enmo_day_09

1. 数据库

select name from v$database; : 数据库名称

select db_unique_name from v$database; : 数据库唯一名称

select dbid from v$database; : 数据库id

select to_char(created, ‘yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss’) from v$database; ：数据库创建时间

select log_mode from v$database; : 日志归档模式

select open_mode from v$database; : 打开模式

select database_role from v$database; : 数据库角色

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘spfile’; : 服务器参数文件

select value from v$parameter2 where name=‘control_files’; : 控制文件列表

2. 数据文件

select name from v$tablespace; : 表空间列表

select name from v$datafiel; : 数据文件列表

select name from v$tempfile; : 临时文件列表

select group#, bytes/1024/1024 || ‘M’from v$log; : 日志组列表

sleect max(length(member)) from v$logfile;

column member format a36

select group#, member from v$logfile; : 在线日志文件列表

3. 备份文件

select count(*) from v$archived_log;

select count(*) from v4archived_log where name is not null;

select name from v$archived_log where name is not null; : 归档日志文件列表

select count(*) from v$backup_piece;

select count(*) from v$backup_piece where handle is not null;

select handle from v$backup_piece where start_time >= sysdata - 1 order by handle; : 备份文件列表

4. 用户与模式对象

select username from dba_users order by created; : 数据库用户对象

desc dba_objects

select owner, object_type, count(*) from dba_objects group by owner, object_type order by owner, object_type; : 模式对象数量列表

5. 实例与会话

select host_name from v$instance; : 主机名称

select instance_name from v$instance; : 实例名称

select value from v$parameter where name=‘service_names’; : 服务名称

select version from v$instance; : 数据库软件版本

select to_char(startup_time, ‘yyyy/mm/dd/hh24:mi:ss’) from v$isntance; : 实例启动状态

select status from v$instance; : 实例状态

select sid, serial#, username from v$session; ：当前会话列表

6. 文件的大小与分布

select sum(bytes)/1024/1024 || ‘M’ from v$datafile;

select round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024) || ‘G’ from v$datafile; : 数据文件总大小

select sum(bytes)/1024/1024 || ‘M’ from v$tempfile;

select founc(sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024) || ‘M’ from v$tempfile; : 临时文件总大小

select sum(bytes*members)/1024/1024 || ‘G’ from v$log;

select sum(block_size*file_size_blks)/1024/1024/1024) || ‘G’ from v$log; : 在线日志文件总大小

select sum(block_size*file_size_blks)/1024/1024 || ‘M’ from v$controlfile; : 控制文件总大小

selece count(*) from v$archived_log;

select min(block_size*blocks) from v$archived_log;

select max(block_size*blocks)/1024/1024 || ‘M’ from v$arhived_log;

select sum(block_size*blocks)/1024/1024/1024 || ‘G’ from v$archived_log;

select round(nvl(sum(block_size*blocks),0)/1024/1024/1024) || ‘G’ from v$archived_log where name is not null; : 归档日志文件总大小

select count(*0) from v$backup_piece;

select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 | ‘G’ from v$backup_piece;

select round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024) || ‘G’ from v$backup_piece where handle is not null; : 备份文件总大小

select distinct substr(name, 1, instr(name, ‘/‘, -1) from v$datafile; : 数据文件分布

select distinct substr(name, 1, instr(name, ‘/‘, -1)) from v$datafile; : 临时文件分布

select distinct substr(member, 1, instr(member, ‘/‘, -1) from v$logfile; : 在线日志文件分布

select distince substr(name, 1, instr(name, ‘/‘, -1)) from v$controlfile; : 控制文件分布

select distinct substr(name, 1, instr(name, ‘/‘, -1)) from v$archived_log; : 归档日志文件分布

select distinct substr(handle, 1, instr(handle, ‘/‘ -1)) from v$backup_piece; : 备份文件分布

select substr(value, 1, instr(value, ‘/‘, -1)) from v$parameter where name=‘spfile’;

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘background_dump_dest’;

ho ls -l /oprt/app/oracle/admin/DAL2AP/bdump/alert* : 告警日志位置

select value from v$parameter where name=‘background_dump_dest’; : 后台跟踪日志位置

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘user_dump_dest’; : 用户跟踪日志位置

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘core_dump_dest’; : 内核跟踪日志位置

7. 磁盘空间使用情况

各表空间占用率 ：

column “Toral_Space” fro a10

column “Free_Space” for a10

column “Used_Space” for a10

column “Free_Percentage” fro a6

colummn “Used_Percentage” fro a16

set pagesize 0

select df.tablespace_name, round(df.bytes/1024/1024, 2) || ‘M’ as “Total_Space”, round(nvl(fs.bytes, 0)/1024/1024, 2) || ‘M’ as “Free_Space”, round((df.bytes-nvl(fs.bytes, 0))/1024/1024, 2) || ‘M’ as “Used_Space”, round(nvl(fs.bytes, 0)/df.bytes, 4)*100 || ‘%’ as “Free_Persentage”, round(1-nvl(fs.bytes, 0)/df.bytes, 4)*100 || ‘%’ as “Used_Percentage” from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) as bytes from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) df, (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) as bytes from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) df, (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) as bytes from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name)fs where df.tablespace_name = fs.tablespace_name(+) order by df.tablespace_name;

主机资源使用情况 ：

desc v$resource_limit

select max(length(resource_name)) from v$resource_limit;

column resource_name format a21

select resource_name, current_utilization, max_utilization, initial_allocation, limit_value from v$resoure_limit;

数据库版本 ：

desc v$version

select banner from v$version;

数据库选项 ：

desc v$option

select max(length(parameter)), max(length(value)) from v$option;

column parameter format a35

column value fromat a5

select parameter, value from v$option;

最大进程数 ：

select value from v$parameter where name=‘process’;

最大会话数 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘sessions’;

数据块大小 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘db_block_size’;

游标共享模式 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘cursor_sharing’;

多块读批量 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘db_file_multiblock_read_dount’;

回滚段表空间 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘undo_tablespace’;

回滚段保留时间 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘undo_retention’;

回滚段管理模式 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘undo_management’;

系统全局区目标大小  ：

select value/1024/1024 || ‘M’ from v$parameter where name = ’sga_target’;

系统全局区最大值 ：

select value/1024/1024 || ‘M’ from v$parameter where name = ‘pga_aggregate_target’;

程序全局区目标 ：

select value/1024/1024 || ‘M’ from v$parameter where name = ‘pga_aggregate_target’;

时间统计 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘timed_statistics’;

初始化参数文件 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘ifile’;

数据库名称 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘db_name’;

数据库唯一名称 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘db_unique_name’;

实例名称 ；

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘instance_name’;

服务名称 ：

select value from v$parameter where name = ‘service_names’;

段的总数量 ：

select count(*) from user_segments;

各类型段的数量 ：

select segment_type group by segment_type order by segment_type;

大段列表 ：

desc user_segments

select max(length(segment_name)) from user_segments;

column segment_name format a30

column mb format a8

select max(length(tablespace_name)) from dba_tablespaces;

column tablespace_name format a13

select segment_name, tablespace_name, round(bytes/1024/1024) || ‘MB’ as MB, extents from user_segments where segment_type = ‘TABLE’ and bytes >= (1024*1024)*10 and rownum <= 5 order by bytes desc;

段的基本信息 ：

select segment_name, partition_name, segemnt_type, segment_subtype, tablespace_name, bytes, blocks, extents from user_segments where segment_name = ‘POSTPAY_BILLED_REVENUE’;

区的列表 ：

select segment_name, extent_id, bytes from user_extents where segment_name = ‘POSTPAY_BILLED_REVENUE’ order by extent_id’

区的大小分布 ：

select segment_name, bytes/1024/1024, count(*) from user_extents where segment_name = ‘POSTPAY_BILLED_REVENUE’ group by segment_name, bytes order by bytes;

用户存储空间消耗 ：

select user, round(sum(bytes/1024/1024/1024), 2) as sace_GB from user_segments;

前20个大段 ：

select segment_name, segment_type, tablespace_name, bytes, round(bytes/1024/1024/1024, 3) as space_GB from (select segment_name, segment_type, tablespace_name, bytes, extents from user_segments order by bytes desc) where rownu, <= 10;

表的基本信息 ：

select table_name, tablespace_name, num_rows, avg_row_len, last_analyzed, sample_size from user_tables where table_name = ‘POSTPAY_BILLED_REVENUE’;

字段的基本信息 ：

select table_name, column_id, column_name, data_type, data_length, nullable, num_distinct, num_nulls from user_tab_columns where table_name = ‘POSTPAY_BILLED_REVENUE’ order by column_id;

表的备注 ：

select table_name, table_type, comments from user_tab_comments where table_name = ‘POSTPAY_BILLED_REVENUE’;

字段的备注 ：

select table_name, column_name, comments from user_dol_comments where table_name = ‘POSTPAY_BILLED_REVENUE’;

表的约束 ：

select owner, constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name from user_constraints where table_naem = ‘POSTPAY_BILLED_REVENUE’ and constraint_type = ‘P’;

字段的约束 ：

select owner, constraint_name, table_name, column_name, position from user_cons_columns where constraint_name = ‘POSTRAY_BILLED_REVENUE_PK’ order by position;

所以的列表 ：

select table_name, index_type, uniqueness, tablespace_name, leaf_block, distinct_keys, clustering_factor, num_rows, last_analyzed from user_indexes where table_name = ‘POSTPAY_BILLED_REVENUE’;

索引的字段 ：

select table_name, index_name, column_position, column_name from user_ind_columns where table_name = ‘POSTPAY_BILLED_REVENUE’ order by index_name, column_position;

对象总数量 ：

select count(*) from user_objects;

对象分类数量 ：

select object_type, count(*) from user_objects group by object_type order by object_type;

数据库链接列表 ：

select * from user_db_links;

大对象列表 ：

select * from user_lobs;

物化视图列表 ：

select * from user_mviews;

视图列表 ：

select * from user_views;

了解业务表的例子 ：

select segment_name, segment_type, tablespace_name, round(bytes/1024/1024/1024, 2) || ‘GB’ as space_GB from user_segments where segment_name = ‘CUSTOMER’ and segment_type = ‘TABLE’;

select table_name, tablespace_name, num_rows, last_analyzed from user_tables where table_name = ‘CUSTOMER’;

select owner, constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name from user_constraints where table_name = ‘CUSTOMER’ and constraint_type = ‘P’;

LONG的显示设置 ：

show long

set long 7763

分页设置 ：

show pagesize

set pagesize 0

视图长度 ：

select owner, view_name, text_length from dba_views where view_name = ‘&view_name’;

视图定义 ：

select owner, view_name, text_length from dba_views where view_name = ‘&view_name’;

视图定义 ：

select text from dba_views where view_name = ‘&view_name’;

视图定义 ：

select dbms_metadata.get_ddl(‘VIEW’, ‘&view_name’, ‘CAMPAIGN’) from dual;

表的归属 ：

select owner, table_name, segment_type, bytes from dba_segments where segment_name = ‘&segment_name’;

多个段的大小 ：

select owner || ‘.’ ||segment_name as segment, segment_type, bytes/1024/1024 || ‘M’ as MB from dba_segments where segment_name in (‘&segment_name’);

索引的归属 ：

select owner,index_name, table_owner, table_name from dba_indexes where index_name = ‘&index_name’;

表的索引 ：

select owner, index_name, table_name from dba_indexes where table_name = ‘&table_name’;

表的索引字段 ：

select index_name, column_name, column_position from dba_ind_dolumns where table_name = ‘&table_name’;

索引的字段 ：

select index_name, column_name, column_position from dba_ind_columns where index_name = ‘&table_name’;

数据分布 ：

explain plan for select contactdatetime from campaign.UA_CONTACTHISTORY a where contactdatetime>systmestamp-200 and rownum=1;

select PLAN_ID, operation, options, object_name, id, parent_id from plan_table;

explian plan for select CONTACTDATETIME, CUSTOMERID from campaign.UA_DTLCONTACTHIST where CONTACTDATETIME>sysdate_&daysbefore and rownum=1;

select PLAN_ID, operation, options, object_name, id, parent_id from plan_table;

select to_char(CONTACTEATETIME, ‘yyyy-mm-dd’) as contactdatetime, CUSTOMERID from campaign.UA_DTLCONTACTHIST where CONTACTDATETIME>sysdate=&daysbefore and rownum=1;

explain plan for select count(CONTACTDATETIME) from campaign.UA_DTLCONTACTHIST where CONTACTDATETIME>sysdate-&daysbefore and CONTACDATETIME<sysdate=&daysbefore;

数据分布 ：

select to_char(CONTACTDATETIME, ‘yyyy-mm-dd’) as contact_datetime, count(CONTACTDATETIME) as contact_count from campaign.UA_DTLCONTACTHIST where CONTACTDATE

创建口令文件 ：orapwd

eg :

orapwd file = ‘$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapcms40’ password = oracle entries = 5 force = y;

文件系统（filesystme) ：方便管理

使用裸设备写入磁盘数据速度增快(raw)

自动存储管理(asm) : 兼顾性能和管理

把redolog中的文件内容dump下来，看其条目

SMON : 实例恢复

PMON : 

startup : 等于以下三个命令

startup nomount

alter database mount

alter database open

startup nomount : 非安装启动（可执行重建文件，重建数据库）读初始化参数文件(init.ora)，启动实例(instance)

startup mount : 安装启动（可执行数据库日志文档，数据库介质恢复，使数据文件联机或脱机，重新定位数据文件，重做日志文件）打开控制文件

startup open : 打开数据文件， 日志文件

startup restrict : 约束方式启动， 只允许具有一定特权的用户访问

startup force : 强制启动方式

startup pfile=参数名 ：带初始化参数文件的启动方式

startup exclusive : 独占方式启动，只允许一个例程使用数据库

启动ASM实例 ：

export ORACLE_SID=‘+ASM’

sqlplus /nolog

conn / as sysasm

startup

磁盘组

文件

磁盘

物理快

安装ASM : http://www.cnblogs.com/Richardzhu/articles/2972256.html

故障组

盘符改变

ASM_POWER_LIMIT : 在系统上配置负载（控制rebalance的速度）

管理磁盘组 ：

create diskgroup

alter diskgroup

drop diskgroup

ASMCMD : 实用程序

ASMCA : asm configuration assistant

RMAN (recovery manager)

rman target /

backup database;

list backup; ： 列出备份的原数据信息

delete obsolete; : 删除过期的备份

RUN命令块（批处理）

eg :

run

{

allocate channel c1 device type disk format “/disk2%u”;

backup as backupset database;

sql ‘alter system archive log current’;

}

note : 有的命令只能放在run块运行，有些不能，有些都可

开启归档模式 ：

mount模式下

alter database archivelog

恢复窗口保留策略

快速恢复区

crosscheck backup; : 交叉检查备份文件

crosscheck archivelog all; : 交叉检查归档日志文件

delete expired archivelog all; : 删除失效的归档日志文件

list archivelog;

list copy;

list backup;

误删归档文件后该怎么做：

catalog x : 把一个文件加到控制文件

catalog start with ‘文件路径’

oerr ora 00313 : 查看错误号信息

recover database until time 

官方手册 ：automatic storage management administrator’s guide

catalog : 恢复目录

常用于数据库较多的企业

rman target / @cmdfile1 : 执行cmdfile1脚本

查看控制文件内容 ：

1. 备份到跟踪文件 ：

alter database backup controlfile to trace as ‘/oradata/ctl.txt’;

查看udump下的trace

2. 或者dump该文件

3. strings control01.ctl

4. 查视图v$controlfile_record_section :

select * from v$controlfile_record_section;

5. 转储控制文件 ：

alter system set events ‘immediate trace name controlfile level 10’;

搭建catlog :

1. 创建catalog用户 ：

create user rcowner identified by rcpass temporary tablespace temp default tablespace rcat_ts quota unlimited on rcat_ts;

grant recovery_category_catlog , connect, resource to rcowner;

2. 连接 ：

connect catalog username／password@network_service_name

3. 在恢复目录中注册数据库

rman target

register database; : 同步数据

修改dbid ：

select dbid from v$database; : 查询dbid

使用dbnewid更改dbid

eg :

nid target=user/password@srv_name [dbname = new_dbname]

catalog backuppiece ‘file_name’;

恢复目录重新同步 ：

创建rman存储脚本 ：

create global script script_name 

run块

显示 ：print script script_name

更新 ：replace script script_name

删除 ：delete script script_name

重新穿件丢失的恢复目录 ：

resync catalog

catalog start with

导入和导出恢复目录 ：

审计恢复目录 ：

 upgrade catalog;(要执行两边）

删除恢复目录 ：

drop catalog;

使用虚拟专用目录 ：

创建rman虚拟专用目录 ：

1. 创建rman基本目录 ：

connect catalog catowner/oracle@catdb;

creae catalog;

2.

3.

4. 为11g客户机创建虚拟目录 ：

5. 对以前未列入目录的

target端的备份数据信息  到catalog端