栈（stack）是限定在表尾进行插入和删除操作的线性表。我们把允许插入和删除的一端称为栈顶（top），另一端称为栈底（bottom）
，栈又称为后进先出（Last In First Out)的线性表，简称LIFO结构。
示例程序：（改编自《大话数据结构》）
C++ Code
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#include <iostream>
using namespace std; #define MAXSIZE 20 typedef int ElemType; typedef struct { ElemType data[MAXSIZE]; int top; //栈顶指针 } SqStack; /* 构造一个空栈*/ bool InitStack(SqStack *Sq) { Sq->top = - 1; //表示空栈 return true; } /* 置为空栈 */ bool ClearStack(SqStack *Sq) { cout << "Clear Stack ..." << endl; Sq->top = - 1; return true; } bool StackEmpty(SqStack Sq) { if (Sq.top == - 1) return true; else return false; } int StackLength(SqStack Sq) { cout << "Stack Length : "; return Sq.top + 1; } /* 返回栈顶元素 */ bool GetTop(SqStack Sq, ElemType *ptr) { if (Sq.top != - 1) { *ptr = Sq.data[Sq.top]; cout << "Get Top Item " << *ptr << endl; return true; } return false; } /* 压栈 */ bool Push(SqStack *Sq, ElemType Elem) { cout << "Push Item " << Elem << endl; if (Sq->top + 1 > MAXSIZE - 1) return false; Sq->data[++Sq->top] = Elem; return true; } /* 出栈 */ bool Pop(SqStack *Sq, ElemType *ptr) { if (Sq->top == - 1) return false; *ptr = Sq->data[Sq->top--]; cout << "Pop Item " << *ptr << endl; return true; } bool StackTraverse(SqStack Sq) { cout << "Traverse Stack ..." << endl; if (Sq.top == - 1) return false; for ( int i = 0; i <= Sq.top; i++) cout << Sq.data[i] << ' '; cout << endl; return true; } int main( void) { SqStack Sq; InitStack(&Sq); for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) Push(&Sq, i); StackTraverse(Sq); int result; Pop(&Sq, &result); StackTraverse(Sq); GetTop(Sq, &result); if (!StackEmpty(Sq)) cout << StackLength(Sq) << endl; ClearStack(&Sq); return 0; } |
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