一,本期目标:
[~@localhost t2]$ cat README
this is README
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── COPYRIGHT
├── doc
│ └── hello.txt
├── README
├── runhello.sh
├── run.sh
└── src
├── CMakeLists.txt
└── main.cpp
src/存放工程源代码
doc/存放工程文档
COPYRIGHT 工程版权信息
README 工程说明信息
runhello.sh 工程调用脚本
hello二进制与runhello.sh 安装到/<prefix>/bin
doc/目录中的hello.txt以及COPYRIGHT,README安装到/<prefix>/share/doc/cmake/t2
二,t2工程相关辅助文件:
[~@localhost t2]$ cat COPYRIGHT
this is COPYRIGHT
[~@localhost t2]$ cat doc/hello.txt
this is hello.txt
[~@localhost t2]$ cat runhello.sh
[~@localhost t2]$ cat run.sh
[~@localhost t2]$ cat src/main.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello World from t2 Main!
");
return 0;
}
三,t2工程相关CMake文件
[~@localhost t2]$ cat src/CMakeLists.txt
PROJECT(hello)
#标识此目录下的工程文件将会生成可执行二进制
ADD_EXECUTABLE(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)
#设置最终文件的输出目录
#只是用于最终生成文件
#且此处目录指的是:当前CMakeLists.txt所在目录在编译路径同级目录下再创建子目录bin
#(可依据情况是否选择此功能)
#SET(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
#设置最终文件的安装目录
INSTALL(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}
DESTINATION bin)
[~@localhost t2]$ cat CMakeLists.txt
#测试方法
#在t2/build目录下,执行"cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=//home/TOM/tmp .."
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)
PROJECT(HELLO)
#COMMAND: ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(source_dir [binary_dir] [EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL])
#定义:向当前工程添加存放源文件的子目录, 同时可以指定中间二进制和目标二进制存放的位置
# EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL:将这个目录从编译过程中排除,
# 比如工程的example,可能就需要工程构建完成后,再进入example目录单独进行构建; 当然,你也可以通过定义依赖来解决此类问题
# 举例:ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(src bin)
# 将src子目录加入工程,并指定编译输出(包含编译中间结果)路径为bin目录。
# 如果不指定,编译结果(包括中间结果)都将存放在build/src目录(这个目录与原有的src目录对应),
# 指定bin目录后,相当于在编译时将src重命名为bin,所有编译结果都放在bin目录。
#
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(src bin)
#附:
#1)换个地方保存目标二进制
# 不论是SUBDIRS还是ADD_SUBDIRECTORY,我们都可以通过SET重新定义EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH和
# LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH变量来指定最终的目标二进制的位置(指最终生成的hello或者最终的共享库,不含编译生成的是间文件)
# SET(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
# //只是用于最终生成文件
# //且此处目录指的是:当前CMakeLists.txt所在目录在编译路径同级目录下再创建子目录bin
# SET(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
#备注:
# Q: 把上面两个指令放在哪里?
# A: 在哪里ADD_EXECUTABLE或ADD_LIBRARY, 如果需要改变目标存放路径,就在那里使用这两个指令,这个例子当然指的是src下面的CMakeLists.txt
#3)如何安装
# 一般情况下会用到指令(INSTALL)和变量(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX)
#COMMAND: INSTALL:
#定义:用于定义安装规则。 包括多种类型:有目标二进制,动态库,静态库,文件,目录和脚本等等
#3.1)目标文件的安装
# INSTALL(TARGETS targets...
# [ [ARCHIVE | LIBRARY |RUNTIME]
# [DESTINATION <dir>]
# [PERMISSIONS permissions ...]
# [CONFIGURATIONS [Debug|Release|...]]
# [COMPONENT <component>]
# [OPTIONAL]
# ] [...])
# 说明:TARGETS:
# 后面跟的就是我们通过ADD_EXECUTABLE或ADD_LIBRARY定义的目标文件,
# 可能是:可执行二进制(RUNTIME),动态库(LIBRARY),静态库(ARCHIVE)
# DESTINATION:
# 定义安装的路径,${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/<DESTINATION定义的路径>
# 如果DESTINATION以"/"开头,则指绝对路径,此时CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX无效
# 如果希望使用CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX来定义安装路径,就要写成相对路径,不以/开头
#
# 例子:INSTALL(TARGETS myrun mylib mystaticlib
# RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
# LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
# ARCHIVE DESTINATION libstatic
# )
# 解释:可执行二进制myrun安装到${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin目录
# 动态库mylib安装到${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib目录
# 静态库mystaticlib安装到${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/libstatic目录
# (注:不需要关心TARGETS具体生成的路径,只要写上TARGETS名称就可以了)
#3.2)非目标文件的可执行程序安装(比如脚本这类)
# INSTALL(PROGRAMS files...
# DESTINATION <dir>
# [以下参数与FILES相同,但默认权限是755])
#3.3)普通文件的安装
# INSTALL(FILES file...
# DESTINATION <dir>
# [PERMISSIONS permissions...]
# [CONFIGURATIONS [Debug|Release|...]]
# [COMPONENT <component>]
# [RENAME <name>] [OPTIONAL])
# 说明:用一安装一般文件,并可以指定访问权限,文件名是此指令所在路径下的树路径,默认权限644
#3.4)目录的安装
# INSTALL(DIRECTORY dirs...
# DESTINATION <dir>
# [FILE_PERMISSIONS permissions...]
# [DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS permisssions...]
# [USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS]
# [CONFIGURATIONS [Debug|Release|...]]
# [COMPONENT <component>]
# [ [PATTERN <pattern> | REGEX <regex>] [EXCLUDE] [PERMISSIONS permissions...]]
# [...] ]
# 说明:这里主要介绍DIRECTORY,PATTERN,PERMISSIONS参数
# DIRECTORY: 后面接的是所在Source目录的相对路径,但要注意abc 和 abc/区别很大
# 前者的目录将被安装为目标路径下的abc,后者目录下的内容会被安装到目标路径下(不包含目录本身)
# PATTERN: 用于正则静态式过滤
# PERMISSIONS: 用于指定PATTERN过滤后的文件权限
# 例子:INSTALL(DIRECTORY icons scripts/
# DESTINATION share/myproj
# PATTERN "CVS" EXCLUDE
# PATTERN "scripts/*"
# PERMISSIONS OWNER_EXECUTE OWNER_WRITE OWNER_READ GROUP_EXECUTE GROUP_READ)
# 解释:将icons目录安装到<prefix>/share/myproj
# 将scripts/中的内容安装到<prefix>/share/myproj,
# 不包含目录名为CVS的目录,对于scripts/*文件指定权限为:OWNER_EXECUTE ......
#
#3.5) 安装CMAKE脚本的执行
# INSTALL([[SCRIPT <file>] [CODE <code>] ] [...])
# SCRIPT:用于在安装时调用cmake脚本文件(也就是<abc>.cmake文件)
# CODE: 用于执行CMAKE命令,必须以双引号括起来,比如:
# INSTALL(CODE "MESSAGE("Sample install message.")")
#
#安装指令
INSTALL(FILES COPYRIGHT README
DESTINATION share/doc/cmake/t2)
INSTALL(PROGRAMS runhello.sh run.sh
DESTINATION bin)
INSTALL(DIRECTORY doc/
DESTINATION share/doc/cmake/t2)
四,运行结果
[sun@localhost build]$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=./myproj ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU
-- Check for working C compiler: /opt/gcc/bin/gcc
-- Check for working C compiler: /opt/gcc/bin/gcc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /opt/gcc/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /opt/gcc/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/sun/program/cmake_practice/t2/build
[sun@localhost build]$ make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[100%] Building CXX object src/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/main.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable hello
[100%] Built target hello
[sun@localhost build]$ make install
[100%] Built target hello
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Installing: /home/sun/program/cmake_practice/t2/build/myproj/share/doc/cmake/t2/COPYRIGHT
-- Installing: /home/sun/program/cmake_practice/t2/build/myproj/share/doc/cmake/t2/README
-- Installing: /home/sun/program/cmake_practice/t2/build/myproj/bin/runhello.sh
-- Installing: /home/sun/program/cmake_practice/t2/build/myproj/bin/run.sh
-- Installing: /home/sun/program/cmake_practice/t2/build/myproj/share/doc/cmake/t2
-- Installing: /home/sun/program/cmake_practice/t2/build/myproj/share/doc/cmake/t2/hello.txt
-- Installing: /home/sun/program/cmake_practice/t2/build/myproj/bin/hello
[sun@localhost build]$ tree myproj/
myproj/
├── bin
│ ├── hello
│ ├── runhello.sh
│ └── run.sh
└── share
└── doc
└── cmake
└── t2
├── COPYRIGHT
├── hello.txt
└── README
5 directories, 6 files