个人原创，转帖请注明来源:cnblogs.com/jailbreaker
一、调试平台搭建
1、GNU Debugger。首先安装ios下的gdb调试器，添加源：cydia.radare.org 。搜索 GNU Debugger，安装之。（有些源的GDB好像不能用，这个测试没问题）
2、openSSH。这个应该都会装，没装过的参考，http://www.cnblogs.com/jailbreaker/p/4142609.html
3、adv-cmds。添加源：apt.saurik.com(这个应该是默认源里的一个)。
二、附加步骤
1、首先在ios中打开你要调试的app。
2、远程ssh登陆到ios。
login as: root root@192.168.0.2's password: iPhone:~ root#
3、使用adv-cmds的工具，便利下系统中的所有进程号。
iPhone:~ root# ps -ax 366 ?? 1:50.90 /var/mobile/Containers/Bundle/Application/653EB29F-15A7-48BA-9226-69C4CF690771/sb.app/sb
//或者ps -ax -c 省略路径
前面366就是进程号。（随便找了个进程，只是举个列子而已）
比较常用的ps命令有：
//查找名字为QQ的app，-c为省略路径
iPhone:~ root# ps aux -c|grep QQ mobile 1776 0.0 5.2 726108 53952 ?? Ss 7:08PM 0:09.13 QQ
//查找名字为disco字符的app，并且显示启动参数
iPhone:~ root# ps -ae|grep disco
80 ?? 0:20.99 /usr/libexec/discoveryd --udsocket standard --loglevel Basic --logclass Everything --logto asl
176 ?? 0:00.24 /usr/libexec/discoveryd_helper --loglevel Detailed --logclass Everything --logto asl
4、使用gdb 附加366号进程
iPhone:~ root# gdb -p 366 /usr/bin/gdb: line 55: awk: command not found warning: unrecognized host cpusubtype , defaulting to host==armv7. GNU gdb 6.3.50-20050815 (Apple version gdb-1708 + reverse.put.as patches v0.4) (Mon Apr 16 00:53:47 UTC 2012) Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions. Type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "arm-apple-darwin".
.....省略若干代码
0x38e0e4f0 in mach_msg_trap () (gdb)
好了，附加成功。下面可以开始输入命令进行调试。
三、常用调试命令详解
首先讲一点，gdb中的命令是可以缩写的，只要包含首字母，并不引起歧义就可以使用，比如 break，可以输入b，字母必须是连续的（br可以，ba就不行）。
一些指令都是配套使用的，所以为了讲解用法，有些指令会提前简单说一下用法。
我将调试命令分为三种：
1、控制命令，包括下断、单步等命令，顾名思义就是控制代码流程的命令。
1.1 break，下断命令。
1.1.1 函数下断：已知函数名，对代码进行下断。
(gdb) b CFRunLoopRunInMode Breakpoint 3 at 0x2aef7176 (gdb) i b Num Type Disp Enb Address What 3 breakpoint keep y 0x2aef7176 <CFRunLoopRunInMode+14>
i b 是 info break的缩写，功能为列出当前断点列表。
1.1.2 不知道函数名，只知道在ida等反汇编引擎中的地址。
我们知道目标函数在ida中的文件偏移。
1 (gdb) info sh 2 The DYLD shared library state has not yet been initialized. 3 Requested State Current State 4 Num Basename Type Address Reason | | Source 5 | | | | | | | | 6 1 sb - 0x4000 exec C C /private/var/mobile/Containers/Bundle/Application/...(太长省略)
我们得到了加载基址是0x4000，那么 将文件偏移0x190EC + 0x4000 得到的地址是当前app 我们要下断的地址0x1D0EC。
(gdb) b * 0x1d0ec Breakpoint 4 at 0x1d0ec
1.2 delete/disable/enable 删除/取消/激活 断点。参数为在info b中的断点号，
(gdb) b *0x690ec
Breakpoint 2 at 0x690ec
(gdb) disable 2
(gdb) info b
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
2 breakpoint keep n 0x000690ec <_mh_execute_header+37100>
(gdb) enable 2
(gdb) info b
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
2 breakpoint keep y 0x000690ec <_mh_execute_header+37100>
(gdb) d 2
(gdb) info b
No breakpoints or watchpoints.
1.3 nexti 单步补过。当执行函数调用指令时，跳过该指令。相当于 od F8
(gdb) ni 0x38e0e4f4 in mach_msg_trap ()
1.4 stepi 单步步入。当执行函数调用指令时，进入函数。相当于od F7
(gdb) si 0x38e0e2e8 in mach_msg ()
1.5 Continue 继续运行，相当于OD F9
1.6 run 运行一个app，没用过，现在都是附加，以后再追加这段内容。
1.7 finish 结束当前函数，相当于OD的运行到返回。
(gdb) finish Run till exit from #0 0x000690ec in _mh_execute_header () 0x000690ec in _mh_execute_header ()
1.8
2、输出命令
2.1 info break 查询断点
(gdb) info b Num Type Disp Enb Address What 1 breakpoint keep y 0x00013cb8
2.2 查询dylib
(gdb) info sh
The DYLD shared library state has not yet been initialized.
2.3 查询当前寄存器信息
(gdb) (gdb) info reg Undefined command: "". Try "help". (gdb) r0 0x10004005 268451845 Undefined command: "r0". Try "help". (gdb) r1 0x7000806 117442566 Undefined command: "r1". Try "help". (gdb) r2 0x0 0 Undefined command: "r2". Try "help". (gdb) r3 0xc00 3072 Undefined command: "r3". Try "help". (gdb) r4 0x0 0 Undefined command: "r4". Try "help". (gdb) r5 0x1c03 7171 Undefined command: "r5". Try "help". (gdb) r6 0x0 0 Undefined command: "r6". Try "help". (gdb) r7 0x1c8df0 1871344 Undefined command: "r7". Try "help". (gdb) r8 0xc00 3072 Undefined command: "r8". Try "help". (gdb) r9 0x549ff237 1419768375 Undefined command: "r9". Try "help". (gdb) r10 0x7000806 117442566 Undefined command: "r10". Try "help". (gdb) r11 0x7000806 117442566 Undefined command: "r11". Try "help". (gdb) r12 0xffffffe1 -31 Undefined command: "r12". Try "help". (gdb) sp 0x1c8dc4 1871300 Undefined command: "sp". Try "help". (gdb) lr 0x38e0e2e9 954262249 Undefined command: "lr". Try "help". (gdb) pc 0x38e0e2e8 954262248 Undefined command: "pc". Try "help". cpsr { 0x60000030, n = 0x0, z = 0x1, c = 0x1, v = 0x0, q = 0x0, j = 0x0, ge = 0x0, e = 0x0, a = 0x0, i = 0x0, f = 0x0, (gdb) cpsr { Undefined command: "cpsr". Try "help". (gdb) 0x60000030, Undefined command: "0x60000030". Try "help". (gdb) n = 0x0, A syntax error in expression, near `= 0x0,'. (gdb) z = 0x1, Undefined command: "z". Try "help". (gdb) c = 0x1, Not stopped at any breakpoint; argument ignored. Continuing. v = 0x0, q = 0x0, j = 0x0, ge = 0x0, e = 0x0, a = 0x0, i = 0x0, f = 0x0, t = 0x1, mode = 0x10 } { 0x60000030, n = 0, z = 1, c = 1, v = 0, q = 0, j = 0, ge = 0, e = 0, a = 0, i = 0, f = 0, t = 1, mode = usr } (gdb)
2.4 Backtrace 查询当前调用堆栈
(gdb) bt #0 0x38e0e4f0 in mach_msg_trap () #1 0x38e0e2e8 in mach_msg () #2 0x2afab31a in <redacted> () #3 0x2afa98c0 in <redacted> () #4 0x2aef73c0 in CFRunLoopRunSpecific () #5 0x2aef71d2 in CFRunLoopRunInMode () #6 0x2bc30bfc in <redacted> () #7 0x2bc7f0bc in <redacted> () #8 0x0007fd3e in _mh_execute_header () #9 0x0007fb40 in _mh_execute_header () (gdb)
2.5 disassemble 反汇编 可以dump内存，没用过
(gdb) help disassemble Disassemble a specified section of memory. Default is the function surrounding the pc of the selected frame. With a single argument, the function surrounding that address is dumped. Two arguments are taken as a range of memory to dump.
2.6 print 打印命令
可以打印变量，寄存器。
(gdb) p $r0 $3 = 383366272 (gdb) p/x $r1 $4 = 0xb2acbc12
//打印指针，一级，二级
(gdb) info f Stack level 0, frame at 0x1afaf0: pc = 0x690ec in _mh_execute_header; saved pc 0x690ec called by frame at 0x1afaf0 Arglist at 0x1afaf0, args: Locals at 0x1afaf0,
(gdb) p/x *0x1afaf0 $7 = 0x387e7f41
(gdb) p/x **0x1afaf0
$8 = 0xf8d0b1
打印flag寄存器
(gdb) p $cpsr $1 = { 0x20000030, n = 0x0, z = 0x0, c = 0x1, v = 0x0, q = 0x0, j = 0x0, ge = 0x0, e = 0x0, a = 0x0, i = 0x0, f = 0x0, t = 0x1, mode = 0x10 }
2.7 info frame打印当前栈帧信息，同上 info f
2.8 x 命令，没找到全称是啥，查看内存地址中的值
(gdb) help x Examine memory: x/FMT ADDRESS. ADDRESS is an expression for the memory address to examine. FMT is a repeat count followed by a format letter and a size letter. Format letters are o(octal), x(hex), d(decimal), u(unsigned decimal), t(binary), f(float), a(address), i(instruction), c(char) and s(string), T(OSType), A(floating point values in hex). Size letters are b(byte), h(halfword), w(word), g(giant, 8 bytes). The specified number of objects of the specified size are printed according to the format. Defaults for format and size letters are those previously used. Default count is 1. Default address is following last thing printed with this command or "print".
x /nfu 0x<addr>：查看内存地址中的值。
n表示要显示的内存单元的个数
f表示显示方式, 可取如下值
x 按十六进制格式显示变量。
d 按十进制格式显示变量。
u 按十进制格式显示无符号整型。
o 按八进制格式显示变量。
t 按二进制格式显示变量。
a 按十六进制格式显示变量。
i 指令地址格式
c 按字符格式显示变量。
f 按浮点数格式显示变量。
u表示一个地址单元的长度
b表示单字节，
h表示双字节，
w表示四字节，
g表示八字节
可以用来查看当前汇编代码：
(gdb) x/5i $pc 0x690ec: 9a 90 9e 98 ldmls lr, {r1, r3, r4, r7, r12, pc} 0x690f0: 03 28 26 d1 teqle r6, r3, lsl #16 0x690f4: 4b f2 a4 20 adccs pc, r4, r11, asr #4 0x690f8: c0 f2 03 00 andeq pc, r3, r0, asr #5 0x690fc: 78 44 00 68 stmdavs r0, {r3, r4, r5, r6, r10, lr}
错误
(gdb) x/5ih $pc 0x690ec: 9a 90 str r0, [sp, #616] 0x690ee: 9e 98 ldr r0, [sp, #632] 0x690f0: 03 28 cmp r0, #3 0x690f2: 26 d1 bne.n 0x69142 0x690f4: 4b f2 a4 20 movw r0, #45732 ; 0xb2a4
正确。需要指定指令最小长度？
2.7 print-object (po) 打印object对象。非常有用。
(gdb) po $r0 /private/var..
r0 是一个NSString
三、输入命令
3.1 set 修改寄存器与内存命令。
(gdb) p $r0 $10 = 5 (gdb) set $r0=100 (gdb) p $r0 $11 = 100
3.2 signal 向程序发送信号。UNIX的系统信号量通常从1到15，所以<signal>取值也在这个范围。
还有那些比较常用的指令还望指出。
详细的blog有：
http://blog.csdn.net/21cnbao/article/details/7385161
http://www.cnblogs.com/visayafan/archive/2011/09/27/2193632.html