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  • @RequestBody 和@ResponseBody 注解详解

    简介:

    @RequestBody

    作用: 

          i) 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上;

          ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上。

    使用时机:

    A) GET、POST方式提时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:

    •     application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可选(即非必须,因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以处理,当然@RequestBody也能处理);
    •     multipart/form-data, 不能处理(即使用@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据);
    •     其他格式, 必须(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。这些格式的数据,必须使用@RequestBody来处理);

    B) PUT方式提交时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:

    •     application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必须;
    •     multipart/form-data, 不能处理;
    •     其他格式, 必须;

    说明:request的body部分的数据编码格式由header部分的Content-Type指定;

    @ResponseBody

    作用: 

          该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。

    使用时机:

          返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用;

    HttpMessageConverter(HTTP消息转化器)

     1 * Strategy interface that specifies a converter that can convert from and to HTTP requests and responses.  
     2  *  
     3  * @author Arjen Poutsma  
     4  * @author Juergen Hoeller  
     5  * @since 3.0  
     6  */  
     7 public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {  
     8   
     9     /** 
    10      * Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter. 
    11      * @param clazz the class to test for readability 
    12      * @param mediaType the media type to read, can be {@code null} if not specified. 
    13      * Typically the value of a {@code Content-Type} header. 
    14      * @return {@code true} if readable; {@code false} otherwise 
    15      */  
    16     boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);  
    17   
    18     /** 
    19      * Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter. 
    20      * @param clazz the class to test for writability 
    21      * @param mediaType the media type to write, can be {@code null} if not specified. 
    22      * Typically the value of an {@code Accept} header. 
    23      * @return {@code true} if writable; {@code false} otherwise 
    24      */  
    25     boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);  
    26   
    27     /** 
    28      * Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter. 
    29      * @return the list of supported media types 
    30      */  
    31     List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes();  
    32   
    33     /** 
    34      * Read an object of the given type form the given input message, and returns it. 
    35      * @param clazz the type of object to return. This type must have previously been passed to the 
    36      * {@link #canRead canRead} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. 
    37      * @param inputMessage the HTTP input message to read from 
    38      * @return the converted object 
    39      * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors 
    40      * @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException in case of conversion errors 
    41      */  
    42     T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)  
    43             throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;  
    44   
    45     /** 
    46      * Write an given object to the given output message. 
    47      * @param t the object to write to the output message. The type of this object must have previously been 
    48      * passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. 
    49      * @param contentType the content type to use when writing. May be {@code null} to indicate that the 
    50      * default content type of the converter must be used. If not {@code null}, this media type must have 
    51      * previously been passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have 
    52      * returned {@code true}. 
    53      * @param outputMessage the message to write to 
    54      * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors 
    55      * @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException in case of conversion errors 
    56      */  
    57     void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)  
    58             throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;  
    59   
    60 }  

    该接口定义了四个方法,分别是读取数据时的 canRead(), read() 和 写入数据时的canWrite(), write()方法。

    在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />标签配置时,默认配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(注意是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,详情查看Spring 3.1 document “16.14 Configuring Spring MVC”章节),并为他配置了一下默认的HttpMessageConverter:

     1   ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter converts byte arrays.  
     2   
     3     StringHttpMessageConverter converts strings.  
     4   
     5     ResourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from org.springframework.core.io.Resource for all media types.  
     6   
     7     SourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from a javax.xml.transform.Source.  
     8   
     9     FormHttpMessageConverter converts form data to/from a MultiValueMap<String, String>.  
    10   
    11     Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter converts Java objects to/from XML — added if JAXB2 is present on the classpath.  
    12   
    13     MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter converts to/from JSON — added if Jackson is present on the classpath.  
    14   
    15     AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter converts Atom feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.  
    16   
    17     RssChannelHttpMessageConverter converts RSS feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.  
     1 ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;  
     2   
     3 StringHttpMessageConverter:   负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;  
     4   
     5   
     6 ResourceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据;   
     7   
     8 FormHttpMessageConverter:       负责读取form提交的数据(能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据);负责写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据;  
     9   
    10   
    11 MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter:  负责读取和写入json格式的数据;  
    12   
    13  
    14 SouceHttpMessageConverter:           负责读取和写入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据;  
    15   
    16 Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter:  负责读取和写入xml 标签格式的数据;  
    17   
    18   
    19 AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter:          负责读取和写入Atom格式的数据;  
    20   
    21 RssChannelHttpMessageConverter:        负责读取和写入RSS格式的数据;  
    22   
    23   
    24 当使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解时,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter就使用它们来进行读取或者写入相应格式的数据

    HttpMessageConverter匹配过程:

    @RequestBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型,逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据;

    spring 3.1源代码如下:

     1 private Object readWithMessageConverters(MethodParameter methodParam, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, Class paramType)  
     2             throws Exception {  
     3   
     4         MediaType contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();  
     5         if (contentType == null) {  
     6             StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));  
     7             String paramName = methodParam.getParameterName();  
     8             if (paramName != null) {  
     9                 builder.append(' ');  
    10                 builder.append(paramName);  
    11             }  
    12             throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(  
    13                     "Cannot extract parameter (" + builder.toString() + "): no Content-Type found");  
    14         }  
    15   
    16         List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();  
    17         if (this.messageConverters != null) {  
    18             for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) {  
    19                 allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());  
    20                 if (messageConverter.canRead(paramType, contentType)) {  
    21                     if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {  
    22                         logger.debug("Reading [" + paramType.getName() + "] as "" + contentType  
    23                                 +"" using [" + messageConverter + "]");  
    24                     }  
    25                     return messageConverter.read(paramType, inputMessage);  
    26                 }  
    27             }  
    28         }  
    29         throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, allSupportedMediaTypes);  
    30     } 

    @ResponseBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性(逗号分隔),逐一按accept中的类型,去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter;

    源代码如下:

     1 private void writeWithMessageConverters(Object returnValue,  
     2                 HttpInputMessage inputMessage, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)  
     3                 throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {  
     4             List<MediaType> acceptedMediaTypes = inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept();  
     5             if (acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {  
     6                 acceptedMediaTypes = Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);  
     7             }  
     8             MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes);  
     9             Class<?> returnValueType = returnValue.getClass();  
    10             List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();  
    11             if (getMessageConverters() != null) {  
    12                 for (MediaType acceptedMediaType : acceptedMediaTypes) {  
    13                     for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : getMessageConverters()) {  
    14                         if (messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType, acceptedMediaType)) {  
    15                             messageConverter.write(returnValue, acceptedMediaType, outputMessage);  
    16                             if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {  
    17                                 MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();  
    18                                 if (contentType == null) {  
    19                                     contentType = acceptedMediaType;  
    20                                 }  
    21                                 logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as "" + contentType +  
    22                                         "" using [" + messageConverter + "]");  
    23                             }  
    24                             this.responseArgumentUsed = true;  
    25                             return;  
    26                         }  
    27                     }  
    28                 }  
    29                 for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : messageConverters) {  
    30                     allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());  
    31                 }  
    32             }  
    33             throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes);  
    34         } 
     

    补充:

    MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 调用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传入Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时,不使用@RequestBody注解,而应该这样处理:
    1、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
    2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
    直接输出到body区,然后的视图为void。

    参考资料:

    1、 Spring 3.1 Doc: 

    spring-3.1.0/docs/spring-framework-reference/html/mvc.html
    

    2、Spring 3.x MVC 入门4 -- @ResponseBody & @RequestBody

    转载地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/qq78292959/p/3760651.html

    ok 上面讲解了实现的过程,简单的可以理解为只要有对应协议的解析器,你就可以通过几行配置,几个注解完成协议——对象的转换工作。

    注意:Spring默认的json协议解析由Jackson完成,所以要添加jackson.jar包。

    使用@ResponseBody  带来的好处就是由spring 将协议转化为对象,不用我们自己再去转化 同样@RequestBody也是,比如我们在前台传递了参数而controller中使用@RequestBody 则可以直接获得pojo对象,不用我们再去获取参数,组装对象。

    下面看看小demo

    1、前端代码post提交:

     1 function profilep() {  
     2         // 组装json格式数据  
     3         var mydata = '{"name":"' + $('#name').val() + '","id":"'  
     4                 + $('#id').val() + '","password":"' + $('#password').val()  
     5                 + '"}';  
     6         $.ajaxSetup({  
     7             contentType : 'application/json'  
     8         });   
     9         $.post('http://localhost:18080/website2/user/save2.do', mydata,  
    10                 function(data) {  
    11                     alert("id: " + data.id + "
    name: " + data.name  
    12                             + "password: " + data.password);  
    13                 }, 'json');  
    14     } 

    2、后台代码:

     1 @ResponseBody  
     2 @RequestMapping(value = "/save2.do"  ,method = RequestMethod.POST)  
     3 // 知己接收对象,因@RequestBody spring 帮我们处理了 协议到对象的这个过程  
     4 public User info2(@RequestBody User user) {  
     5     String id = user.getId();  
     6     String name = user.getName();  
     7     String password = user.getPassword();  
     8     Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();  
     9     map.put("id", id);  
    10     map.put("name", name);  
    11     map.put("password", password);  
    12     userService.saveUser(map);  
    13     User user2= new User(id,name,password);  
    14     // 直接返回对象,因@ResponseBody spring 会帮我们处理对象和协议之间的转化  
    15     return user2;  
    16     }  

    3、上面两个都是post方法其实get方法也是一样的:

     前端代码:

     1 function profile() {  
     2     var url = 'http://localhost:18080/website2/user/save.do?';  
     3     var query = 'id=' + $('#id').val() + '&name=' + $('#name').val()  
     4             + '&password=' + $('#password').val();  
     5     url += query;  
     6     $.get(url, function(data) {  
     7         alert("id: " + data.id + "
    name: " + data.name + "
    status: "  
     8                 + data.password);  
     9     });  
    10 } 

    后台代码:

     1 @ResponseBody  
     2 @RequestMapping(value = "/save.do"  ,method = RequestMethod.GET)  
     3 public User info(HttpServletRequest request) {  
     4     String id = request.getParameter("id");  
     5     String name = request.getParameter("name");  
     6     String password = request.getParameter("password");  
     7     Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();  
     8     map.put("id", id);  
     9     map.put("name", name);  
    10     map.put("password", password);  
    11     userService.saveUser(map);  
    12     User user= new User(id,name,password);  
    13     return user;  
    14     } 

    上面的$.get方法是使用GET方式进行异步请求。$.post方法使用POST方式来进行异步请求。

    $.get 、$.post 方法的格式相同,这里就以$.get为列:

    $.get(url [, data] [, callback] [, type])

    url:请求的HTML页的URL地址

    data(可选):发送至服务器的key/value数据会未为QueryString附加到请求URL中

    callback(可选):载入成功时回调函数(即当Response的返回状态为success才调用)自动将请求结果和状态传递给该方法

    type(可选):服务器端返回内容的格式,包括xml,html,script,json,text和_default.

    这个格式通过上面的post方法和get方法可以看到,像post的那个方法就比较完整!

    本文转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/caoyc/p/5644730.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jasonZh/p/8762430.html
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