java学习--工具类学习之Arrays（1）

 一、基本定义

　　Arrays类，全路径java.util.Arrays，主要功能为操作数组，Arrays类的所有方法均为静态方法，所以

调用方式全部为Arrays.方法名

二、常用方法

1. <T> List<T>  asList(T... a)

可以将数组转化为相应的list集合，但是也只能转化为list，asList方法内部构建了一个内部静态类ArrayList，

这个ArrayList也继承自AbstractList，但并不是我们集合中常用的ArrayList，这两者是有区别的，需注意，

内部静态类AbstractList也实现了contains,forEach,replaceAll,sort,toArray等方法，但add,remove等方法则没有

Integer[] array = new Integer[]{1,2,3};
int[] array2 = new int[]{1,2,3};
List<Integer> list1 = Arrays.asList(1,2,3);
List<Integer> list2 = Arrays.asList(array);
List<int[]> list3 = Arrays.asList(array2);

2. void fill(int[] a, int val)、void fill(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int val)、void fill(Object[] a, Object val)、void fill(Object[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, Object val)

fill方法有多个重载，分别对应几种基本数据类型以及引用类型（Object），

fill(int[] a, int val)会将整个数组的值全部覆盖为val

fill(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int val)则提供了可选的开头和结尾（不包括）

int[] array = new int[]{1,2,3};
Arrays.fill(array, 1);
Arrays.fill(array, 0, 2, 1);//  {1,1,3}
String[] str = {"123"};
Arrays.fill(str, "1");

源码如下：

我们可以看到可选开头结尾的重载方法会先做数组越界的校验，防止非法输入

    /**
     * Assigns the specified double value to each element of the specified
     * range of the specified array of doubles.  The range to be filled
     * extends from index <tt>fromIndex</tt>, inclusive, to index
     * <tt>toIndex</tt>, exclusive.  (If <tt>fromIndex==toIndex</tt>, the
     * range to be filled is empty.)
     *
     * @param a the array to be filled
     * @param fromIndex the index of the first element (inclusive) to be
     *        filled with the specified value
     * @param toIndex the index of the last element (exclusive) to be
     *        filled with the specified value
     * @param val the value to be stored in all elements of the array
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>fromIndex &gt; toIndex</tt>
     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if <tt>fromIndex &lt; 0</tt> or
     *         <tt>toIndex &gt; a.length</tt>
     */
    public static void fill(double[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex,double val){
        rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex);
        for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex; i++)
            a[i] = val;
    }

    /**
     * Assigns the specified float value to each element of the specified array
     * of floats.
     *
     * @param a the array to be filled
     * @param val the value to be stored in all elements of the array
     */
    public static void fill(float[] a, float val) {
        for (int i = 0, len = a.length; i < len; i++)
            a[i] = val;
    }

    /**
     * Checks that {@code fromIndex} and {@code toIndex} are in
     * the range and throws an exception if they aren't.
     */
    private static void rangeCheck(int arrayLength, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        if (fromIndex > toIndex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "fromIndex(" + fromIndex + ") > toIndex(" + toIndex + ")");
        }
        if (fromIndex < 0) {
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(fromIndex);
        }
        if (toIndex > arrayLength) {
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(toIndex);
        }
    }

3. int[] copyOf(int[] original, int newLength)、int[] copyOfRange(int[] original, int from, int to)

存在多个重载方式，此处以int举例

从样例中我i们看到，copyOf复制后的数组长度可以大于复制前的数组，根据源码发现，超出的元素被填充为0，引用类型则填充为null

int[] array = new int[]{1,2,3};
int[] array2 = Arrays.copyOf(array, 4);

    public static int[] copyOf(int[] original, int newLength) {
        int[] copy = new int[newLength];
        System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0,
                         Math.min(original.length, newLength));
        return copy;
    }

对于copyOfRange，可以选择复制的开头和结尾（不包括），且结尾下标可以大于原数组长度，超出的下标会被填充

int[] array = new int[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
int[] array2 = Arrays.copyOfRange(array, 3, 6);
int[] array3 = Arrays.copyOfRange(array, 3, 10);

    /**
     * Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array.
     * The initial index of the range (<tt>from</tt>) must lie between zero
     * and <tt>original.length</tt>, inclusive.  The value at
     * <tt>original[from]</tt> is placed into the initial element of the copy
     * (unless <tt>from == original.length</tt> or <tt>from == to</tt>).
     * Values from subsequent elements in the original array are placed into
     * subsequent elements in the copy.  The final index of the range
     * (<tt>to</tt>), which must be greater than or equal to <tt>from</tt>,
     * may be greater than <tt>original.length</tt>, in which case
     * <tt>0</tt> is placed in all elements of the copy whose index is
     * greater than or equal to <tt>original.length - from</tt>.  The length
     * of the returned array will be <tt>to - from</tt>.
     *
     * @param original the array from which a range is to be copied
     * @param from the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive
     * @param to the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive.
     *     (This index may lie outside the array.)
     * @return a new array containing the specified range from the original array,
     *     truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the required length
     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code from < 0}
     *     or {@code from > original.length}
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>from &gt; to</tt>
     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>original</tt> is null
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public static int[] copyOfRange(int[] original, int from, int to) {
        int newLength = to - from;
        if (newLength < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(from + " > " + to);
        int[] copy = new int[newLength];
        System.arraycopy(original, from, copy, 0,
                         Math.min(original.length - from, newLength));
        return copy;
    }

4. boolean equals(int[] a, int[] a2)、boolean equals(Object[] a, Object[] a2)

比较2个数组是否相等，基本类型的元素会依次进行==判断，引用类型则会在判空后使用equals

    public static boolean equals(int[] a, int[] a2) {
        if (a==a2)
            return true;
        if (a==null || a2==null)
            return false;

        int length = a.length;
        if (a2.length != length)
            return false;

        for (int i=0; i<length; i++)
            if (a[i] != a2[i])
                return false;

        return true;
    }

    public static boolean equals(Object[] a, Object[] a2) {
        if (a==a2)
            return true;
        if (a==null || a2==null)
            return false;

        int length = a.length;
        if (a2.length != length)
            return false;

        for (int i=0; i<length; i++) {
            Object o1 = a[i];
            Object o2 = a2[i];
            if (!(o1==null ? o2==null : o1.equals(o2)))
                return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

5.  String toString(int[] a)

假设我们想输出一个数组的全部元素，一种方法是利用循环遍历所有元素后挨个输出

但Arrays提供了一个方案可以直接调用，toString内部实现其实也是通过遍历来实现，

利用可变字符串StringBuilder来构建

    public static String toString(int[] a) {
        if (a == null)
            return "null";
        int iMax = a.length - 1;
        if (iMax == -1)
            return "[]";

        StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
        b.append('[');
        for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
            b.append(a[i]);
            if (i == iMax)
                return b.append(']').toString();
            b.append(", ");
        }
    }

6. int binarySearch(int[] a, int key)

  Arrays内置的二分查找方法，使用条件为参数数组a是有序的，如无序

会导致返回结果错误

    public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex,
                                   int key) {
        rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex);
        return binarySearch0(a, fromIndex, toIndex, key);
    }

    // Like public version, but without range checks.
    private static int binarySearch0(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex,
                                     int key) {
        int low = fromIndex;
        int high = toIndex - 1;

        while (low <= high) {
            int mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
            int midVal = a[mid];

            if (midVal < key)
                low = mid + 1;
            else if (midVal > key)
                high = mid - 1;
            else
                return mid; // key found
        }
        return -(low + 1);  // key not found.
    }