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  • Oracle11g温习-第四章:手工建库

     

     1create database plan

     1、库类型:

      OLTP :  在线事务处理系统

      OLAP : 在线应用处理系统

      DSS :    数据决策系统

     

     2、数据库名字及字符集

     3、存储空间

     4、数据库的物理和逻辑的结构以及存储结构

     为什么用户oracle 执行 ‘ sqlplus  /  as  sysdba ‘    就可登录数据库                

     

    Oracle  的用户组主组是oinstall   所以  可使用    /as  sysdba 登录数据库      如果把用户组改掉   则登录失效 报错:  权限不足

     ‘ sqlplus    aaaa/bbbbb  as  sysdba ‘     前后的用户名 密码 无关紧要  

                

     

    2建库的准备

     

    1. 建立口令文件,用于sys用户远程登录的认证(remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive),位置 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwSID.       
    2.  创建命令: orapwd

     

    [oracle@work dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwprod password=oracle entries=5 force=y

           Entries   最多可以把 sys 的权限授权给几个用户

     

    remote_login_passwordfile            

       

    1)   none            拒绝sys用户从远程连接`

    2)    exclusive    允许sys用户从远程连接

    3)    share 多个库可以共享口令文件

     

    SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET remote_login_passwordfile=NONE SCOPE=SPFILE 【拒绝远程登录】

          remote_login_passwordfile              

        1)   none            拒绝sys用户从远程连接`

        2)    exclusive    允许sys用户从远程连接

        3)    share 多个库可以共享口令文件

         

     

     

    1. 创建init parameter 文件

     

    [oracle@oracle dbs]$more initdw.ora |grep -v '^#'|grep -v '^$' >initcuug.ora

     

           建立目录

    [oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug

     [oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir   bdump cdump  udump  adump

    [oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug                                     【存放数据文件  控制文件的位置】

     

          修改初始化参数文件

     

               [oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initcuug.ora

     

    db_name = cuug

    sga_target = 300M

    db_block_size = 8192

    pga_aggregate_target = 30M                               

    db_cache_size = 80M                              

    shared_pool_size = 60M                                

    parallel_threads_per_cpu = 4                                

    optimizer_mode = choose

    star_transformation_enabled = true

    db_file_multiblock_read_count = 16

    query_rewrite_enabled = true

    query_rewrite_integrity = trusted

    background_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/bdump

    user_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/udump

    core_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/cdump

    control_files = $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/control01.ctl

    undo_management = auto

    undo_tablespace = undotbs

     

    3)建立建库脚本

               

    1、库名

    2、表空间及数据文件的位置和大小

    3、redo 日志文件的位置和大小

    4、字符集

                 

    1. 建库脚本:vi  ct_db.sql

     

    CREATE DATABASE cuug

       USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle

       USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle

       LOGFILE

    GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,

               GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,

               GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/redo03.log') SIZE 100M

       MAXLOGFILES 10

       MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

       MAXLOGHISTORY 1

       MAXDATAFILES 100

       MAXINSTANCES 1

       CHARACTER SET zhs16gbk

       NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

       DATAFILE   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/system01.dbf' SIZE 350M REUSE                          默认system 表空间至少300m

       EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL(启动本地管理空闲区)

       SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 100M REUSE

       DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp                                                                                            注意格式

          TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/temp01.dbf'

          SIZE 20M REUSE

       UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs                                                                     【这个名字要和初始化文件的一致】

          DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug /undotbs01.dbf'

          SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

    【根据自己的实际需求更改】

     

    告警日志信息:

     

    create tablespace SYSTEM datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m

     

      default storage (initial 10K next 10K) online

    Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011

    Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m

      default storage (initial 10K next 10K) EXTENT MANAGEMENT DICTIONARY online

    Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011

    create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM

      storage (initial 50K next 50K)

    Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM

      storage (initial 50K next 50K)

    Sat Aug 20 00:26:49 2011

    Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 2

      Current log# 2 seq# 2 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02a.log

    Sat Aug 20 00:26:50 2011

    CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m

     

    Sat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011

    Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.

    Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m

    Sat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011

    create tablespace SYSAUX datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m

     

      EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online

    Completed: create tablespace SYSAUX datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m

      EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online

    Sat Aug 20 00:26:54 2011

    CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m

     

    Completed: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m

    Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011

    ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP

    Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP

    Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011

    ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM

    Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM

    Sat Aug 20 00:27:01 2011

    SMON: enabling tx recovery

    Sat Aug 20 00:27:02 2011

    Threshold validation cannot be done before catproc is loaded.

    replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)

    Starting background process QMNC

    QMNC started with pid=13, OS id=6485

    Sat Aug 20 00:27:03 2011

    Completed: create database test

     user sys identified by **user system identified by *datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m

    sysaux datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m

    undo tablespace rtbs datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m

    default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m

    logfile

      group 1 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo01a.log' size 10m,

      group 2 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo02a.log' size 10m,

      group 3 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo03a.log' size 10m

    character set zhs16gbk

     

    2export  ORACLE_SID=cuug

    3)启动数据库到nomount状态,startup nomount

    4)启动告警日志  tail -f /$ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/bdump/alert_cuug.log

    5)运行建库脚本:@/export/home/oracle/ct_db.sql          

    4)建立数据字典

     

       创建数据字典脚本:vi  ct_dict.sql            

    @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql           创建数据字典 系统提供的相关表 和视图            

    @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql           创建系统提供的存数过程和 包

    conn system/oracle

    @$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql        

    @$ORACLE_HOME /rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql          创建用户 scott  使用系统提供的 模板      

         

     执行数据字典脚本:@/export/home/oracle/ct_dict.sql

     

    5)创建users 表空间,作为普通用户的默认表空间

     

     SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;【如果执行不成功,说明上一步有问题】

     

    TABLESPACE_NAME

    ------------------------------

    SYSTEM

    RTBS

    SYSAUX

    TEMP

     

    SQL> select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;

     

       FILE_ID FILE_NAME                                          TABLESPA

    ---------- -------------------------------------------------- --------

             1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf          SYSTEM

             2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf         UNDOTBS

             3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf          SYSAUX        

            

    SQL> create tablespace users      datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/user01.dbf' size 100m;【创建表空间】

    SQL> select * from database_properties;   【查看数据库的属性】

    SQL>  alter database default tablespace users;【修改oracle数据库的默认表空间】

    SQL>  select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;【查看数据文件】

     

       FILE_ID FILE_NAME                                          TABLESPACE_NAME

    ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------

             1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/system01.dbf          SYSTEM

             2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/rtbs01.dbf            RTBS

             3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/sysaux01.dbf          SYSAUX

             4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/user01.dbf            USERS

     

    SQL> select file_name,file_id,tablespace_name from dba_temp_files;【查看临时表空间,临时表不和数据文件放在一起】

     

    FILE_NAME                                             FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME

    -------------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/temp01.dbf                     1 TEMP

     

    SQL> select username,default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users;【查看用户的默认表空间】

    USERNAME        DEFAULT_TABLESP TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE

    --------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    OUTLN           SYSTEM          TEMP

    SYS             SYSTEM          TEMP

    SYSTEM          SYSTEM          TEMP

    SCOTT           USERS           TEMP

    TOM             USERS           TEMP

    DBSNMP          SYSAUX          TEMP

    TSMSYS          USERS           TEMP

    DIP             USERS           TEMP

     

              

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/iyoume2008/p/7524508.html
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