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  • 数据集预处理之图像增强

           有时候,针对某一个应用领域,想要获取大量的图像数据集比较困难,而使用深度学习技术训练一个模型需要一定数量的数据集,对当前有限的数据进行扩充就变得非常必要。

           常用的图像增强技术有:

    1、颜色增强(color jittering)

        利用图像亮度,饱和度,对比度变化来增加数据量

    2、尺度增强(random scale)

    3、裁剪增强(random crop)

    4、主成分分析(PCA Jittering)

        按照RGB三个颜色通道计算均值和标准差,然后在整个训练集上计算协方差矩阵,进行特征分解,得到特征向量和特征值。

    5、平移变换(shift)

    6、水平、垂直翻转(horizontal,vertical flip)

    7、旋转,仿射变换(Rotation,Reflection)

    8、高斯噪声,模糊处理(Noise)

    9、类别不平衡数据增广(Label shuffle)

    代码实现(numpy):

    #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
    '''
    1.flip
    2.random crop
    3.color jittering
    4.shift
    5.scale
    6.contrast
    7.noise
    8.rotation,reflection
    '''
    
    from PIL import Image,ImageEnhance,ImageOps,ImageFile
    
    import numpy as np
    import random
    import threading,os,time
    import logging
    
    logger=logging.getLogger(__name__)
    ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES=True
    
    class DataAugmentation:
      def __init__(self):
        pass
    
      @staticmethod
      def openImage(image):
        return Image.open(image,mode='r')
    
      @staticmethod
      def randomRotation(image,mode=Image.BICUBIC):
      '''mode:邻近插值,双线性插值,双三次样条插值(default)'''
        random_angle=np.random.randint(1,360)
        return image.rotate(random_angle,mode)
    
      @staticmethod
      def randomcrop(image):
        image_width=image.size[0]
        image_height=image.size[1]
        crop_win_size=np.random.randint(min,max) #min,max为相对值
        random_region=(image_width-crop_win_size)>>1,(image_height-crop_win_size)>>1,(image_width+crop_win_size)>>1,(image_height+crop_win_size)>>1)
        return image.crop(random_region)
     
        @staticmethod
        def randomColor(image):
            """
            对图像进行颜色抖动
            :param image: PIL的图像image
            :return: 有颜色色差的图像image
            """
            random_factor = np.random.randint(0, 31) / 10.  # 随机因子
            color_image = ImageEnhance.Color(image).enhance(random_factor)  # 调整图像的饱和度
            random_factor = np.random.randint(10, 21) / 10.  # 随机因子
            brightness_image = ImageEnhance.Brightness(color_image).enhance(random_factor)  # 调整图像的亮度
            random_factor = np.random.randint(10, 21) / 10.  # 随机因1子
            contrast_image = ImageEnhance.Contrast(brightness_image).enhance(random_factor)  # 调整图像对比度
            random_factor = np.random.randint(0, 31) / 10.  # 随机因子
            return ImageEnhance.Sharpness(contrast_image).enhance(random_factor)  # 调整图像锐度  
    
        @staticmethod
        def randomGaussian(image, mean=0.2, sigma=0.3):
            """
             对图像进行高斯噪声处理
            :param image:
            :return:
            """
    
            def gaussianNoisy(im, mean=0.2, sigma=0.3):
                """
                对图像做高斯噪音处理
                :param im: 单通道图像
                :param mean: 偏移量
                :param sigma: 标准差
                :return:
                """
                for _i in range(len(im)):
                    im[_i] += random.gauss(mean, sigma)
                return im
    
            # 将图像转化成数组
            img = np.asarray(image)
            img.flags.writeable = True  # 将数组改为读写模式
            width, height = img.shape[:2]
            img_r = gaussianNoisy(img[:, :, 0].flatten(), mean, sigma)
            img_g = gaussianNoisy(img[:, :, 1].flatten(), mean, sigma)
            img_b = gaussianNoisy(img[:, :, 2].flatten(), mean, sigma)
            img[:, :, 0] = img_r.reshape([width, height])
            img[:, :, 1] = img_g.reshape([width, height])
            img[:, :, 2] = img_b.reshape([width, height])
            return Image.fromarray(np.uint8(img))
    
        @staticmethod
        def saveImage(image, path):
            image.save(path)
    
    def makeDir(path):
        try:
            if not os.path.exists(path):
                if not os.path.isfile(path):
                    # os.mkdir(path)
                    os.makedirs(path)
                return 0
            else:
                return 1
        except Exception, e:
            print str(e)
            return -2
    
    def imageOps(func_name, image, des_path, file_name, times=5):
        funcMap = {"randomRotation": DataAugmentation.randomRotation,
                   "randomCrop": DataAugmentation.randomCrop,
                   "randomColor": DataAugmentation.randomColor,
                   "randomGaussian": DataAugmentation.randomGaussian
                   }
        if funcMap.get(func_name) is None:
            logger.error("%s is not exist", func_name)
            return -1
    
        for _i in range(0, times, 1):
            new_image = funcMap[func_name](image)
            DataAugmentation.saveImage(new_image, os.path.join(des_path, func_name + str(_i) + file_name))
    
    opsList = {"randomRotation", "randomCrop", "randomColor", "randomGaussian"}
    
    
    def threadOPS(path, new_path):
        """
        多线程处理事务
        :param src_path: 资源文件
        :param des_path: 目的地文件
        :return:
        """
        if os.path.isdir(path):
            img_names = os.listdir(path)
        else:
            img_names = [path]
        for img_name in img_names:
            print img_name
            tmp_img_name = os.path.join(path, img_name)
            if os.path.isdir(tmp_img_name):
                if makeDir(os.path.join(new_path, img_name)) != -1:
                    threadOPS(tmp_img_name, os.path.join(new_path, img_name))
                else:
                    print 'create new dir failure'
                    return -1
                    # os.removedirs(tmp_img_name)
            elif tmp_img_name.split('.')[1] != "DS":
                # 读取文件并进行操作
                image = DataAugmentation.openImage(tmp_img_name)
                threadImage = [0] * 5
                _index = 0
                for ops_name in opsList:
                    threadImage[_index] = threading.Thread(target=imageOps,
                                                           args=(ops_name, image, new_path, img_name,))
                    threadImage[_index].start()
                    _index += 1
                    time.sleep(0.2)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        threadOPS("/home/image/train/data_orig",
                  "/home/image/train/data_enhance")
        

     代码实现(tf)

    tf.image.random_flip_leftright(image)
    img_buf=tf.gfile.FastGFile(file,'rb').read()
    decode=tf.image.decode_jpg(img_buf,channel=3)
    
    #flip_up_down(image)
    #crop
    #random_hue/contrast/bright/saturation
    
    #Save image:
    scipy.misc.imsave(filename,img)
    cv2.imwrite(filename)
    PIL.Image.open(filename)   img.save(filename)
    tf.image.encode_jpg(img)  tf.gfile.GFile(file,'wb') as f  f.write(img)

    参考链接:

    1、https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37192554/article/details/94733455

    2、https://www.cnblogs.com/zhonghuasong/p/7256498.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jimchen1218/p/12095446.html
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