【AtCoder】ARC101题解

C - Candles

题解

点燃的一定是连续的一段，枚举左端点即可

代码

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define enter putchar('
')
#define space putchar(' ')
#define pii pair<int,int>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define mp make_pair
#define MAXN 1000005
#define mo 999999137
#define pb push_back
//#define ivorysi
using namespace std;
typedef long long int64;
typedef double db;
template<class T>
void read(T &res) {
    res = 0;T f = 1;char c = getchar();
    while(c < '0' || c > '9') {
        if(c == '-') f = -1;
        c = getchar();
    }
    while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
        res = res * 10 + c - '0';
        c = getchar();
    }
    res *= f;
}
template<class T>
void out(T x) {
    if(x < 0) {x = -x;putchar('-');}
    if(x >= 10) out(x / 10);
    putchar('0' + x % 10);
}
int N,K;
int64 a[100005];
int main() {
#ifdef ivorysi
    freopen("f1.in","r",stdin);
#endif
    read(N);read(K);
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
        read(a[i]);
    }
    int64 ans = 1e16;
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= N - K + 1; ++i) {
        int t = i + K - 1;
        if(1LL * a[i] * a[t] > 0) {
            ans = min(ans,max(abs(a[i]),abs(a[t])));
        }
        else ans = min(ans,min(-2 * a[i] + a[t],2 * a[t] - a[i]));
    }
    out(ans);enter;
    return 0;
}

D - Median of Medians

二分一个值作为中位数的中位数，把大于这个数的设成1，小于等于这个数的设成0
然后我们就需要知道小于等于这个数做中位数的区间有多少个，用树状数组维护，和全部区间个数的一半比较一下即可

题解

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define enter putchar('
')
#define space putchar(' ')
#define pii pair<int,int>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define mp make_pair
#define MAXN 1000005
#define mo 999999137
#define pb push_back
//#define ivorysi
using namespace std;
typedef long long int64;
typedef double db;
template<class T>
void read(T &res) {
    res = 0;T f = 1;char c = getchar();
    while(c < '0' || c > '9') {
        if(c == '-') f = -1;
        c = getchar();
    }
    while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
        res = res * 10 + c - '0';
        c = getchar();
    }
    res *= f;
}
template<class T>
void out(T x) {
    if(x < 0) {x = -x;putchar('-');}
    if(x >= 10) out(x / 10);
    putchar('0' + x % 10);
}
int N;
int64 M;
int a[100005],num[100005],cnt;
int sum[100005][2],c[200005];
int tr[200005];
int lowbit(int x) {return x & -x;}
void Insert(int x,int v) {
    while(x <= 2 * N + 1) {
        tr[x] += v;
        x += lowbit(x);
    }
}
int Query(int x) {
    int res = 0;
    while(x > 0) {
        res += tr[x];
        x -= lowbit(x);
    }
    return res;
}
bool check(int x) {
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
        sum[i][0] = sum[i - 1][0] + (a[i] <= x);
        sum[i][1] = sum[i - 1][1] + (a[i] > x);
    }
    memset(tr,0,sizeof(tr));
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) Insert(sum[i][1] - sum[i][0] + N + 1,1);
    int64 res = 0;
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
        int t = sum[i - 1][1] - sum[i - 1][0] + N + 1;
        res += Query(t - 1);
        Insert(sum[i][1] - sum[i][0] + N + 1,-1);
    }
    return res >= M;
}
int main() {
#ifdef ivorysi
    freopen("f1.in","r",stdin);
#endif
    read(N);
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {read(a[i]);num[i] = a[i];}
    M = 1LL * N * (N + 1) / 2;
    M = M / 2 + 1;
    sort(num + 1,num + N + 1);
    cnt = unique(num + 1,num + N + 1) - num - 1;
    int L = 1,R = cnt;
    while(L < R) {
        int mid = (L + R) >> 1;
        if(check(num[mid])) R = mid;
        else L = mid + 1;
    }
    out(num[L]);enter;
    return 0;
}

E - Ribbons on Tree

题解

我们用容斥来考虑，设(g(i))为至少有i条边没有被覆盖的方案数，那么答案就是
(sum_{i = 1}^{n} (-1)^{i}g(i))考虑一边dp一边求g的系数
用dp[u][i][0/1]表示以u为根的子树里，i个点匹配了,系数为-1或1的方案数

转移的话用类似树背包的转移
如果不是根的话枚举父边是不是没有被覆盖

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define enter putchar('
')
#define space putchar(' ')
#define pii pair<int,int>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define mp make_pair
#define MAXN 5005
#define mo 99994711
#define pb push_back
//#define ivorysi
using namespace std;
typedef long long int64;
typedef double db;
template<class T>
void read(T &res) {
    res = 0;T f = 1;char c = getchar();
    while(c < '0' || c > '9') {
        if(c == '-') f = -1;
        c = getchar();
    }
    while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
        res = res * 10 + c - '0';
        c = getchar();
    }
    res *= f;
}
template<class T>
void out(T x) {
    if(x < 0) {x = -x;putchar('-');}
    if(x >= 10) out(x / 10);
    putchar('0' + x % 10);
}
const int MOD = 1000000007;
int N;
 
struct node {
    int to,next;
}E[MAXN * 2];
int head[MAXN],sumE;
int dp[MAXN][MAXN][2],fac[MAXN],inv[MAXN],invfac[MAXN],p[MAXN],siz[MAXN],tmp[MAXN][2];
void add(int u,int v) {
    E[++sumE].to = v;
    E[sumE].next = head[u];
    head[u] = sumE;
}
int mul(int a,int b) {
    return 1LL * a * b % MOD;
}
int inc(int a,int b) {
    return a + b >= MOD ? a + b - MOD : a + b;
}
void update(int &x,int y) {
    x = inc(x,y);
}
int C(int n,int m) {
    if(n < m) return 0;
    return mul(fac[n],mul(invfac[m],invfac[n - m]));
}
 
void dfs(int u,int fa) {
    dp[u][0][0] = 1;
    siz[u] = 0;
    for(int i = head[u] ; i ; i = E[i].next) {
        int v = E[i].to;
        if(v != fa) {
            dfs(v,u);
            for(int i = 0 ; i <= siz[u] + siz[v] ; ++i) tmp[i][0] = tmp[i][1] = 0;
            for(int i = 0 ; i <= siz[u] ; ++i) {
                for(int j = 0 ; j <= siz[v] ; ++j) {
                    for(int k = 0 ; k <= 1 ; ++k) {
                        for(int h = 0 ; h <= 1 ; ++h) {
                            update(tmp[i + j][k ^ h],mul(dp[u][i][k],dp[v][j][h]));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            for(int i = 0 ; i <= siz[u] + siz[v] ; ++i) {
                dp[u][i][0] = tmp[i][0];
                dp[u][i][1] = tmp[i][1];
            }
            siz[u] += siz[v];
        }
    }
    ++siz[u];
    if(fa) {
        for(int i = siz[u] - 1; i >= 0 ; --i) {
            for(int k = 0 ; k <= 1 ; ++k) {
                update(dp[u][siz[u]][k],mul(dp[u][i][k ^ 1],p[siz[u] - i]));
            }
        }
    }
}
void Solve() {
    read(N);
    int u,v;
    for(int i = 1 ; i < N ; ++i) {
        read(u);read(v);add(u,v);add(v,u);
    }
    inv[1] = 1;
    for(int i = 2 ; i <= N ; ++i) inv[i] = mul(inv[MOD % i],MOD - MOD / i);
    fac[0] = invfac[0] = 1;
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) fac[i] = mul(fac[i - 1],i),invfac[i] = mul(invfac[i - 1],inv[i]);
    p[0] = 1;
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
        if(i & 1) p[i] = 0;
        else p[i] = mul(p[i - 2],i - 1);
    }
    dfs(1,0);
    int ans = 0;
    for(int i = 0 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
        ans = inc(ans,mul(dp[1][i][0],p[N - i]));
        ans = inc(ans,MOD - mul(dp[1][i][1],p[N - i]));
    }
    out(ans);enter;
}
int main() {
#ifdef ivorysi
    freopen("f1.in","r",stdin);
#endif
    Solve();
    return 0;
}

F - Robots and Exits

题解

把每个机器人到左边最近的距离记作(a_i)，到右边最近的距离记作(b_i)

我们把这个点((a_i,b_i))画在平面直角坐标系里

然后我们记((x,y))为最左的点远离初始点x的距离，到过最右的点远离初始点y的距离
每次可以走到((x + 1,y))或((x,y + 1))
在路径下方的点是从右边出口走的，上方的点是从左边出口走的

我们就是要看走的折线能把点分成几个集合，用树状数组维护来转移即可

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#define enter putchar('
')
#define space putchar(' ')
#define fi first
#define se second
#define mp make_pair
#define MAXN 100005
//#define ivorysi
#define pii pair<int,int>
using namespace std;
typedef long long int64;
template<class T>
void read(T &res) {
    res = 0;char c = getchar();T f = 1;
    while(c < '0' || c > '9') {
	if(c == '-') f = -1;
	c = getchar();
    }
    while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
	res = res * 10 + c - '0';
	c = getchar();
    }
    res *= f;
}
 
template<class T>
void out(T x) {
    if(x < 0) {putchar('-');x = -x;}
    if(x >= 10) out(x / 10);
    putchar('0' + x % 10);
}
const int MOD = 1000000007;
int N,M;
int x[MAXN],y[MAXN],tot,v[MAXN],cnt,tr[MAXN],f[MAXN];
pii poi[MAXN];
int lowbit(int x) {
    return x & -x;
}
int inc(int a,int b) {
    return a + b >= MOD ? a + b - MOD : a + b; 
}
int mul(int a,int b) {
    return 1LL * a * b % MOD;
}
void Insert(int x,int v) {
    while(x <= cnt) {
	tr[x] = inc(tr[x],v);
	x += lowbit(x);
    }
}
int Query(int x) {
    int res = 0;
    while(x > 0) {
	res = inc(res,tr[x]);
	x -= lowbit(x);
    }
    return res;
}
void Solve() {
    read(N);read(M);
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) read(x[i]);
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= M ; ++i) read(y[i]);
    int p = 1;
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
	while(p + 1 <= M && y[p + 1] < x[i]) ++p;
	if(p >= M) break;
	if(x[i] > y[p]) poi[++tot] = mp(x[i] - y[p],y[p + 1] - x[i]);
    }
    sort(poi + 1,poi + tot + 1);
    tot = unique(poi + 1,poi + tot + 1) - poi - 1;
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= tot ; ++i) {
	v[++cnt] = poi[i].se;
    }
    v[++cnt] = 0;
    sort(v + 1,v + cnt + 1);
    cnt = unique(v + 1,v + cnt + 1) - v - 1;
    Insert(1,1);
    int ans = 1;p = 0;
    for(int i = 1 ; i <= tot ; ++i) {
	while(p + 1 <= tot && poi[p + 1].fi < poi[i].fi) {
	    ++p;
	    int t = lower_bound(v + 1,v + cnt + 1,poi[p].se) - v;
	    Insert(t,f[p]);
	}
	int t = lower_bound(v + 1,v + cnt + 1,poi[i].se) - v;
	f[i] = Query(t - 1);
	ans = inc(ans,f[i]);
    }
    out(ans);enter;
}
int main() {
#ifdef ivorysi
    freopen("f1.in","r",stdin);
#endif
    Solve();
}