 查看pool-one池和pool-two池中所使用的块设备
    [root@localhost ~]# stratis blockdev list pool-one
Pool Name  Device Node  Physical Size  State  Tier
pool-one   /dev/sda1           20 GiB  InUse  Data
pool-one   /dev/sda2           20 GiB  InUse  Data
[root@localhost ~]# stratis blockdev list pool-two
Pool Name  Device Node  Physical Size  State  Tier
pool-two   /dev/sda3           10 GiB  InUse  Data
pool-two   /dev/sda4           20 GiB  InUse  Data
    1. 查看pool-one池和pool-two池中块设备的信息
    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME                                                                      MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE    MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                         8:0    0  80G  0 disk    
├─sda1                                                                      8:1    0  20G  0 part    
│ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-physical-originsub 253:3    0  40G  0 stratis 
│   ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thinmeta    253:4    0  32M  0 stratis 
│   │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool  253:7    0  40G  0 stratis 
│   ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thindata    253:5    0  40G  0 stratis 
│   │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool  253:7    0  40G  0 stratis 
│   └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-mdv         253:6    0  16M  0 stratis 
├─sda2                                                                      8:2    0  20G  0 part    
│ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-physical-originsub 253:3    0  40G  0 stratis 
│   ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thinmeta    253:4    0  32M  0 stratis 
│   │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool  253:7    0  40G  0 stratis 
│   ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thindata    253:5    0  40G  0 stratis 
│   │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool  253:7    0  40G  0 stratis 
│   └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-mdv         253:6    0  16M  0 stratis 
├─sda3                                                                      8:3    0  10G  0 part    
│ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-physical-originsub 253:8    0  30G  0 stratis 
│   ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thinmeta    253:9    0  16M  0 stratis 
│   │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool  253:12   0  30G  0 stratis 
│   ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thindata    253:10   0  30G  0 stratis 
│   │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool  253:12   0  30G  0 stratis 
│   └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-mdv         253:11   0  16M  0 stratis 
└─sda4                                                                      8:4    0  20G  0 part    
  └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-physical-originsub 253:8    0  30G  0 stratis 
    ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thinmeta    253:9    0  16M  0 stratis 
    │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool  253:12   0  30G  0 stratis 
    ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thindata    253:10   0  30G  0 stratis 
    │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool  253:12   0  30G  0 stratis 
    └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-mdv         253:11   0  16M  0 stratis

    使用Stratis创建filesystem示例

    1. 在pool-one池中创建filesystem（一次只能创建一个filesystem）
    [root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem create pool-one file-one      //pool-one是pool的名称；file-one是filesystem的名称
[root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem list          //列出已经拥有的filesystem
Pool Name  Name      Used     Created            Device                      UUID                            
pool-one   file-one  546 MiB  Sep 20 2020 20:33  /stratis/pool-one/file-one  deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a
    1. 查看指定pool池中拥有的filesystem
    [root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem list pool-one
Pool Name  Name      Used     Created            Device                      UUID                            
pool-one   file-one  546 MiB  Sep 20 2020 20:33  /stratis/pool-one/file-one  deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a
    1. 挂载filesystem，挂载点：/fsdir
    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /fsdir
[root@localhost ~]# mount /stratis/pool-one/file-one /fsdir/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem                                                                                       Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                                                                                         886M     0  886M   0% /dev
tmpfs                                                                                            903M     0  903M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                                                                                            903M  8.7M  894M   1% /run
tmpfs                                                                                            903M     0  903M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root                                                                             50G  1.7G   49G   4% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1                                                                                  1014M  173M  842M  17% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home                                                                             27G  225M   27G   1% /home
tmpfs                                                                                            181M     0  181M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                                                                                         7.4G  7.4G     0 100% /mnt
/dev/mapper/stratis-1-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thin-fs-deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a  1.0T  7.2G 1017G   1% /fsdir
    1. 写入到/etc/fstab配置文件中，建议使用UUID，因为使用name的话，每次更新name，都要对配置文件进行刷新
    [root@localhost ~]# blkid /stratis/pool-one/file-one 
/stratis/pool-one/file-one: UUID="deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a" TYPE="xfs"
[root@localhost ~]# echo "UUID=deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a     /fsdir   xfs   defaults    0 0" >> /etc/fstab  
[root@localhost ~]# tail -3 /etc/fstab 
/dev/mapper/rhel-home   /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
UUID=deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a     /fsdir   xfs   defaults    0 0
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/itwangqiang/p/13701020.html
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