操作系统是通过消息机制(Message)来实现的。操作系统将每个事件都包装成一个称为消息的结构体MSG来传递给应用程序,参看MSDN。
MSG结构定义如下:
typedef struct tagMSG {
HWND hwnd;
UINT message;
WPARAM wParam;
LPARAM lParam;
DWORD time;
POINT pt;
} MSG;
句柄(HANDLE),资源的标识。
操作系统要管理和操作这些资源,都是通过句柄来找到对应的资源。按资源的类型,又可将句柄细分成图标句柄(HICON),光标句柄(HCURSOR),窗口句柄(HWND),应用程序实例句柄(HINSTANCE)等等各种类型的句柄。操作系统给每一个窗口指定的一个唯一的标识号即窗口句柄。
Windows程序的入口函数
int WINAPI WinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance, // handle to current instance
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, // handle to previous instance
LPSTR lpCmdLine, // command line
int nCmdShow // show state
);
创建一个完整的窗口需要经过下面四个操作步骤:
设计一个窗口类;
注册窗口类;
创建窗口;
显示及更新窗口。
typedef struct _WNDCLASS {
UINT style;
WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;
int cbClsExtra;
int cbWndExtra;
HANDLE hInstance;
HICON hIcon;
HCURSOR hCursor;
HBRUSH hbrBackground;
LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;
LPCTSTR lpszClassName;
} WNDCLASS;
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WinSunProc(
HWND hwnd, // handle to window
UINT uMsg, // message identifier
WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter
LPARAM lParam // second message parameter
);
int WINAPI WinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance, // handle to current instance
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, // handle to previous instance
LPSTR lpCmdLine, // command line
int nCmdShow // show state
)
{
WNDCLASS wndcls;
wndcls.cbClsExtra=0;
wndcls.cbWndExtra=0;
wndcls.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
wndcls.hCursor=LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_CROSS);
wndcls.hIcon=LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_ERROR);
wndcls.hInstance=hInstance;
wndcls.lpfnWndProc=WinSunProc;
wndcls.lpszClassName="Weixin2003";
wndcls.lpszMenuName=NULL;
wndcls.style=CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
RegisterClass(&wndcls);
HWND hwnd;
hwnd=CreateWindow("Weixin2003","北京维新科学技术培训中心",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
0,0,600,400,NULL,NULL,hInstance,NULL);
ShowWindow(hwnd,SW_SHOWNORMAL);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
MSG msg;
while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return 0;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WinSunProc(
HWND hwnd, // handle to window
UINT uMsg, // message identifier
WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter
LPARAM lParam // second message parameter
)
{
switch(uMsg)
{
case WM_CHAR:
char szChar[20];
sprintf(szChar,"char is %d",wParam);
MessageBox(hwnd,szChar,"weixin",0);
break;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
MessageBox(hwnd,"mouse clicked","weixin",0);
HDC hdc;
hdc=GetDC(hwnd);
TextOut(hdc,0,50,"计算机编程语言培训",strlen("计算机编程语言培训"));
ReleaseDC(hwnd,hdc);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
hDC=BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);
TextOut(hDC,0,0,"维新培训",strlen("维新培训"));
EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);
break;
case WM_CLOSE:
if(IDYES==MessageBox(hwnd,"是否真的结束?","weixin",MB_YESNO))
{
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hwnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam);
}
return 0;
}