作者：飞污熊
https://xncoding.com/2018/01/09/java/jsons.html
本篇通过JMH来测试一下Java中几种常见的JSON解析库的性能。每次都在网上看到别人说什么某某库性能是如何如何的好，碾压其他的库。但是百闻不如一见，只有自己亲手测试过的才是最值得相信的。
JSON不管是在Web开发还是服务器开发中是相当常见的数据传输格式，一般情况我们对于JSON解析构造的性能并不需要过于关心，除非是在性能要求比较高的系统。
目前对于Java开源的JSON类库有很多种，下面我们取4个常用的JSON库进行性能测试对比， 同时根据测试结果分析如果根据实际应用场景选择最合适的JSON库。
这4个JSON类库分别为：Gson，FastJson，Jackson，Json-lib。
简单介绍
选择一个合适的JSON库要从多个方面进行考虑：
字符串解析成JSON性能
字符串解析成JavaBean性能
JavaBean构造JSON性能
集合构造JSON性能
易用性
先简单介绍下四个类库的身份背景。
Gson
项目地址：https://github.com/google/gson
Gson是目前功能最全的Json解析神器，Gson当初是为因应Google公司内部需求而由Google自行研发而来，但自从在2008年五月公开发布第一版后已被许多公司或用户应用。
Gson的应用主要为toJson与fromJson两个转换函数，无依赖，不需要例外额外的jar，能够直接跑在JDK上。
在使用这种对象转换之前，需先创建好对象的类型以及其成员才能成功的将JSON字符串成功转换成相对应的对象。类里面只要有get和set方法，Gson完全可以实现复杂类型的json到bean或bean到json的转换，是JSON解析的神器。推荐阅读：来，重新认识一个强大的 Gson！
FastJson
项目地址：https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson
Fastjson是一个Java语言编写的高性能的JSON处理器,由阿里巴巴公司开发。无依赖，不需要例外额外的jar，能够直接跑在JDK上。
FastJson在复杂类型的Bean转换Json上会出现一些问题，可能会出现引用的类型，导致Json转换出错，需要制定引用。FastJson采用独创的算法，将parse的速度提升到极致，超过所有json库。
Jackson
项目地址：https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson
Jackson是当前用的比较广泛的，用来序列化和反序列化json的Java开源框架。
Jackson社区相对比较活跃，更新速度也比较快， 从Github中的统计来看，Jackson是最流行的json解析器之一，Spring MVC的默认json解析器便是Jackson。推荐阅读：Spring Boot 返回 JSON 数据，一分钟搞定！
Jackson优点很多：
Jackson 所依赖的jar包较少，简单易用。
与其他 Java 的 json 的框架 Gson 等相比，Jackson 解析大的 json 文件速度比较快。
Jackson 运行时占用内存比较低，性能比较好
Jackson 有灵活的 API，可以很容易进行扩展和定制。
目前最新版本是2.9.4，Jackson 的核心模块由三部分组成：
jackson-core 核心包，提供基于”流模式”解析的相关 API，它包括 JsonPaser 和 JsonGenerator。Jackson 内部实现正是通过高性能的流模式 API 的 JsonGenerator 和 JsonParser 来生成和解析 json。
jackson-annotations 注解包，提供标准注解功能；
jackson-databind 数据绑定包，提供基于”对象绑定” 解析的相关 API（ ObjectMapper ）和”树模型” 解析的相关 API（JsonNode）；基于”对象绑定” 解析的 API 和”树模型”解析的 API 依赖基于”流模式”解析的 API。
Json-lib
项目地址：http://json-lib.sourceforge.net/index.html
json-lib最开始的也是应用最广泛的json解析工具，json-lib 不好的地方确实是依赖于很多第三方包，对于复杂类型的转换，json-lib对于json转换成bean还有缺陷， 比如一个类里面会出现另一个类的list或者map集合，json-lib从json到bean的转换就会出现问题。json-lib在功能和性能上面都不能满足现在互联网化的需求。
编写性能测试
接下来开始编写这四个库的性能测试代码。
添加maven依赖
当然首先是添加四个库的maven依赖，公平起见，我全部使用它们最新的版本：
<!-- Json libs--><dependency> <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId> <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <classifier>jdk15</classifier></dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.46</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.4</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>2.9.4</version></dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
<artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<classifier>jdk15</classifier>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.46</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.9.4</version>
</dependency>
四个库的工具类
FastJsonUtil.java
public class FastJsonUtil { public static String bean2Json(Object obj) { return JSON.toJSONString(obj); } public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr, Class<T> objClass) { return JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, objClass); }}class FastJsonUtil {
public static String bean2Json(Object obj) {
return JSON.toJSONString(obj);
}
public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr, Class<T> objClass) {
return JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, objClass);
}
}
GsonUtil.java
public class GsonUtil { private static Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create(); public static String bean2Json(Object obj) { return gson.toJson(obj); } public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr, Class<T> objClass) { return gson.fromJson(jsonStr, objClass); } public static String jsonFormatter(String uglyJsonStr) { Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create(); JsonParser jp = new JsonParser(); JsonElement je = jp.parse(uglyJsonStr); return gson.toJson(je); }}class GsonUtil {
private static Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
public static String bean2Json(Object obj) {
return gson.toJson(obj);
}
public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr, Class<T> objClass) {
return gson.fromJson(jsonStr, objClass);
}
public static String jsonFormatter(String uglyJsonStr) {
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create();
JsonParser jp = new JsonParser();
JsonElement je = jp.parse(uglyJsonStr);
return gson.toJson(je);
}
}
JacksonUtil.java
public class JacksonUtil { private static ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); public static String bean2Json(Object obj) { try { return mapper.writeValueAsString(obj); } catch (JsonProcessingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr, Class<T> objClass) { try { return mapper.readValue(jsonStr, objClass); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } }}class JacksonUtil {
private static ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
public static String bean2Json(Object obj) {
try {
return mapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr, Class<T> objClass) {
try {
return mapper.readValue(jsonStr, objClass);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
}
JsonLibUtil.java
public class JsonLibUtil { public static String bean2Json(Object obj) { JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(obj); return jsonObject.toString(); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr, Class<T> objClass) { return (T) JSONObject.toBean(JSONObject.fromObject(jsonStr), objClass); }}class JsonLibUtil {
public static String bean2Json(Object obj) {
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(obj);
return jsonObject.toString();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr, Class<T> objClass) {
return (T) JSONObject.toBean(JSONObject.fromObject(jsonStr), objClass);
}
}
准备Model类
这里我写一个简单的Person类，同时属性有Date、List、Map和自定义的类FullName，最大程度模拟真实场景。
public class Person { private String name; private FullName fullName; private int age; private Date birthday; private List<String> hobbies; private Map<String, String> clothes; private List<Person> friends; // getter/setter省略 @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder("Person [name=" + name + ", fullName=" + fullName + ", age=" + age + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", hobbies=" + hobbies + ", clothes=" + clothes + "]"); if (friends != null) { str.append("Friends:"); for (Person f : friends) { str.append(" ").append(f); } } return str.toString(); }}class Person {
private String name;
private FullName fullName;
private int age;
private Date birthday;
private List<String> hobbies;
private Map<String, String> clothes;
private List<Person> friends;
// getter/setter省略
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder("Person [name=" + name + ", fullName=" + fullName + ", age="
+ age + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", hobbies=" + hobbies
+ ", clothes=" + clothes + "]
");
if (friends != null) {
str.append("Friends:
");
for (Person f : friends) {
str.append(" ").append(f);
}
}
return str.toString();
}
}
public class FullName { private String firstName; private String middleName; private String lastName; public FullName() { } public FullName(String firstName, String middleName, String lastName) { this.firstName = firstName; this.middleName = middleName; this.lastName = lastName; } // 省略getter和setter @Override public String toString() { return "[firstName=" + firstName + ", middleName=" + middleName + ", lastName=" + lastName + "]"; }}class FullName {
private String firstName;
private String middleName;
private String lastName;
public FullName() {
}
public FullName(String firstName, String middleName, String lastName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.middleName = middleName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
// 省略getter和setter
@Override
public String toString() {
return "[firstName=" + firstName + ", middleName="
+ middleName + ", lastName=" + lastName + "]";
}
}
JSON序列化性能基准测试
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.SingleShotTime)@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.SECONDS)@State(Scope.Benchmark)public class JsonSerializeBenchmark { /** * 序列化次数参数 */ @Param({"1000", "10000", "100000"}) private int count; private Person p; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Options opt = new OptionsBuilder() .include(JsonSerializeBenchmark.class.getSimpleName()) .forks(1) .warmupIterations(0) .build(); Collection<RunResult> results = new Runner(opt).run(); ResultExporter.exportResult("JSON序列化性能", results, "count", "秒"); } @Benchmark public void JsonLib() { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { JsonLibUtil.bean2Json(p); } } @Benchmark public void Gson() { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { GsonUtil.bean2Json(p); } } @Benchmark public void FastJson() { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { FastJsonUtil.bean2Json(p); } } @Benchmark public void Jackson() { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { JacksonUtil.bean2Json(p); } } @Setup public void prepare() { List<Person> friends=new ArrayList<Person>(); friends.add(createAPerson("小明",null)); friends.add(createAPerson("Tony",null)); friends.add(createAPerson("陈小二",null)); p=createAPerson("邵同学",friends); } @TearDown public void shutdown() { } private Person createAPerson(String name,List<Person> friends) { Person newPerson=new Person(); newPerson.setName(name); newPerson.setFullName(new FullName("zjj_first", "zjj_middle", "zjj_last")); newPerson.setAge(24); List<String> hobbies=new ArrayList<String>(); hobbies.add("篮球"); hobbies.add("游泳"); hobbies.add("coding"); newPerson.setHobbies(hobbies); Map<String,String> clothes=new HashMap<String, String>(); clothes.put("coat", "Nike"); clothes.put("trousers", "adidas"); clothes.put("shoes", "安踏"); newPerson.setClothes(clothes); newPerson.setFriends(friends); return newPerson; }}
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@State(Scope.Benchmark)
public class JsonSerializeBenchmark {
/**
* 序列化次数参数
*/
@Param({"1000", "10000", "100000"})
private int count;
private Person p;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
.include(JsonSerializeBenchmark.class.getSimpleName())
.forks(1)
.warmupIterations(0)
.build();
Collection<RunResult> results = new Runner(opt).run();
ResultExporter.exportResult("JSON序列化性能", results, "count", "秒");
}
@Benchmark
public void JsonLib() {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
JsonLibUtil.bean2Json(p);
}
}
@Benchmark
public void Gson() {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
GsonUtil.bean2Json(p);
}
}
@Benchmark
public void FastJson() {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
FastJsonUtil.bean2Json(p);
}
}
@Benchmark
public void Jackson() {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
JacksonUtil.bean2Json(p);
}
}
@Setup
public void prepare() {
List<Person> friends=new ArrayList<Person>();
friends.add(createAPerson("小明",null));
friends.add(createAPerson("Tony",null));
friends.add(createAPerson("陈小二",null));
p=createAPerson("邵同学",friends);
}
@TearDown
public void shutdown() {
}
private Person createAPerson(String name,List<Person> friends) {
Person newPerson=new Person();
newPerson.setName(name);
newPerson.setFullName(new FullName("zjj_first", "zjj_middle", "zjj_last"));
newPerson.setAge(24);
List<String> hobbies=new ArrayList<String>();
hobbies.add("篮球");
hobbies.add("游泳");
hobbies.add("coding");
newPerson.setHobbies(hobbies);
Map<String,String> clothes=new HashMap<String, String>();
clothes.put("coat", "Nike");
clothes.put("trousers", "adidas");
clothes.put("shoes", "安踏");
newPerson.setClothes(clothes);
newPerson.setFriends(friends);
return newPerson;
}
}
说明一下，上面的代码中
ResultExporter.exportResult("JSON序列化性能", results, "count", "秒");"count", "秒");
这个是我自己编写的将性能测试报告数据填充至Echarts图，然后导出png图片的方法。
执行后的结果图：
从上面的测试结果可以看出，序列化次数比较小的时候，Gson性能最好，当不断增加的时候到了100000，Gson明细弱于Jackson和FastJson， 这时候FastJson性能是真的牛，另外还可以看到不管数量少还是多，Jackson一直表现优异。而那个Json-lib简直就是来搞笑的。^_^
JSON反序列化性能基准测试
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.SingleShotTime)@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.SECONDS)@State(Scope.Benchmark)public class JsonDeserializeBenchmark { /** * 反序列化次数参数 */ @Param({"1000", "10000", "100000"}) private int count; private String jsonStr; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Options opt = new OptionsBuilder() .include(JsonDeserializeBenchmark.class.getSimpleName()) .forks(1) .warmupIterations(0) .build(); Collection<RunResult> results = new Runner(opt).run(); ResultExporter.exportResult("JSON反序列化性能", results, "count", "秒"); } @Benchmark public void JsonLib() { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { JsonLibUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class); } } @Benchmark public void Gson() { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { GsonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class); } } @Benchmark public void FastJson() { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { FastJsonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class); } } @Benchmark public void Jackson() { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { JacksonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class); } } @Setup public void prepare() { jsonStr="{"name":"邵同学","fullName":{"firstName":"zjj_first","middleName":"zjj_middle","lastName":"zjj_last"},"age":24,"birthday":null,"hobbies":["篮球","游泳","coding"],"clothes":{"shoes":"安踏","trousers":"adidas","coat":"Nike"},"friends":[{"name":"小明","fullName":{"firstName":"xxx_first","middleName":"xxx_middle","lastName":"xxx_last"},"age":24,"birthday":null,"hobbies":["篮球","游泳","coding"],"clothes":{"shoes":"安踏","trousers":"adidas","coat":"Nike"},"friends":null},{"name":"Tony","fullName":{"firstName":"xxx_first","middleName":"xxx_middle","lastName":"xxx_last"},"age":24,"birthday":null,"hobbies":["篮球","游泳","coding"],"clothes":{"shoes":"安踏","trousers":"adidas","coat":"Nike"},"friends":null},{"name":"陈小二","fullName":{"firstName":"xxx_first","middleName":"xxx_middle","lastName":"xxx_last"},"age":24,"birthday":null,"hobbies":["篮球","游泳","coding"],"clothes":{"shoes":"安踏","trousers":"adidas","coat":"Nike"},"friends":null}]}"; } @TearDown public void shutdown() { }}
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@State(Scope.Benchmark)
public class JsonDeserializeBenchmark {
/**
* 反序列化次数参数
*/
@Param({"1000", "10000", "100000"})
private int count;
private String jsonStr;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
.include(JsonDeserializeBenchmark.class.getSimpleName())
.forks(1)
.warmupIterations(0)
.build();
Collection<RunResult> results = new Runner(opt).run();
ResultExporter.exportResult("JSON反序列化性能", results, "count", "秒");
}
@Benchmark
public void JsonLib() {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
JsonLibUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
}
}
@Benchmark
public void Gson() {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
GsonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
}
}
@Benchmark
public void FastJson() {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
FastJsonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
}
}
@Benchmark
public void Jackson() {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
JacksonUtil.json2Bean(jsonStr, Person.class);
}
}
@Setup
public void prepare() {
jsonStr="{"name":"邵同学","fullName":{"firstName":"zjj_first","middleName":"zjj_middle","lastName":"zjj_last"},"age":24,"birthday":null,"hobbies":["篮球","游泳","coding"],"clothes":{"shoes":"安踏","trousers":"adidas","coat":"Nike"},"friends":[{"name":"小明","fullName":{"firstName":"xxx_first","middleName":"xxx_middle","lastName":"xxx_last"},"age":24,"birthday":null,"hobbies":["篮球","游泳","coding"],"clothes":{"shoes":"安踏","trousers":"adidas","coat":"Nike"},"friends":null},{"name":"Tony","fullName":{"firstName":"xxx_first","middleName":"xxx_middle","lastName":"xxx_last"},"age":24,"birthday":null,"hobbies":["篮球","游泳","coding"],"clothes":{"shoes":"安踏","trousers":"adidas","coat":"Nike"},"friends":null},{"name":"陈小二","fullName":{"firstName":"xxx_first","middleName":"xxx_middle","lastName":"xxx_last"},"age":24,"birthday":null,"hobbies":["篮球","游泳","coding"],"clothes":{"shoes":"安踏","trousers":"adidas","coat":"Nike"},"friends":null}]}";
}
@TearDown
public void shutdown() {
}
}
执行后的结果图：
从上面的测试结果可以看出，反序列化的时候，Gson、Jackson和FastJson区别不大，性能都很优异，而那个Json-lib还是来继续搞笑的。
以上就是几种几种主流JSON库的基本介绍，希望能对你有所帮助！
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