IntellliJ IDEA+maven+spring+springMVC+tomcat搭建本地开发环境（一）

1.新建maven项目，选择如下选项，然后进入下一步

2.输入项目相应的信息，进入下一步

3.配置maven环境，其中有个下载依赖包失败的问题，下篇将提到解决

4.点击finish，等待maven下载相应的jar包，创建src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml，src/main/java，src/main/resources，项目结构如下：

5.引入java web项目相关到spring和springmvc的jar依赖，pom文件中添加如下：

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

6.在resources文件夹创建applicationContext.xml和dispatcher-servlet.xml，其中applicationContext.xml是spring上下文的配置文件，dispatcher-servlet.xml是springMVC的配置文件

7.配置web.xml，这里有问题困扰了很久，下章会讲到

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0">
    <!--加载spring上下文-->
    <!--配置springIoC容器的配置文件路径-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:*applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!--配置ContextLoaderListener用以初始化springIoc容器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!--配置springmvc-->
    <!--配置DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:*dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!--servlet拦截配置，拦截以后缀“from”结束到请求-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

8.配置applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--使用注解驱动-->
    <context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
</beans>

9.配置dispatcher-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--使用注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    <!--定义扫描装载的包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.ivy"/>
    <!--定义视图解析图-->
    <bean id="viewResolver"
          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
    p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp"></bean>
</beans>

10.配置tomcat，右上角Add Configuration，点左上角的加号，选择tomcat server，local，进入tomcat配置页面

11.编写Controller

package com.example.ivy;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/example")
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public ModelAndView test(){
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.setViewName("test");
        return mv;
    }
}

12.创建webapp/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Lai_Ivy
  Date: 2020/2/13
  Time: 21:33
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>七宝</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>nihao</h1>

</body>
</html>

运行tomcat能看到后台结果

或者更直观，打开http://localhost:8080/example/test，看到页面