Java语法清单-快速回顾(开发)

Java CheatSheet

01.基础

hello，world！

public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("Hello,World");
}

 

if-else

if (income < 0) rate = 0.00;
else if (income < 8925) rate = 0.10;
else if (income < 36250) rate = 0.15;
else if (income < 87850) rate = 0.23;
else if (income < 183250) rate = 0.28;
else if (income < 398350) rate = 0.33;
else if (income < 400000) rate = 0.35;
else rate = 0.396;

loops:

/**
 * compute the largest
 * power of 2
 * less than or equal to n
 */
public static void test2(int n){
    int power = 1;
    while (power < n/2)
        power = 2 * power;
    System.out.println(power);
}

/**
 * compute a finite sum
 * (1+2+...+n)
 */
public static void test3(int n){
    int sum = 0;
    for(int i=0; i <= n; i++)
        sum += i;
    System.out.println(sum);
}

/**
 * compute a finite product
 * (n! = 1*2*...*n)
 */
public static void test4(int n){
    int product = 1;
    for(int i=1; i <= n; i++)
        product *= i;
    System.out.println(product);
}

/**
 * compute the ruler function
 */
public static void test6(int n){
    StringBuilder ruler = new StringBuilder("1");
    for(int i=2; i <= n; i++)
        ruler.append(" ").append(i).append(" ").append(ruler);
    System.out.println(ruler);
}

do-while:

//do-while
public static void test7(){
    int count = 0;
    do {
        System.out.println("count is:"+ count);
        count++;
    }while (count<11);
}

 switch-case:

//switch-case
public static void test8(int day){
    switch(day){
        case 0: System.out.println("Sun");break;
        case 1: System.out.println("Mon");break;
        case 2: System.out.println("Tue");break;
        case 3: System.out.println("Wed");break;
        case 4: System.out.println("Thu");break;
        case 5: System.out.println("Fri");break;
        case 6: System.out.println("Sat");break;
    }
}

 

02.字符串操作

字符串比较:

boolean result = str1.equals(str2);
boolean result = str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2);//忽略大小写

 

搜索与检索:

int result = str1.indexOf(str2);
int result = str1.indexOf(str2,5);
String index = str1.substring(14);

 

字符串反转:

//字符串反转
public static void test11(){
    String str1 = "whatever string something";
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(str1);
    String reverse = buffer.reverse().toString();
    System.out.println(reverse);
}

 

按单词的字符串反转:

//按单词的字符串反转
public static void test12(){
    String str1 = "reverse this string";
    Stack<Object> stack = new Stack<>();
    StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(str1);
    while (tokenizer.hasMoreElements())
        stack.push(tokenizer.nextElement());
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
    while (!stack.isEmpty()){
        buffer.append(stack.pop());
        buffer.append(" ");
    }
    System.out.println(buffer);
}

 

大小写转化:

String strUpper = str1.toUpperCase();
String strLower = str1.toLowerCase();

 

首尾空格移除:

String str1 = "     asdfsdf   ";
str1.trim(); //asdfsdf

 

空格移除:

str1.replace(" ","");

 

字符串转化为数组:

String str = "tim,kerry,timmy,camden";
String[] results = str.split(",");

 

03.数据结构

重置数组大小:

int[] myArray = new int[10];
int[] tmp = new int[myArray.length + 10];
System.arraycopy(myArray, 0, tmp, 0, myArray.length);
myArray = tmp;

 

集合遍历:

Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("1","zhangsan");
map.put("2","lisi");
map.put("3","wangwu");
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> next : map.entrySet()) {
    System.out.println(next.getKey() + ":" + next.getValue());
}

 

数组排序:

int[] nums = {1,4,7,324,0,-4}; 
Arrays.sort(nums);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums));

 

列表排序:

List<String> unsortList = new ArrayList<>();

unsortList.add("CCC");
unsortList.add("111");
unsortList.add("AAA");
Collections.sort(unsortList);

 

列表搜索:

int index = arrayList.indexOf(obj);

 

finding an object by value in a hashmap:

hashmap.containsValue(obj);

 

finding an object by key in a hashmap:

hashmap.containsKey(obj);

 

二分搜索:

int[] nums = new int[]{7,5,1,3,6,8,9,2};
Arrays.sort(nums);int index = Arrays.binarySearch(nums,6);
System.out.println("6 is at index: "+ index);

 

arrayList 转化为 array:

Object[] objects = arrayList.toArray();

 

将 hashmap 转化为 array:

Object[] objects = hashmap.entrySet().toArray();

 

04.时间与日期类型(开发推荐使用org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateUtils 或者 Java8新的日期工具类，切勿重复造轮子！)

打印时间与日期:

Date todaysDate = new Date(); //todays date
SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss"); //date format
String formattedDate = formatter.format(todaysDate);
System.out.println(formattedDate);

 

将日期转化为日历:

Date mDate = new Date();
Calendar mCal = Calendar.getInstance();
mCal.setTime(mDate);

 

将 calendar 转化为 date:

Calendar mCal = Calendar.getInstance();
Date mDate = mDate.getTime();

 字符串解析为日期格式:

public void StringtoDate(String x) throws ParseException{
    String date = "March 20, 1992 or 3:30:32pm";
    DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
    Date newDate = df.parse(date);    
}

 

date arithmetic using date objects:

Date date = new Date();
long time = date.getTime();
time += 5*24*60*60*1000; //may give a numeric overflow error on IntelliJ IDEA

Date futureDate = new Date(time);
System.out.println(futureDate);

 

date arithmetic using calendar objects:

Calendar today = Calendar.getInstance();
today.add(Calendar.DATE,5);

 

difference between two dates:

long diff = time1 - time2; diff = diff/(1000*60*60*24);

comparing dates:

boolean result = date1.equals(date2);

 

getting details from calendar:

Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
cal.get(Calendar.MONTH);
cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);
cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
cal.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR);
cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH);
cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
cal.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);

 

calculating the elapsed time:

long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();//times flies by..

long finishTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
long timeElapsed = startTime-finishTime;
System.out.println(timeElapsed);

 

05.正则表达式

使用 REGEX 寻找匹配字符串:

String pattern = "[TJ]im";      
Pattern regPat = Pattern.compile(pattern,Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); 
String text = "This is Jim and that's Tim";
Matcher matcher = regPat.matcher(text);       
if (matcher.find()){           
    String matchedText = matcher.group();
    System.out.println(matchedText);
}

 

替换匹配字符串:

String pattern = "[TJ]im";
Pattern regPat = Pattern.compile(pattern,Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); 
String text = "This is jim and that's Tim";
Matcher matcher = regPat.matcher(text);
String text2 = matcher.replaceAll("Tom");
System.out.println(text2);

 

使用 StringBuffer 替换匹配字符串:

Pattern p = Pattern.compile("My");
Matcher m = p.matcher("My dad and My mom");
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
boolean found = m.find();       
while(found){
      m.appendReplacement(sb,"Our");
      found = m.find();
}
m.appendTail(sb);
System.out.println(sb);

 

打印所有匹配次数:

String pattern = "\sa(\w)*t(\w)*"; //contains "at"Pattern regPat = Pattern.compile(pattern);
String text = "words something at atte afdgdatdsf hey";
Matcher matcher = regPat.matcher(text);
while(matcher.find()){     
     String matched = matcher.group();
      System.out.println(matched);
}

 

打印包含固定模式的行:

String pattern = "^a";      
Pattern regPat = Pattern.compile(pattern);
Matcher matcher = regPat.matcher("");
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file.txt"));
String line;        
while ((line = reader.readLine())!= null){
    matcher.reset(line);
         if (matcher.find()){
             System.out.println(line);
        }
}     

 

匹配新行:

String pattern = "\d$"; //any single digitString text = "line one
 line two
 line three
";     
Pattern regPat = Pattern.compile(pattern, Pattern.MULTILINE);
Matcher matcher = regPat.matcher(text);
while (matcher.find()){
    System.out.println(matcher.group());
}

 

regex:

beginning of a string: ^
end of a string: $
0 or 1 times: ?
0 or more times: (*) //without brackets
1 or more times: +
alternative characters: [...]
alternative patterns: |
any character: .
a digit: d
a non-digit: D
whitespace: s
non-whitespace: S
word character: w
non word character: W

 

06.数字与数学操作处理

内建数据类型:

byte: 8bits, Byte
short: 16bits, Short
long: 64bits, Long
float: 32bits, Float

 判断字符串是否为有效数字:

String str = "dsfdfsd54353%%%"; 
try{    
     int result = Integer.parseInt(str);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
    System.out.println("not valid");
}

 

比较 Double:

Double a = 4.5; 
Double b= 4.5;
boolean result = a.equals(b);
if (result) System.out.println("equal");

rounding:

double doubleVal = 43.234234200000000234040324;
float floatVal = 2.98f;
long longResult = Math.round(doubleVal);
int intResult = Math.round(floatVal);
System.out.println(longResult + " and " + intResult); // 43 and 3

 格式化数字:

double value = 2343.8798;
NumberFormat numberFormatter;        
String formattedValue;
numberFormatter = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();
formattedValue = numberFormatter.format(value);
System.out.format("%s%n",formattedValue); //2.343,88

 格式化货币:

double currency = 234546457.99;
NumberFormat currencyFormatter;       
String formattedCurrency;
currencyFormatter = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
formattedCurrency = currencyFormatter.format(currency);
System.out.format("%s%n",formattedCurrency); // $ 234.546.457,99

 二进制、八进制、十六进制转换:

int val = 25;
String binaryStr = Integer.toBinaryString(val);
String octalStr = Integer.toOctalString(val);
String hexStr = Integer.toHexString(val);

随机数生成:

double rn = Math.random();        
int rint = (int) (Math.random()*10); // random int between 0-10
System.out.println(rn);
System.out.println(rint);

 计算三角函数:

double cos = Math.cos(45);
double sin = Math.sin(45);        
double tan = Math.tan(45);

 计算对数

double logVal = Math.log(125.5);

07.输入输出操作

从输入流读取:

//throw IOexception first
BufferedReader inStream = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String inline ="";
while (!(inline.equalsIgnoreCase("quit"))){
      System.out.println("prompt> ");   
      inline=inStream.readLine();
}

 格式化输出:

StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
Formatter formatter = new Formatter(buffer, Locale.US);
formatter.format("PI: "+Math.PI);
System.out.println(buffer.toString());

 

 打开文件:

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(textFile.txt)); //for reading
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(textFile.txt)); //for writing

 

读取二进制数据:

InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);
int offset = 0;    
int bytesRead = is.read(bytes, ofset, bytes.length-offset);

 文件随机访问:

File file = new File(something.bin);
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(file,"rw");
raf.seek(file.length());

 

读取 Jar/zip/rar 文件:

ZipFile file =new ZipFile(filename);
Enumeration entries = file.entries();    
while(entries.hasMoreElements()){ 
    ZipEntry entry = (ZipEntry) entries.nextElement();
   if (entry.isDirectory()){
        //do something
   } else{            
        //do something
   }
}
file.close();

 

08.文件与目录

创建文件:

File f = new File("textFile.txt");
boolean result = f.createNewFile();

 

文件重命名:

File f = new File("textFile.txt");
File newf = new File("newTextFile.txt");
boolean result = f.renameto(newf);

删除文件:

File f = new File("somefile.txt");
f.delete();

改变文件属性:

File f = new File("somefile.txt");
f.setReadOnly(); // making the file read only
f.setLastModified(desired time); 

获取文件大小:

File f = new File("somefile.txt");
long length = file.length();

 

判断文件是否存在:

File f = new File("somefile.txt");
boolean status = f.exists();

 

移动文件:

File f = new File("somefile.txt");
File dir = new File("directoryName");
boolean success = f.renameTo(new File(dir, file.getName()));

获取绝对路径:

File f = new File("somefile.txt");
File absPath = f.getAbsoluteFile();

判断是文件还是目录:

File f = new File("somefile.txt");
boolean isDirectory = f.isDirectory();
System.out.println(isDirectory); //false

列举目录下文件:

File directory = new File("users/ege");
String[] result = directory.list();

创建目录:

boolean result = new File("users/ege").mkdir();

 

09.网络客户端

服务器连接:

String serverName = "www.egek.us";
Socket socket = new Socket(serverName, 80);
System.out.println(socket);

网络异常处理:

try {
        Socket sock = new Socket(server_name, tcp_port);
        System.out.println("Connected to " + server_name);
        sock.close(  );

    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
        System.err.println(server_name + " Unknown host");  
        return;
    } catch (NoRouteToHostException e) {
        System.err.println(server_name + " Unreachable" );
        return;
    } catch (ConnectException e) {
        System.err.println(server_name + " connect refused");
        return;
    } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
        System.err.println(server_name + ' ' + e.getMessage(  )); 
        return;
    }

 

10.包与文档

创建包:

package com.ege.example;

使用 JavaDoc 注释某个类:

javadoc -d homehtml
    -sourcepath homesrc
    -subpackages java.net

 

Jar 打包:

jar cf project.jar *.class

 

运行 Jar:

java -jar something.jar

 

排序算法

各种排序算法总结和比较