最近做了一个在线组卷的项目。主要功能实现word排版、预览，生成试卷。刚开始涉及到word操作一心想到的就是 office COM组件 来操作word 。大概两周时间就写好整个系统的代码。然后就开始反复测试，本地感觉良好，能够顺利生成一份word试卷，并且性能还行。于是迫不及待的发布到了服务器。
下面说说发布遇到的一些情况，首先一个就是遇到索 COM 类工厂中 CLSID 为 {000209FF-0000-0000-C000-000000000046} 的组件失败，原因是出现以下错误: 8000401a 因为配置标识不正确，系统无法开始服务器进程。请检查用户名和密码。 (异常来自 HRESULT:0x8000401A)。
首先这中问题全都是权限所导致，解决的办法只要配置权限就可以了。不光对excel和word有用，对所有的office产品都有效果。
进入正题，首先，在运行中输入dcomcnfg打开组件服务管理器->组件服务->我的电脑->DCOM->找到对应的Microsoft excel applicotion/Microsoft word 97-2003文档，然后右键属性激活启动权限都给足够了就ok了。 --------没问题这个问题解决了。
下面再说说第二个情况》性能问题：由于我们该系统是我们网站下一个子系统。所以有一定的用户基础。该系统一上线就有大量的用户访问。刚开始一天组卷四五百份，慢慢的组卷量越来越大，这是系统就开始出问题了。首先一个就是在进程里面出现了很多 winWord.exe进程。不能结束掉。虽然系统代码里面Quit进程，并且对资源也进行了回收，但是问题始终得不到解决。大量winword.exe进程的后果就是服务器变慢了。应为该组件办本身就特别耗内存。
没办法问题要解决呀。最后的无赖之举就是KIll 写了一个定时服务，定时Kill掉没有运行的winword进程。这样做治标不治本的。、
这里要说一下微软Office是主要针对普通用户开发的桌面办公应用软件，它具有丰富的UI（用户界面）元素，是一套纯粹的本地运行软件或者说是客户端软件。Word自动化接口主要是为了方便窗口应用程序调用而设计的。例如Delphi、VB、C# Winform等开发的本地应用程序。虽然可以强制Visible为false，Word可以运行在服务器端代码里，但毕竟还是会带来许多棘手问题。
1. ASP.NET是基于B/S架构的。B/S架构下用户访问都是并发的，也就是说经常会出现同时N个用户对一个服务器页面发出请求。在这种情况下Word自动化调用会时常出现死进程。
2. 由于隐藏界面运行，一些涉及界面的可以在窗口程序里成功调用的接口，在服务器端调用就会失败，甚至崩溃，这种情况也会经常导致死进程。
3. 由于Word是复杂的桌面程序，并不符合一般Web服务程序简洁高效的标准，所以在服务器端运行时速度慢，并且还会消耗大量资源(CPU、内存)，尤其不能支持大量用户同时访问，资源会很快耗尽。
4. 绝大部分开发者对COM技术比较陌生，在编程调用Word接口时经常存在一些代码错误，而又很难检查到问题所在，这又是导致死进程的经常因素。Word死进程不仅会消耗服务器资源，还经常会导致服务器页面不能创建新的Word自动化对象而无法继续工作。有网友提出死进程解决方法：编程Kill掉Word死进程，这样是治标不治本的做法，Word死进程是不在了，可是Word非正常关闭会导致很多资源无法及时释放。这样的Web服务器能持续工作多久恐怕就很难说了。
为了解决这些问题，笔者经过全面研究比较，发现网上有一款组件件aspose.words，完全消除了以上问题，推荐给大家分享。
下面我把aspose.words组件的一些操作代码分享给大家希望对需要的人有所帮助
private DocumentBuilder oWordApplic; // a reference to Word application
private Aspose.Words.Document oDoc; // a reference to the document
public void OpenWithTemplate(string strFileName)
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strFileName))
{
oDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document(strFileName);
}
}
public void Open()
{
oDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document();
}
public void Builder()
{
oWordApplic = new DocumentBuilder(oDoc);
}
/// <summary>
/// 保存文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strFileName"></param>
public void SaveAs(string strFileName)
{
if (this.Docversion == 2007)
{
oDoc.Save(strFileName,SaveFormat.Docx);
}else
{
oDoc.Save(strFileName,SaveFormat.Doc);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加内容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strText"></param>
public void InsertText(string strText, double conSize, bool conBold, string conAlign)
{
oWordApplic.Bold = conBold;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = conSize;
switch (conAlign)
{
case "left":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
case "center":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
break;
case "right":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Right;
break;
default:
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
}
oWordApplic.Writeln(strText);
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加内容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strText"></param>
public void WriteText(string strText, double conSize, bool conBold, string conAlign)
{
oWordApplic.Bold = conBold;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = conSize;
switch (conAlign)
{
case "left":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
case "center":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
break;
case "right":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Right;
break;
default:
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
}
oWordApplic.Write(strText);
}
#region 设置纸张
public void setPaperSize(string papersize)
{
switch (papersize)
{
case "A4":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A4;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Portrait;
section.PageSetup.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.PageVerticalAlignment.Top;
}
break;
case "A4H"://A4横向
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A4;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Landscape;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.SetCount(2);
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.EvenlySpaced = true;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.LineBetween =true;
//section.PageSetup.LeftMargin = double.Parse("3.35");
//section.PageSetup.RightMargin =double.Parse("0.99");
}
break;
case "A3":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A3;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Portrait;
}
break;
case "A3H"://A3横向
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A3;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Landscape;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.SetCount(2);
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.EvenlySpaced = true;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.LineBetween = true;
}
break;
case "16K":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.B5;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Portrait;
}
break;
case "8KH":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PageWidth = double.Parse("36.4 ");//纸张宽度
section.PageSetup.PageHeight = double.Parse("25.7");//纸张高度
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Landscape;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.SetCount(2);
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.EvenlySpaced = true;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.LineBetween = true;
//section.PageSetup.LeftMargin = double.Parse("3.35");
//section.PageSetup.RightMargin = double.Parse("0.99");
}
break;
}
}
#endregion
public void SetHeade(string strBookmarkName, string text)
{
if (oDoc.Range.Bookmarks[strBookmarkName] != null)
{
Aspose.Words.Bookmark mark = oDoc.Range.Bookmarks[strBookmarkName];
mark.Text = text;
}
}
public void InsertFile(string vfilename)
{
Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document(vfilename);
Node insertAfterNode = oWordApplic.CurrentParagraph.PreviousSibling;
InsertDocument(insertAfterNode, oDoc, srcDoc);
}
public void InsertFile(string vfilename, string strBookmarkName,int pNum)
{
//Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document(vfilename);
//Aspose.Words.Bookmark bookmark = oDoc.Range.Bookmarks[strBookmarkName];
//InsertDocument(bookmark.BookmarkStart.ParentNode, srcDoc);
//替换插入word内容
oWordApplic.Document.Range.Replace(new System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex(strBookmarkName),
new InsertDocumentAtReplaceHandler(vfilename, pNum), false);
}
/// <summary>
/// 插入word内容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="insertAfterNode"></param>
/// <param name="mainDoc"></param>
/// <param name="srcDoc"></param>
public static void InsertDocument(Node insertAfterNode, Aspose.Words.Document mainDoc, Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc)
{
// Make sure that the node is either a pargraph or table.
if ((insertAfterNode.NodeType != NodeType.Paragraph)
& (insertAfterNode.NodeType != NodeType.Table))
throw new Exception("The destination node should be either a paragraph or table.");
//We will be inserting into the parent of the destination paragraph.
CompositeNode dstStory = insertAfterNode.ParentNode;
//Remove empty paragraphs from the end of document
while (null != srcDoc.LastSection.Body.LastParagraph && !srcDoc.LastSection.Body.LastParagraph.HasChildNodes)
{
srcDoc.LastSection.Body.LastParagraph.Remove();
}
NodeImporter importer = new NodeImporter(srcDoc, mainDoc, ImportFormatMode.KeepSourceFormatting);
//Loop through all sections in the source document.
int sectCount = srcDoc.Sections.Count;
for (int sectIndex = 0; sectIndex < sectCount; sectIndex++)
{
Aspose.Words.Section srcSection = srcDoc.Sections[sectIndex];
//Loop through all block level nodes (paragraphs and tables) in the body of the section.
int nodeCount = srcSection.Body.ChildNodes.Count;
for (int nodeIndex = 0; nodeIndex < nodeCount; nodeIndex++)
{
Node srcNode = srcSection.Body.ChildNodes[nodeIndex];
Node newNode = importer.ImportNode(srcNode, true);
dstStory.InsertAfter(newNode, insertAfterNode);
insertAfterNode = newNode;
}
}
}
static void InsertDocument(Node insertAfterNode, Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc)
{
// Make sure that the node is either a paragraph or table.
if ((!insertAfterNode.NodeType.Equals(NodeType.Paragraph)) &
(!insertAfterNode.NodeType.Equals(NodeType.Table)))
throw new ArgumentException("The destination node should be either a paragraph or table.");
// We will be inserting into the parent of the destination paragraph.
CompositeNode dstStory = insertAfterNode.ParentNode;
// This object will be translating styles and lists during the import.
NodeImporter importer = new NodeImporter(srcDoc, insertAfterNode.Document, ImportFormatMode.KeepSourceFormatting);
// Loop through all sections in the source document.
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section srcSection in srcDoc.Sections)
{
// Loop through all block level nodes (paragraphs and tables) in the body of the section.
foreach (Node srcNode in srcSection.Body)
{
// Let's skip the node if it is a last empty paragraph in a section.
if (srcNode.NodeType.Equals(NodeType.Paragraph))
{
Aspose.Words.Paragraph para = (Aspose.Words.Paragraph)srcNode;
if (para.IsEndOfSection && !para.HasChildNodes)
continue;
}
// This creates a clone of the node, suitable for insertion into the destination document.
Node newNode = importer.ImportNode(srcNode, true);
// Insert new node after the reference node.
dstStory.InsertAfter(newNode, insertAfterNode);
insertAfterNode = newNode;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 换行
/// </summary>
public void InsertLineBreak()
{
oWordApplic.InsertBreak(BreakType.LineBreak);
}
/// <summary>
/// 换多行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="nline"></param>
public void InsertLineBreak(int nline)
{
for (int i = 0; i < nline; i++)
oWordApplic.InsertBreak(BreakType.LineBreak);
}
#region InsertScoreTable
public bool InsertScoreTable(bool dishand, bool distab, string handText)
{
try
{
oWordApplic.StartTable();//开始画Table
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
//添加Word表格
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 115.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(115);
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.None;
oWordApplic.StartTable();//开始画Table
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 20.2;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.Single;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 10.5;
oWordApplic.Bold = false;
oWordApplic.Write("评卷人");
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中对齐
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 50.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(50);
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 20.0;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.Single;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 10.5;
oWordApplic.Bold = false;
oWordApplic.Write("得分");
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中对齐
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 50.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(50);
oWordApplic.EndRow();
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 25.0;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 25.0;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.EndRow();
oWordApplic.EndTable();
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 300.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.Auto;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.None;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中对齐
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 11;
oWordApplic.Bold = true;
oWordApplic.Write(handText);
oWordApplic.EndRow();
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 28;
oWordApplic.EndTable();
return true;
}
catch
{
return false;
}
}
#endregion
#region 插入表格
public bool InsertTable(System.Data.DataTable dt, bool haveBorder)
{
Aspose.Words.Tables.Table table= oWordApplic.StartTable();//开始画Table
ParagraphAlignment paragraphAlignmentValue = oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment;
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
//添加Word表格
for (int row = 0; row < dt.Rows.Count; row++)
{
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height =25;
for (int col = 0; col < dt.Columns.Count; col++)
{
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 10.5;
oWordApplic.Font.Name = "宋体";
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中对齐
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;//水平居中对齐
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 50.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(50);
if (haveBorder == true)
{
//设置外框样式
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.Single;
//样式设置结束
}
oWordApplic.Write(dt.Rows[row][col].ToString());
}
oWordApplic.EndRow();
}
oWordApplic.EndTable();
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = paragraphAlignmentValue;
table.Alignment=Aspose.Words.Tables.TableAlignment.Center;
table.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.Auto;
return true;
}
#endregion
public void InsertPagebreak( )
{
oWordApplic.InsertBreak(BreakType.PageBreak);
}
public void InsertBookMark(string BookMark)
{
oWordApplic.StartBookmark(BookMark);
oWordApplic.EndBookmark(BookMark);
}
public void GotoBookMark(string strBookMarkName)
{
oWordApplic.MoveToBookmark(strBookMarkName);
}
public void ClearBookMark()
{
oDoc.Range.Bookmarks.Clear();
}
public void ReplaceText(string oleText, string newText)
{
//System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex reg = new System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex(oleText);
oDoc.Range.Replace(oleText, newText, false,false);
}
private class InsertDocumentAtReplaceHandler : IReplacingCallback
{
private string vfilename;
private int pNum;
public InsertDocumentAtReplaceHandler(string filename, int _pNum)
{
this.vfilename = filename;
this.pNum = _pNum;
}
ReplaceAction IReplacingCallback.Replacing(ReplacingArgs e)
{
Document subDoc = new Document(this.vfilename);
subDoc.FirstSection.Body.FirstParagraph.InsertAfter(new Run(subDoc, this.pNum + "."), null);
// Insert a document after the paragraph, containing the match text.
Node currentNode = e.MatchNode;
Paragraph para = (Paragraph)e.MatchNode.ParentNode;
InsertDocument(para, subDoc);
// Remove the paragraph with the match text.
e.MatchNode.Remove();
e.MatchNode.Range.Delete();
return ReplaceAction.Skip;
}
}
}
}
最后来看看生成的word试卷效果
附件地址：下载aspose.word操作源码