对于DBA来说，启动和关闭oracle监听器是很基础的任务，但是Linux系统管理员或者程序员有时也需要在开发数据库中做一些基本的DBA操作，因此了解一些基本的管理操作对他们来说很重要。
本文将讨论用LSNRCTL命令启动、关闭和查看监听器的状态的方法。
怎样启动、关闭和重新启动oracle监听器
在启动、关闭或者重启oracle监听器之前确保使用lsnrctl status命令检查oracle监听器的状态。除了得到监听器的状态之外，你还可以从lsnrctl status命令的输出中得到如下的信息：
- 监听器的启动时间
- 监听器的运行时间
- 监听器参数文件listener.ora的位置，通常位于$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下
- 监听器日志文件的位置
如果oracle监听器没用运行，你将得到如下的信息
- $ lsnrctl status
- LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:39
- Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
- TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
- TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
- TNS-00511: No listener
- Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
- Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
- TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
- TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
- TNS-00511: No listener
- Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
如果oracle监听器正在运行，你将得到如下信息
- $ lsnrctl status
- LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:02
- Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
- STATUS of the LISTENER
- ————————
- Alias LISTENER
- Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
- Start Date 29-APR-2009 18:43:13
- Uptime 6 days 21 hr. 43 min. 49 sec
- Trace Level off
- Security ON: Local OS Authentication
- SNMP OFF
- Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora
- Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml
- Listening Endpoints Summary…
- (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
- (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
- Services Summary…
- Service “devdb” has 1 instance(s).
- Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
- Service “devdb.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s).
- Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
- Service “devdbXDB.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s).
- Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
- Service “devdb_XPT.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s).
- Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
- The command completed successfully
2.启动oracle监听器
如果oracle监听器没用运行，你可以用lsnrctl start命令启动oracle监听器，该命令将启动所有的监听器，如果你只想启动特定的监听器，可以再start后面指定监听器的名字，例如：lsnrctl start [listener-name]。
- $ lsnrctl start
- LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:42
- Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/bin/tnslsnr: please wait…
- TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
- System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora
- Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml
- Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
- Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
- Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
- STATUS of the LISTENER
- ————————
- Alias LISTENER
- Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
- Start Date 04-APR-2009 16:27:42
- Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
- Trace Level off
- Security ON: Local OS Authentication
- SNMP OFF
- Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora
- Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml
- Listening Endpoints Summary…
- (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
- (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
- Services Summary…
- Service “devdb” has 1 instance(s).
- Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
- The command completed successfully
3.关闭oracle监听器
如果oracle监听器正在运行，可以使用lsnrctl stop命令关闭oracle监听器，该命令将关闭所有的监听器，如果你只想关闭特定的监听器，可以再stop后面指定监听器的名字，例如：lsnrctl stop [listener-name]
- $ lsnrctl stop
- LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:37
- Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
- The command completed successfully
4.重启oracle监听器
用lsnrctl reload重启监听器，此命令可以代替lsnrctl stop和lsnrctl start。重启将会在不需要关闭和启动监听器的情况下读取listener.ora的配置。
- $ lsnrctl reload
- LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 17:03:31
- Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
- The command completed successfully
Oracle监听器帮助
1.查看所有的监听器命令
lsnrctl hep命令可以显示所有可用的监听器命令。在oracle11g中其输出如下：
- start - Start the Oracle listener
- stop - Stop the Oracle listener
- status - Display the current status of the Oracle listener
- services - Retrieve the listener services information
- version - Display the oracle listener version information
- reload - This will reload the oracle listener SID and parameter files. This is equivalent to lsnrctl stop and lsnrctl start.
- save_config - This will save the current settings to the listener.ora file and also take a backup of the listener.ora file before overwriting it. If there are no changes, it will display the message “No changes to save for LISTENER”
- trace - Enable the tracing at the listener level. The available options are ‘trace OFF’, ‘trace USER’, ‘trace ADMIN’ or ‘trace SUPPORT’
- spawn - Spawns a new with the program with the spawn_alias mentioned in the listener.ora file
- change_password - Set the new password to the oracle listener (or) change the existing listener password.
- show - Display log files and other relevant listener information.
- $ lsnrctl help
- LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:12:09
- Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- The following operations are available
- An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command:
- start stop status
- services version reload
- save_config trace spawn
- change_password quit exit
- set* show*
2.得到指定监听器命令的详细帮助信息
可以使用lsnrctl help得到指定的命令的详细帮助信息。如下所示
- $ lsnrctl help show
- LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:22:28
- Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- The following operations are available after show
- An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command:
- rawmode displaymode
- rules trc_file
- trc_directory trc_level
- log_file log_directory
- log_status current_listener
- inbound_connect_timeout startup_waittime
- snmp_visible save_config_on_stop
- dynamic_registration