1、破折号（--）
He is versatile -- he masters five different languages and plays the piano very well.
2、冒号（：）
He has finally made his goal known to us: he wants to be a scientist.
3、分号（；）
He is nice;quite often he is seen helping others.
4、并列连词
He enjoys taking pictures, and he has decided to pursue the art as his life career.
5、连接副词
He deserves our respect because he is honest.
6、关系词
He is a man who never tells lies.
第一节 连接符号
通常用来连接两句的标点符号只有三个，即：破折号（--），冒号（:）及分号（;）
一、破折号
1.破折号与连字符的区别
此类符号，有别于连字符（-）。前者用于连接句子或同位语，而后者则用以连接单词，形成复合词。
连字符：Mountain-climbing is my hobby.
The tiger is a man-eating animal.
2.破折号连接句子时，用来强调第一个从句，以补充意思的不足。
此时破折号有“也就是说”或“换句话说”的意思。
He is trash -- he is good for nothing. = He is trash. That is to say, he is good for nothing.
3.破折号也可以用来连接同位语
He finally made his purpose known to us -- to run after Susan.
His hobby -- taking pictures -- is a far cry from mine.
二、冒号
此类符号也可以用以连接句子，来强调前面句中的名词。
He has made his goal known: he wants to be a scientist.
三、分号
1. 此类符号等于逗点+连词（and,so,but...）
He is a man of principle; we all respect him.
=He is a man of princile, so we all respect him.
He is a photographer; quite often he travels abroad to take pictures.
=He is a photographer, and quite often he travels abroad to take pictures.
He is nice; none likes him, though.
=He is nice, but none likes him.
2.句号代替逗号
句中的并列词语原本用逗点相隔，再以并列连词相连，但若某并列词语中间有插入语时，会多出一些逗点。为了句意清楚起见，可用分号取代逗点。
He said that he had no money, that he had no friends to count on, and that he expected me to help him.
上列句中有三个that从句，以and连接，共做said的宾语，因此这三个从句称为并列从句，用逗点相隔
He said that he had no money;that, because of his ill temper, he had no friends to count on; and that he expected me to help him.
He enjoys dancing, swimming and jogging.
He enjoys dancing, which is his hobby; swimming, which he often does on Sundays; and jogging.
第二节 并列连词
一、连词
基本的并列连词一共只有三个：and,or,but。此种连词可用以连接并列的单词、短语或句子，故称为并列连词。
1.单词
He and I enjoy singing.
He is kind and handsome.
Is he sad or happy?
He doesn't like her but hates her.
2.短语
I came to see him and (to) tell him the truth.
Does he work in Taipei or in Kaohsiung?
He is not good at English but poor at it.
3.句子
He works hard, and his father is proud of him.
He doesn't study, but his teacher likes him.
Did he fail because he was lazy or because he was careless?
I like John, who is easy to get along with but whose brother is too arrogant to associate with.
二、连词短语
虽然基本的并列连词只有and,or,but三个，但也可以由此三个变化成下列数个连词短语：
and -> both... and...
or -> either... or... neither... nor...
but -> not... but... not only... but also...
1.单词
Both peter and Mary work hard.
He is not kind but cruel.
He will either stay or leave.
2.短语
He went to the United States not only to learn English but(also) to know more about American culture.
He succeeded both because of his intelligence and because of his hard work.
3.从句
He succeeded both because he was intelligent and because he worked hard.
Not only can she sing, but she can (also) dance.
三、as well as 与 rather than
下列连词短语也视为并列连词，可连接并列的单词、短语或句子。
as well as... 以及... ...
rather than... 而非... ...
1.单词
You as well as John like it.
He is happy rather than sad.
2.短语
He is interested in music rather than in painting.
He came here to learn English as well as to know more about life.
3.从句
He failed because he was lazy rather than because he was not intelligent.
I love her because she is intelligent as well as because she is considerate.
注意：as well as 或 rather than 连接主语时，该句动词始终点要随第一个主语做变化。
He as well as I is interested in music. // He ... is
= He no less than I is interested in music. // He ... is
= He together with me is interested in music. //He ... is
= He along with me is interested in music. // He ... is
注意：由于as well as 与no less than 为并列连词，故之后接主格形式I，以与He 并列。而together with 或along with 则为介词，故之后接宾语形式me，以作为with的宾语。
He rather than I is interested in music.
= He instead of me is interested in music.
= He not I, is interested in music.
注意：由于rather than 为并列连词，故之后接主格形式I，以与He并列。而instead of 则为介词，故之后接宾语形式me，以作为of的宾语。not也可以视为并列连词，等于rather than，惟使用时，not前应加逗点。
I like this book, not that one.
= I like this book rather than that one.
四、连词短语应用时的注意事项
使用both... and... /either... or.../neither... nor.../not... but.../not only... but also... 等连词短语，要注意下列事项：
1.连接主语时，both... and... 之后，始终接复数动词；其余连词连接主语时，动词则要随最近的主语做单数变化。
Both he and I are happy about it.
Either he or I am wrong.
Neither you nor he is to blame.
Not he but I am to be responsible for it.
Not only they but (also) John has passed the exam.
Is not only he but also I wrong?
2.连词使用
both... and... /neither... nor.../not... but... 等三组连词短语通常不用来连接主句，而not only... but also...则可用来连接主句，惟not only 引导的主语要采用倒装结构。
(1)所谓主句就是一开头就有主语出现的句子，它可单独存在，也就是俗称的简单句；亦可与副词从句、形容词从句并存。
He is good.
John seems to like it.
Peter is a man who never lies.
He said that he liked it.
When he came, I was studying.
(2)Both he is good at English, and he is good at math.(X)
->He is good at both English and math.(O)
Either you should listen to me, or you should get out of my sight.(可)
=You should either listen to me or get out of my sight.(佳)
Neither you can talk here, nor you can eat food here.(X)
-> You can neither talk nor eat food here.(O)
Not he is wrong, but you are wrong.(可)
->Not he but you are wrong.(佳)
但：Not only can she sing, but she can also dance.(O)
3.not only..., but also的应用规则
not only是否定副词的关系，若置于主句之前，该从句要采用倒装结构。而but also则为连词，所连接的第二主句不需倒装。
(1)be动词的倒装
Not only he is clever, but he is (also) polite.(X)
-> Not only is he clever, but he is polite.(O)
(2)助动词的倒装
Not only she can sing, but she can (also) dance.(X)
-> Not only can she sing, but she can dance.(O)
Not only he has learned a lot from his teacher, but he has (also) done quite well in academic affairs.(X)
-> Not only has he learned a lot from his teacher, but he has done quite well in academic affairs.(O)
(3)一般动词
倒装时要按人称时态另加do，does或did于主语前，原有的动词一律改为原形动词。
Not only she sings well, but she (also) dances beautifully.(X)
-> Not only does she sing well, but she dances beautifully.(O)
Not only I hate him, but I (also) feel like killing him.(X)
-> Not only do I hate him, but I feel like killing him.(O)
Not only he wrote good poems, but he could compose music.(X)
-> Not only did he write good poems, but he could compose music.(O)
4.not only... but also...
其中的also通常可以省略。若不省略，则连接单词或短语时but also不可分开，但连接主句时，bug also一定要分开，也就是将also置于主语之后。
(1)连接单词或短语
She is not only beautiful but (also) kind.
She is interested not only in music but (also) in art.
He came here ont only to learn English but (also) to know more about life.
(2) 连接主要句子
Not only can she dance, but also she can sing.(X)
-> Not only can she dance, but she can (also) sing.(O)
5. not only... but also...
=not only... but... as well
She is not only beautiful but (also) kind.
=She is not only beautiful but kind as well.
Not only he but (also) I am wrong.
=Not only he but I as well am wrong.
Not only can she sing, but she can (also) dance.
= Not only can she sing, but she can dance as well.
6. not only... but also
=not merely... but also
=not just... but also
He enjoys not only dancing but singing as well.
= He enjoys not just dancing but singing as well.
= He enjoys not merely dancing bug singing as well.
五、连词的独立用法
and, or, but 通常置于两个并列的主句之间，以发挥连词的功能
有时我们也可见到and,or,but变成大写，置于单一的主句（即简单句）句首，形成独立的用法。惟此类用法必须要有上下文才能存在。
例如：
无上下文：And he took my advice.(X)
有上下文：He was not sure as to how to handle the problem, but I told him not to worry about it until his father came.And he took my advice.(O)
无上下文：But he left just the same.(X)
有上下文：Since it was raining quite hard, I asked him to stay lest he should catch a could walking in the rain. But he left just the same.(O)
第三节 连接副词
一、连接副词只能连接从句
I like him because he is easy to get along with.
When he came, I was writing a letter.
上列句中，because及when就是连接副词，用以连接两个从句。
二、常用的连接副词
because(因为), though(虽然), if(如果), unless(除非), as soon as(一... ...就... ...), when(当), once(一旦)等。
三、连接副词引导副词从句，修饰主句
连接副词冠于任何一个从句前面，该从句就成为副词从句（注：相当于传统语法中的状语从句），而副词从句绝不可能单独存在，一定要依赖主句（即一开头就是主语的简单句）。整个副词从句可视为副词，用来修饰主句。
He is nice.简单句（或主句）
because he is nice副词从句
I like him, Because he is nice.(X)