在64位的UBUBTU 服务器 ***

前言：

　　安装/重装系统，U盘启动盘不稳定，建议使用USB-CDROM启动

　　如果是重装系统，要记录好硬盘的信息和职能：

• fdisk -l
• lsblk
• blkid
• /etc/fstab
• mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdxx

　　通过以上信息，记录硬盘的职能。找出系统盘，以便重装系统。

　　另外在安装过程中，要注意raid/lvm的配置。

• raid
• lvm

　　信息记录后，可以使用 mdadm重新做raid

lsblk:

NAME                              MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE   MOUNTPOINT
sda                                 8:0    0 238.5G  0 disk   
├─sda1                              8:1    0   243M  0 part   /boot
├─sda2                              8:2    0     1K  0 part   
└─sda5                              8:5    0 238.2G  0 part   
  ├─ubuntu--vg-root (dm-0)        252:0    0 222.3G  0 lvm    /
  └─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 (dm-1)      252:1    0    16G  0 lvm    [SWAP]
sdb                                 8:16   0   1.8T  0 disk   
└─isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1 (dm-2) 252:2    0   1.7T  0 dmraid /kitking
sdc                                 8:32   0   1.8T  0 disk   
└─isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1 (dm-2) 252:2    0   1.7T  0 dmraid /kitking
sdd 

blkid

/dev/sdb: TYPE="isw_raid_member" 
/dev/sdc: TYPE="isw_raid_member" 
/dev/sdd: UUID="35a73696-e468-4cc7-b3d5-b8351a7c8896" TYPE="ext3" 
/dev/sda1: UUID="cd1e8aa4-406d-4758-b40a-28dd8bb5f29a" TYPE="ext2" 
/dev/sda5: UUID="nP7BC9-Im2o-cQM0-spZe-WHqI-0age-IsFSQQ" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: UUID="1e20f000-8a03-4f37-a677-5bae02f377ec" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: UUID="f3252a02-78ff-4ac2-b97f-2f76d4b3845a" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/mapper/isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1: UUID="250729ac-71a9-4a22-852c-333b168346b9" TYPE="ext3" 

df -h

jiangzhaowei@ubuntu:~$ df -h
Filesystem                            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root           219G   17G  191G   8% /
udev                                  7.9G  8.0K  7.9G   1% /dev
tmpfs                                 1.6G  6.6M  1.6G   1% /run
none                                  5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
none                                  7.9G  120K  7.9G   1% /run/shm
cgroup                                7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                             236M   65M  159M  29% /boot
/dev/mapper/isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1  1.8T  948G  706G  58% /kitking
/dev/sdd                              459G  281G  155G  65% /build_two

cat /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc           proc    nodev,noexec,nosuid 0       0
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=cd1e8aa4-406d-4758-b40a-28dd8bb5f29a /boot           ext2    defaults        0       2
UUID=250729ac-71a9-4a22-852c-333b168346b9 /kitking  ext3     defaults     0 0
UUID=35a73696-e468-4cc7-b3d5-b8351a7c8896 /build_two  ext3     defaults     0 0
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1 none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/sr0        /media/floppy0  auto    rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0       0

10.04 LTS 

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse

12.04源sources.list

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted

16.04源 更新

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

16.04百度服务器

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial stable
# deb-src [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial stable

　　

18.04源 更新

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

升级内核12.04.5 LTS：

1. 　　升级之前查看内核版本

uname -a 
uname -r
lsb_release -a

　　2.    升级

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo reboot

　　3.    CA

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates
//添加新的GPGkey，为安装Docker做准备.
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D

　　4.1 apt-get install 安装方式

deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-precise main
sudo apt-get update
//清除旧的repo if it exists
//apt-get purge lxc-docker
sudo apt-cache policy docker-engine
sudo apt-get install docker-engine --fix-missing

　　4.2 手动deb安装方式

//4.2.1 安装依赖包
sudo apt-get install libltdl7 libapparmor1
//4.2.2 安装Docker
sudo dpkg -i Docker_xxx.deb

安装&卸载命令：

查看安装列表：

dpkg --list
ii  python2.7                       2.7.3-0ubuntu3.9                Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.7)
ii  python2.7-minimal               2.7.3-0ubuntu3.9                Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)
ii  readline-common                 6.2-8                           GNU readline and history libraries, common files
ii  resolvconf                      1.63ubuntu16                    name server information handler
ii  rsync                           3.0.9-1ubuntu1.1                fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
ii  rsyslog                         5.8.6-1ubuntu8.9                reliable system and kernel logging daemon
ii  samba                           2:3.6.25-0ubuntu0.12.04.10      SMB/CIFS file, print, and login server for Unix

安装与卸载命令

//安装
sudo apt-get install xxx
//卸载软件并清除配置文件
sudo apt-get --purge remove xxx
//只卸载软件
sudo apt-get  remove xxx

添加系统用户：

//添加用户并制定HOME目录
sudo useradd -d /kitking/web_compile -m web_compile
//修改密码
sudo passwd xxx
//将已有用户添加到特定组
usermod -a -G groupname username

//copy
tar cvpzf /backup/mnt/backup.tgz --exclude=./proc --exclude=./lost+found --exclude=./mnt --exclude=./sys --exclude=media ./
cd /kitking/jiangzhaowei/compile/
sudo tar czvpf ./web_compile.tgz /kitking/web_compile/

sudo tar -xvpzf ./web_compile.tgz -C /

//tar 是用来备份的程序
//c - 新建一个备份文档
//v - 详细模式， tar程序将在屏幕上实时输出所有信息。
//p - 保存权限，并应用到所有文件。
//z - 采用‘gzip’压缩备份文件，以减小备份文件体积。
//f - 说明备份文件存放的路径

//　　解释：--exclude ,是排除压缩的文件。就是将不需要的文件排除。
//　　等待压缩完成。
//　　如果不是在本机上的话，要备份原始系统的配置文件，以及新安装系统的启动文件。
//指定路径解压
tar -xvpzf /restore/backsrc/backup.tgz -C /restore/

 SAMBA：

sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
//添加密码
sudo smbpasswd -a xxx

注意：

WIN10 Home Edition的系统，未出现不支持SMB v1的现象。

WIN10 Feature（特性）列表里， Education Editon比Home Edition多如下选项：

• NFS服务（NFS客户端，NFS管理工具）。
• SMB直通（针对 SMB 3.x 的文件共享协议的远程直接内存访问（RDMA）支持）。
• Hyper-V（服务，管理工具）

数据库迁移：

//Mysql登录
mysql -h localhost -uroot -pxxx
//查看数据库
mysql> show databases
//查看使用端口
mysql> show variables  like 'port'
//查看数据库大小
mysql> use  information_schema
//查看数据库编码
mysql> show variables like 'character%';

//迁移,注意DB迁移不需要登录mysql,在shell下执行
//1.迁出
mysqldump -uroot -pxxx webCompile > webCompile.sql
mysqldump -uroot -pxxx kkinternal > kkinternal.sql
mysqldump -uroot -pxxx bugtracker > bugtracker.sql
mysqldump -uroot -pxxx db_synergy_cloud > db_synergy_cloud.sql
//2.目标机器新建
mysql> create database webCompileTest
//3.DB迁入
mysql -uroot -pxxxn webCompile < webCompile.sql

//迁出所有数据库,不建议使用全部迁移的方式，因为有些是mysql系统库
mysqldump -u root -p123456 --all-databases > all.sql
mysql -u root -p123456 < "D:MySQL 5.5inall.sql"

//查看合法用户：
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

　　　　+------------------+-----------+
　　　　| user | host |
　　　　+------------------+-----------+
　　　　| kitking | % |
　　　　| mysqld | % |
　　　　| root | % |
　　　　| server | % |
　　　　| serviced | % |
　　　　| websrvc | % |
　　　　| debian-sys-maint | localhost |
　　　　| mysql.session | localhost |
　　　　| mysql.sys | localhost |
　　　　| phpmyadmin | localhost |
　　　　+------------------+-----------+

//创建远程授权：
mysql> create user kitking identified by 'rad_xxx';
//all代表接受所有操作，比如 select,insert,delete....; *.* 代表所有库下面的所有表;% 代表这个用户允许从任何地方登录；为了安全期间，这个%可以替换为你允许的ip地址；
grant all privileges on *.* to 'kitking'@'%'identified by 'rad_xxx' with grant option;
//然后刷新mysql用户权限相关表；
flush privileges ;
//修改配置文件 UBUNTU 12.04
1.1、sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf
//UBUNTU 18.04
1.2 sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
2、注释掉如下两行：
　　bind-address=127.0.0.1
　　skip-network(mysql5.6版本里没有这行)
3、sudo service mysql restart

//跨主机单实例迁移,注意需要在目标机器上先创建数据库
mysqldump -h localhost -uroot -prad_xxx --opt webCompile | mysql -h 192.168.199.110 -ukitking -prad_xxx -C webCompile

修改密码：
格式：mysql> set password for 用户名@localhost = password('新密码'); 
例子：mysql> set password for root@localhost = password('rad_xxx'); 


//mysql 5.7注意如下
在安装过程中，不要求设置root密码，安装结束后要求设置
1、sudo mysql_secure_installation   //按提示配置，要注意安全策略
2、mysql -uroot -pxxx   //登录mysql
3、如果不成功，就是安全策略出了问题，使用sudo mysql  免密登录，配置最低安全检查
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
4、查看密码最小长度
mysql> select @@validate_password_length;
5、修改root密码
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=PASSWORD('newPwd'), plugin='mysql_native_password' where user='root';
6、刷新
mysql> flush privileges;

 版本控制SVN:

//重启服务器，SVN服务需要手动一下
sudo svnserve -d -r /kitking/SVN
//开机自动开启svn服务，修改/etc/rc.local
sudo vim /etc/rc.local
//添加如下shell:
sudo svnserve -d -r /kitking/SVN

//要注意：保留的仓库，如果新安装的SVN版本与仓库SVN版本不匹配，会有问题，所以在重装系统前，一定好查看SVN版本，并匹配安装：
//如，强制安装SVN1.8如下方式：
//先在终端执行
sudo sh -c 'echo "# WANdisco Open Source Repo" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/WANdisco.list'
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://opensource.wandisco.com/ubuntu precise svn18" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/WANdisco.list'
wget -q http://opensource.wandisco.com/wandisco-debian.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

//然后安装svn
sudo apt-get install subversion

//遇到字符集的问题，可参考
https://blog.csdn.net/wiseflywang/article/details/51385222?tdsourcetag=s_pctim_aiomsg

自动启动

 12.04 LTS

//rc.local文件
sudo vim /etc/rc.local
svnserve -d -r /kitking/SVN
python -d /kitking/web_compile/websrc_web/trunk/scripts/db.py
python -d /kitking/web_compile/websrc_web/trunk/scripts/db_new.py
java -jar MqttService.jar

 18.04LTS参考

https://www.cnblogs.com/jiangzhaowei/p/9988790.html

手动启动：

nohup java -jar MqttService.jar >output 2>&1 &

安装常用工具：

//默认下载安装包位置：
　　/var/cache/apt/archives
//可以使用如下命令进行安装：
　　sudo  dpkg  -i xxx.deb
sudo apt-get install git-core 
sudo apt-get install lrzsz
sudo apt-get install openssh-server 
sudo apt-get install openssh-client
sudo apt-get install vim
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
sudo apt-get install apache2
sudo apt-get install maven
sudo apt-get install subversion
sudo apt-get install make
sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install g++
//32为->64为编译库转换：
sudo apt-get install lib32z1-dev
sudo apt-get install -y lib32stdc++6

//web相关：
sudo apt-get install apache2
sudo apt-get install php5
sudo apt-get install php5-gd 
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo apt-get install mysql-client
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
//PHP对文件上传大小有限制，修改如下：
sudo vim /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
//upload_max_filesize = 8M
sudo pip install xlutils

交叉工具链：

RDA：

//环境变量：
//sudo vim /etc/profile
export PATH= /pub/tools/package/toolchain/mips-2012.07/bin:/pub/tools/package/toolchain/mips-2014.05/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/rda/mips-2012.07/lib:/opt/rda/mips-2014.05/lib
//注意：交叉编译器路径不能更改。

 //1.因为Ubuntu默认的sh是连接到dash的,又因为dash跟bash的不兼容所以出错了.执行时可以把sh换成bash文件名.sh来执行.成功.dash
//修改sh默认连接到bash的一种方法：
sudo dpkg-reconfigure dash
//修改shell,提示框选择“否”

//kconfig显示使用:
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev

MSTAR gawk安装：

//mstar 机顶盒
1、解压“mipsisa32-elf-3.4.4-20101123.i386linux.tar.gz"

　　应用编译器

2、mips-4.3-51-mips-linux-gnu-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2

　　BOOT编译器

3、make dep

　　重新制定依赖

4、编译CRC报错：

　　ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh

5、环境变量设置

　　/opt/mips-4.3/bin:/opt/gnutools/mipsisa32-elf-3.4.4/bin

　　export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mips-4.3/bin:/opt/gnutools/mipsisa32-elf-3.4.4/bin

//1.aeon会提示找不到gawk
//提示：
/bin/sh: /bin/gawk: No such file or directory
//解决如下：
sudo apt-get install gawk
sudo cp /usr/bin/gawk   /bin

//2.编译CRC报错：
sudo ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh

解压：aeon.tar.gz

sudo cp /usr/bin/gawk   /bin

export PATH=/opt/mstar/aeon/bin:$PATH

JDK1.8

//通过PPA源安装,使用add-apt-repository要安装如下软件包
sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
//添加PPA源
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ppa_name
//删除PPA源
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/app_name.list
//删除KEY
sudo apt-key del key

//添加JDK源&安装
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa
sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
//在多个JDK版本中切换JDK
sudo update-alternatives --config java
//设置一个默认JAVA：
sudo update-alternatives --config javac

其它常用工具：

sudo apt-get install -y autoconf 
sudo apt-get install -y binutils 
sudo apt-get install -y bison 
sudo apt-get install -y bzip2 
sudo apt-get install -y cmake
sudo apt-get install -y exuberant-ctags
sudo apt-get install -y flex
sudo apt-get install -y gettext 
sudo apt-get install -y lib32ncurses5-dev 
sudo apt-get install -y libncurses5-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libz-dev
sudo apt-get install -y lszrz
sudo apt-get install -y ncurses-term 
sudo apt-get install -y patch 
sudo apt-get install -y sharutils 
sudo apt-get install -y texinfo 
sudo apt-get install -y tmux
sudo apt-get install -y unrar
sudo apt-get install -y unzip 
sudo apt-get install -y zip 
sudo apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev