Oracle 图形化以及命令行安装

@(Oracle)[Install]

Oracle 安装

相关版本说明

不同版本的Oracle需要安装在特定的系统版本之上。
如Oracle 11gR2的11.2.0.1.0需要安装在CentOS 5.X以及RHLE 5.X

硬件要求

Physical Memory	>= 1G
Swap Space	>= 2G (available)
Temporary Space	>= 400MB

依赖库的安装

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC-devel binutils-* compat-libstdc++* elfutils-libelf* glibc* gcc-* libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat*  unixODBC*

rpm -e ksh
yum install pdksh

相关参数设置

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Oracle Configuration
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphors: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# Oracle Configuration End

echo "1048576" >/proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr

Oracle用户

首先创建Oracle用户，在该用户下进行安装
创建步骤(需要具有root权限)：

$/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
$/usr/sbin/groupadd dba
$useradd –g oinstall -G dba -d /home/oracle -r oracle
$mkdir -p /home/oracle
$chown oracle:dba /home/oracle
$passwd oracle

使用id命令查看用户信息
$id oracle
输出：
uid=504(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba)
其中具体id数据可以不一样

Oracle安装

注：Oracle检查条件中：hard limit for maximum open file descriptors is set to at least 65536可以忽略

后续根据安装步骤进行即可

listener.ora配置

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /bank/oracle/oracle10g/product/10.2.0)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL DBNAME = orcl) 
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

命令行安装

初始化配置

配置db_install.rsp文件

安装

./runInstaller -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp -silent -showProgress

Q&A

• 问题：[FATAL] [INS-32037] The operating system group specified for central inventory (oraInventory) ownership is invalid.
  解决：
  设置具有写oraInventory权限的组
  UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory

• 问题：[FATAL] [INS-35071] Global database name cannot be left blank.
  解决：ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle1

• [FATAL] [INS-35071] Global database name cannot be left blank.
  解决如：oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=oracle.sunyard
  *问题： [FATAL] [INS-35175] No value given for the allocated memory of the database
  解决：oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
  [FATAL] [INS-30501] Automatic Storage Management software is not configured on this system.
  配置Oracle存储方式

• 问题：[FATAL] [INS-30004] The ADMIN password entered is invalid.
  解决：密码不能带@

• [FATAL] [INS-35341] User is not a member of the following chosen OS groups
  解决：
  oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

• 问题：sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libsqlplus.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
  解决：设置如下配置文件

    # .bash_profile
    if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
            . ~/.bashrc
    fi
    # for oracle i
    PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
    #oracle add 
    export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app/oracle
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl
    
    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  

• 问题：ORA-xxxxx: Message xxx not found; no message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ORA
  解决：没有正确设置ORACLE_HOME路径，如app/oracle，需要设置为/home/oracle/app/oracle

• 问题：sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied

    /etc/sysconfig/selinux 中改为SELINUX=disabled 
    chcon -t texrel_shlib_t $ORACLE_HOME/lib/*.so
  

参考：
Oracle文档中的Oracle RAC先决条件部分：
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/nav/portal_6.htm
Oracle版本以及对应安装系统：
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/relnotes.112/e23558/toc.htm#CHDHCEFI

CentOS和Redhat发行版与linux内核版本的对应关系：
http://foolishfish.blog.51cto.com/3822001/1597721

部分操作参考：
http://haowen.blog.51cto.com/3486731/1599042
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/solrhe/Securing-Optimizing-Linux-RH-Edition-v1.3/chap6sec72.html
http://blog.itpub.net/441887/viewspace-664317