在CentOS-6系统中二进制安装MySQL-5.6

安装并配置MySQL数据库

1、MySQL数据库的安装环境准备

a.内存配置最好2G以上

b.提前下载好要安装的MySQL相关软件包（https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/）

c.测试好系统可以连网，并配置好yum源

　　从2020.12.01 开始，CentOS官方及国内镜像网站都不再支持CenOS-6，所以最好是可以利用本地源，加上Vault源（CentOS会将不再支持的镜像全放到这个网站上）

d.配置CentOS-6的yum源

# 下载 CentOS-6.10-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso 镜像，可以用来最小化装系统，还可以用来作为系统的本地源。挂载镜像到安装好的系统上。

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/CentOS/

[root@localhost ~]# echo '/bin/mount /dev/cdrom /media/CentOS/' >> /etc/rc.local

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

# 只保留以下两个源，其它源都删除

[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 5 22:53 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 845 Dec 5 23:30 CentOS-Vault.repo

# 本地源配置文件，需要先把镜像挂载到指定目录

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo

[c6-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/
file:///media/cdrom/
file:///media/cdrecorder/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

# 公网源配置文件，只能配置vault.centos.org

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Vault.repo
[C6.9-base]
name=CentOS-6.9 - Base
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/6.9/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
enabled=1

[C6.9-updates]
name=CentOS-6.9 - Updates
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/6.9/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
enabled=1

[C6.9-extras]
name=CentOS-6.9 - Extras
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/6.9/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
enabled=1

[C6.9-contrib]
name=CentOS-6.9 - Contrib
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/6.9/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
enabled=1

[C6.9-centosplus]
name=CentOS-6.9 - CentOSPlus
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/6.9/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
enabled=1

# 生成源文件

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all & yum makecache

2、安装依赖包和环境

# 系统版本

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# uname -m
x86_64

# 安装依赖包

yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel numactl -y

3、开始安装MySQL-5.6.49

# 下载 mysql-5.6.49-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 二进制安装包，下载地址：

https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.49-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

 （1）建立MySQL用户账号

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

[root@localhost ~]# id mysql
uid=500(mysql) gid=500(mysql) groups=500(mysql)

（2）获取MySQL软件包

第一步：上传软件

将下载好的 mysql-5.6.49-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 上传到服务器上，放到目录 /server/tools 中。

第二步：解压配置mysql

tar xf mysql-5.6.49-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /application

[root@localhost /server/tools]# mv mysql-5.6.49-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  /application/mysql

第三步：设置环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH="/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"' >>/etc/profile

[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -V

mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.49, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

（3）创建MySQL数据库配置文件并对数据库目录授权

# 删除已有的 /etc/my.cnf

[root@localhost ~]# rm -f /etc/my.cnf

# 创建新的my.cnf

[root@localhost tools]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysql]

# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve

#设置3306端口
port = 3306

# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=/application/mysql

# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=/application/mysql/data

# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200

# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8

# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M

# 对mysql数据目录授权
[root@localhost tools]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql

（4）初始化MySQL

[root@localhost mysql]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data

4、配置并启动MySQL数据库

（1）设置MySQL脚本

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld

（2）启动MySQL数据库

[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start   或    service mysqld start

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

（3）检查MySQL数据库是否启动

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntplu | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2219/mysqld

（4）检查MySQL数据库启动结果日志

[root@localhost ~]# tail /application/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err
2020-12-06 05:30:16 2219 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306
2020-12-06 05:30:16 2219 [Note] IPv6 is available.
2020-12-06 05:30:16 2219 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';
2020-12-06 05:30:16 2219 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2020-12-06 05:30:16 2219 [Warning] 'user' entry 'root@localhost.localdomain' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2020-12-06 05:30:16 2219 [Warning] 'user' entry '@localhost.localdomain' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2020-12-06 05:30:16 2219 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost.localdomain' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2020-12-06 05:30:16 2219 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
2020-12-06 05:30:16 2219 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.6.49' socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

（5）设置MySQL开机自启动

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

5、登录MySQL测试

[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.49 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

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