Batting Practice LightOJ

Batting Practice LightOJ - 1408(概率dp)

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题意：有无限个球，进球的概率为p，问你连续不进k1个球或者连续进k2个球需要使用的球的个数的期望

思路：
(定义f[i]表示已经连续不进i个球，还需要连续不进k1-i个球的期望)
(g[i]表示已经连续进了i个，还需要连续进k2-i个球的期望)
显然(f[k1] = g[k2] = 0)
(任意0<=i<k1有f[i] = (1-p) cdot f[i+1] + p cdot g[1] + 1)
(任意0<=i<k2有g[i] = (1-p) cdot f[1] + p cdot g[i+1] + 1)

不好解的样子，列矩阵高斯消元一发，WA，把eps从1e-6改到1e-15还是过不了，用long double交，时限卡的紧,TLE
搜了一发题解，原来上面那个式子可以直接求通项，依次回代就可以求出f[0]和g[0]了

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define P pair<int,int>
using namespace std;
const double eps = 1e-6;
double a[60][60];
int  gauss(int n,int m){
    int col,i,mxr,j,row;
    for(row=col=0;row<=n&&col<=m;row++,col++){
        mxr = row;
        for(i=row+1;i<=n;i++)
            if(fabs(a[i][col])>fabs(a[mxr][col]))
                mxr = i;
        if(mxr != row) swap(a[row],a[mxr]);
        if(fabs(a[row][col]) < eps){
            row--;
            continue;
        }
        for(i=0;i<=n;i++)///消成上三角矩阵
            if(i!=row&&fabs(a[i][col])>eps)
                for(j=m;j>=col;j--)
                    a[i][j]-=a[row][j]/a[row][col]*a[i][col];
    }
    row--;
    for(int i = row;i>=0;i--){///回代成对角矩阵
        for(int j = i + 1;j <= row;j++){
                a[i][m] -= a[j][m] * a[i][j];
        }
        a[i][m] /= a[i][i];
    }
    return row;
}
int main()
{
    int T;
    int cas = 1;
    cin>>T;
    while(T--)
    {
        int k1,k2;
        double p;
        scanf("%lf%d%d",&p,&k1,&k2);
        printf("Case %d: ",cas++);
        /*
        memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
        int col = k1 + k2 + 2;
        for(int i = 0;i < k1;i++){
            a[i][i] = 1;
            a[i][i+1] = p - 1;
            a[i][k1+2] = -p;
            a[i][col] = 1;
        }
        a[k1][k1] = 1,a[k1][col] = 0;
        for(int i = 0;i < k2;i++){
            a[k1+1+i][k1+1+i] = 1;
            a[k1+1+i][k1+1+i+1] = -p;
            a[k1+1+i][1] = p - 1;
            a[k1+1+i][col] = 1;
        }
        a[k1+k2+1][k1+k2+1] = 1,a[k1+k2+1][col] = 0;
        int row = gauss(k1+k2+1,k1+k2+2);
        printf("%.6f
",a[0][col]);
        */
        if(p < eps) printf("%.6f
",1.0 * k1);
        else if(1 - p < eps) printf("%.6f
",1.0 * k2);
        else{
            double q;
            q=1-p;
            double a1=1-pow(q,k1-1),b1=a1/(1-q);
            double a2=1-pow(p,k2-1),b2=a2/(1-p);
            double t1=(a1*b2+b1)/(1-a1*a2),f1=a2*t1+b2;
            printf("%.6f
",p*f1+q*t1+1);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}