Java EE入门（八）——BootStrap基础
iwehdio的博客园：https://www.cnblogs.com/iwehdio/
1、BootStrap
一个前端开发框架，基于HTML、CSS和JavaScript，使得Web开发更加快捷。
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优点：
- 定义了许多css样式和js插件。
- 响应式布局，同一套页面可以兼容不同的分辨率设备。
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使用前，先将BootStrap下的css、fonts和js文件夹引入到项目目录下。
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基本模板：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面(分别表示编码、受IE支持、视口宽度为设备宽度且缩放比例为1)，任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后！ --> <title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title> <!-- 引入资源文件 ---> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery，所以必须放在前边) --> <script src="../js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 --> <script src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>你好，世界！</h1> </body> </html> -
响应式布局：原依赖于栅格系统。
- 栅格系统：将一行平均分为12个格子，可以指定元素占几个格子。不同分辨率下，每个格子的大小也不同。
- 步骤：
- 定义容器。相当于 html 中的 table 。
container：在不同分辨率设备上有固定宽度，有留白。container-fluid：占满视口的宽度。
- 定义行。相当于 html 中的 tr 。
row：行属性。
- 定义元素。相当于 html 中的 td 。指定元素在不同设备上所占的格子数目。
- 格式：
col-设备代号-格子数目 - 设备代号：xs （<768px超小屏幕，手机）；sm（>=768px小屏幕，平板）；md（>=992px中等屏幕，桌面显示器）；lg（>=1200px超大平面，大桌面显示器）。
- 格式：
- 定义容器。相当于 html 中的 table 。
- 注意事项：
- 如果一行的定义的格子超出12个，则会自动换行。
- 栅格类属性向上兼容，即分辨率大的设备兼容分辨率小的。
- 如果设备宽度小于了设备代号所代表的最小值，会一个元素占满一行。
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全局CSS样式示例：
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按钮：
class="btn btn-default"：默认按钮样式。class="btn btn-link"：链接按钮样式。- 还可以为 primary、success、info、warning、danger等。
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" role="button">Link</a> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button> <input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input"> -
图片：
class="img-responsive"：图片大小始终占满页面宽度。class="img-rounded"：图片形状为方形。还可以为圆形circle和相框thumbnail。
<img src="..." class="img-responsive" alt="Responsive image"> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded"> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle"> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail"> -
表格：
class="table table-boedered"：表格带边框。class="table table-hover"：单行选中效果。
table class="table table-hover table-bordered"> <header> <td>表头1</td> <td>表头2</td> <td>表头3</td> </header> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> </tr> </table> -
表单：
class="form-control"：对于每一个表单项。class="form-group"：每一行。
<form class="form-inline"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="exampleInputName2">Name</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputName2" placeholder="Jane Doe"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="exampleInputEmail2">Email</label> <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail2" placeholder="jane.doe@example.com"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Send invitation</button> </form>
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组件示例：
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导航条：
class="navbar navbar-default"。<nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> -
分页条：
class="pagination"。<nav aria-label="Page navigation"> <ul class="pagination"> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Previous"> <span aria-hidden="true">«</span> </a> </li> <li><a href="#">1</a></li> <li><a href="#">2</a></li> <li><a href="#">3</a></li> <li><a href="#">4</a></li> <li><a href="#">5</a></li> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Next"> <span aria-hidden="true">»</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>
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插件示例：
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轮播图：
class="carousel slide"。<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <!-- Indicators --> <ol class="carousel-indicators"> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li> </ol> <!-- Wrapper for slides --> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item active"> <img src="..." alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> ... </div> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="..." alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> ... </div> </div> ... </div> <!-- Controls --> <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </a> </div>
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2、案例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
.paddtop{
padding-top: 10px;
}
.search-btn{
float: left;
border:1px solid #ffc900;
90px;
height: 35px;
background-color:#ffc900 ;
text-align: center;
line-height: 35px;
margin-top: 15px;
}
.search-input{
float: left;
border:2px solid #ffc900;
400px;
height: 35px;
padding-left: 5px;
margin-top: 15px;
}
.jx{
border-bottom: 2px solid #ffc900;
padding: 5px;
}
.company{
height: 40px;
background-color: #ffc900;
text-align: center;
line-height:40px ;
font-size: 8px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 1.页眉部分-->
<header class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<img src="img/top_banner.jpg" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-3">
<img src="img/logo.jpg" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<div class="col-md-5">
<input class="search-input" placeholder="请输入线路名称">
<a class="search-btn" href="#">搜索</a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="img/hotel_tel.png" class="img-responsive">
</div>
</div>
<!--导航栏-->
<div class="row">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<!-- 定义汉堡按钮 -->
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">首页</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
</div>
<!--轮播图-->
<div class="row">
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="img/banner_1.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/banner_2.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/banner_3.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!-- 2.主体部分-->
<div class="container">
<div class="row jx">
<img src="img/icon_5.jpg">
<span>精选</span>
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>项目内容</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>项目内容</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>项目内容</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>项目内容</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row jx">
<img src="img/icon_6.jpg">
<span>国内游</span>
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="img/guonei_1.jpg">
</div>
<div class="col-md-8">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>项目内容</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>项目内容</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>项目内容</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>项目内容</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>项目内容</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>项目内容</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 3.页脚部分-->
<footer class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<img src="img/footer_service.png" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<div class="row company">
版权信息
</div>
</footer>
</body>
</html>