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[原]阿里云服务器操作实战部署C语言开发环境(vim配置,gcc) 部署J2EE网站(jdk,tomcat)

在公司呆久了, 感觉全身都生锈了, 突然心血来潮, 准备自己用java写一个网站.

选来选去, 最终感觉阿里云的服务器性价比蛮高的, 买了一个最便宜的配置用来学习用.

在家里配置了一下, 到了公司又不会配置了, 怕忘了写篇博客记录下来, 一通配置下来, 发现自己有运维工程师的潜质.

一. 配置服务器

1. 阿里云服务器相关的信息

阿里云会发一个短信到手机上, 上面有服务器的公网ip, root用户的用户名和密码.

先买一个月试用一下.

服务器还没有启用, 统计数据基本没啥用.

20G的磁盘

2. 使用SecureCRT终端连接

(1) 连接服务器

此时进入了终端, 界面比较戳 :

(2) 配置界面

选项 -> 会话选项进行如下配置 :

配置完之后的界面 :

界面看起来帅气多了.

3. 使用xftp上传文件

打开xftp之后就会弹出下面的对话框, 选择 New 按钮;

在这个界面配置连接服务器的参数, 注意要选择SFTP协议, 因为阿里云服务器默认选择没有安装FTP, 只能使用SFTP协议连接;

点击确定之后, 就会创建这个连接;

选择想要的连接, 点击connect按钮, 就可以连接到服务器上了.

root目录 :

根目录 :

上传一个文件示例 :

二. 配置C语言开发环境

1. 安装gcc

(1) 配置yum源

yum安装gcc很容易, 使用 yum -y install gcc 命令, 就可以安装gcc编译器, 但是除了一点问题:

yum命令 : 说明安装了yum

yum -y install gcc 命令安装gcc编译器 : 安装失败, 是因为没有安装yum源.

阿里云的服务器上安装了yum, 但是没有配置yum源, 这让人很郁闷, 尤其像我这种运维小白, 查资料吧, 终与搞定了;

yum源在 etc/yum.conf 文件中进行配置 :

阿里云服务器中的 yum.conf :

[main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum keepcache=0 debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log distroverpkg=redhat-release tolerant=1 exactarch=1 obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 plugins=1 exclude=*.i?86 kernel kernel-xen kernel-debug  # Note: yum-RHN-plugin doesn't honor this. metadata_expire=1h  # Default. # installonly_limit = 3  # PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo # in /etc/yum.repos.d

显然里面没有配置yum源, 需要在后面加上下面的内容 :

[base] name=CentOS-5 - Base baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5  [update] name=CentOS-5 - Updates baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5  [addons] name=CentOS-5 - Addons baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/addons/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5  [extras] name=CentOS-5 - Extras baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5  [centosplus] name=CentOS-5 - Plus baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5  #contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-5 - Contrib baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/contrib/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5  [dag] name=Dag RPM Repository for RHEL5 baseurl=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag/

将yum源追加到 etc/yum.conf 配置文件中即可.

(2) GPG keys 错误

由于yum安装了不同版本的 GPG keys, 会出现下面的错误 :

warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897

此时解决方法 : 执行 rpm --import http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 命令即可解决该问题;

(3) 安装gcc编译器

执行 yum -y install gcc 命令, 即可成功安装gcc编译器.

[root@AY13120614215362640bZ ~]# yum -y install gcc addons                                                                                                                                | 1.9 kB     00:00      base                                                                                                                                  | 1.1 kB     00:00      contrib                                                                                                                               | 1.9 kB     00:00      dag                                                                                                                                   | 1.9 kB     00:00      extras                                                                                                                                | 2.1 kB     00:00      update                                                                                                                                | 1.9 kB     00:00      Excluding Packages in global exclude list Finished Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-54.el5 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution  Dependencies Resolved  =============================================================================================================================================================  Package                           Arch                                 Version                                     Repository                          Size ============================================================================================================================================================= Installing:  gcc                               x86_64                               4.1.2-54.el5                                base                               5.3 M  Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================= Install      1 Package(s)          Update       0 Package(s)          Remove       0 Package(s)           Total download size: 5.3 M Downloading Packages: gcc-4.1.2-54.el5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                           | 5.3 MB     00:00      Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction   Installing     : gcc                                                                                                                                   1/1   Installed:   gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-54.el5                                                                                                                                    Complete!

验证gcc安装成功 : 输入 gcc --help 命令

[root@AY13120614215362640bZ ~]# gcc --help Usage: gcc [options] file... Options:   -pass-exit-codes         Exit with highest error code from a phase   --help                   Display this information   --target-help            Display target specific command line options   (Use '-v --help' to display command line options of sub-processes)   -dumpspecs               Display all of the built in spec strings   -dumpversion             Display the version of the compiler   -dumpmachine             Display the compiler's target processor   -print-search-dirs       Display the directories in the compiler's search path   -print-libgcc-file-name  Display the name of the compiler's companion library   -print-file-name=<lib>   Display the full path to library <lib>   -print-prog-name=<prog>  Display the full path to compiler component <prog>   -print-multi-directory   Display the root directory for versions of libgcc   -print-multi-lib         Display the mapping between command line options and                            multiple library search directories   -print-multi-os-directory Display the relative path to OS libraries   -Wa,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the assembler   -Wp,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the preprocessor   -Wl,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the linker   -Xassembler <arg>        Pass <arg> on to the assembler   -Xpreprocessor <arg>     Pass <arg> on to the preprocessor   -Xlinker <arg>           Pass <arg> on to the linker   -combine                 Pass multiple source files to compiler at once   -save-temps              Do not delete intermediate files   -pipe                    Use pipes rather than intermediate files   -time                    Time the execution of each subprocess   -specs=<file>            Override built-in specs with the contents of <file>   -std=<standard>          Assume that the input sources are for <standard>   --sysroot=<directory>    Use <directory> as the root directory for headers                            for headers and libraries   -B <directory>           Add <directory> to the compiler's search paths   -b <machine>             Run gcc for target <machine>, if installed   -V <version>             Run gcc version number <version>, if installed   -v                       Display the programs invoked by the compiler   -###                     Like -v but options quoted and commands not executed   -E                       Preprocess only; do not compile, assemble or link   -S                       Compile only; do not assemble or link   -c                       Compile and assemble, but do not link   -o <file>                Place the output into <file>   -x <language>            Specify the language of the following input files                            Permissible languages include: c c++ assembler none                            'none' means revert to the default behavior of                            guessing the language based on the file's extension  Options starting with -g, -f, -m, -O, -W, or --param are automatically  passed on to the various sub-processes invoked by gcc.  In order to pass  other options on to these processes the -W<letter> options must be used.  For bug reporting instructions, please see: <URL:http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla>.