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  • Spring容器启动前传——web应用

    spring是通过实现ServletContext的监听器来创建和初始化整个容器的,那ServletContext又是什么呢?

      可以把它理解为Web应用的一个共享内存,一个Web应用对应一个ServletContext,项目启动时就会创建ServletContext(关于ServletContext可以看一下这篇文章https://www.jianshu.com/p/31d27181d542,这不是本文的重点)

    spring也根据容器生命周期提供了各种事件,许多中间件集成spring也是基于这些事件来做的,这也是框架提供可扩展的一种方式,如下图:

                    

    当创建ContextLoaderListener时,由于监听器实现了ServletContextListener接口,而ServletContextListener提供了监听web容器启动时,初始化ServletContext后的事件监听及销毁ServletContext前的事件监听;因此,contextLoaderListener默认实现contextInitialized和contextDestroyed这两个方法;容器的初始化就是从contextInitialized开始的;

    public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
    
        public ContextLoaderListener() {
        }
    
        public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
            super(context);
        }
    
        /**
         * Initialize the root web application context.
    * 初始化容器 */ @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) { initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext()); } /** * Close the root web application context.
    * 销毁容器 */ @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) { closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext()); ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext()); } }
    initWebApplicationContext(servletContext)方法,其中又两个重要的方法。
    public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
            if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(
                        "Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
                        "check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
            }
    
            Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
            servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
            if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
            }
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    
            try {
                // Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
                // it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
                if (this.context == null) {
              /**
    * 创建上下文
    */
    this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext); } if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) { ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context; if (!cwac.isActive()) { // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc if (cwac.getParent() == null) { // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> // determine parent for root web application context, if any. ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext); cwac.setParent(parent); }
    /**
    * 加载配置和刷新上下文
    */ configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext); } }
    /**
    * 将上下文设置到ServletContext中
    */ servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE,
    this.context); ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) { currentContext = this.context; } else if (ccl != null) { currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context); } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" + WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]"); } if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms"); } return this.context; } catch (RuntimeException ex) { logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex); servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex); throw ex; } catch (Error err) { logger.error("Context initialization failed", err); servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err); throw err; } }

      先看下 createWebApplicationContext(servletContext) 方法:

    protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
            Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
            if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
                throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
                        "] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
            }
            return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
        }

      determineContextClass(sc) 方法是确定要创建的上下文类型,可以定义自己的实现类,如下:在web.xml中配置

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
        <param-value>My ContextClass</param-value>
    </context-param>

      如果没有定义,就用默认的 WebApplicationContext。

      再来看下 configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext) 方法。

    protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
            if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
                // The application context id is still set to its original default value
                // -> assign a more useful id based on available information
                String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
                if (idParam != null) {
                    wac.setId(idParam);
                }
                else {
                    // Generate default id...
                    wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
                            ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
                }
            }
    
            wac.setServletContext(sc);
            /**
             * 设置配置文件加载路径
             */
            String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
            if (configLocationParam != null) {
                wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
            }
    
            // The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
            // is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
            // use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
            /**
             * 创建系统环境
             */
            ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
            if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
                /**
                 * 获取系统参数和属性配置
                 */
                ((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
            }
            /**
    * 设置自定义的全局初始化器和上下文初始化器
    */ customizeContext(sc, wac); wac.refresh(); }

      获取配置文件路径,可以自己设置,如下:

    <servlet>
       <!-- 通过初始化参数,指定xml文件的位置 -->
       <init-param>
           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
           <param-value>classpath:my-spring.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
     </servlet>

      如果没有设置,默认的是在/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml。

      getEnvironment() 方法,会创建 StandardServletEnvironment 类,在创建其父类 AbstractEnvironment 创建时会读取系统环境参数和属性配置。

    public AbstractEnvironment() {
    	customizePropertySources(this.propertySources);
    	if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
    		logger.debug("Initialized " + getClass().getSimpleName() + " with PropertySources " + this.propertySources);
    	}
    }

      看下 customizePropertySources(this.propertySources) 方法

    @Override
    protected void customizePropertySources(MutablePropertySources propertySources) {
          propertySources.addLast(new MapPropertySource(SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, getSystemProperties()));
          propertySources.addLast(new SystemEnvironmentPropertySource(SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, getSystemEnvironment()));
    }

      获取属性配置 getSystemProperties() 其实就是调用的 System.getProperties() ,获取环境参数 getSystemEnvironment() 调用的 System.getenv()。

      customizeContext(sc, wac) 方法就是实例化自己定义的初始化器,并只执行。关于 AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer spring中并没有任何实现,是其提供的一个扩展点,springBoot中有很多实现。具体的逻辑可以参考这篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/f641385712/article/details/92709404

      最后,看到refresh是不是就比较亲切了。




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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jing-yi/p/15201237.html
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