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  • SpringCloud Ribbon

    负载均衡

    负载均衡(Load Balance)其意思就是分摊到多个操作单元上进行执行,例如Web服务器、FTP服务器、企业关键应用服务器和其它关键任务服务器等,从而共同完成工作任务,简单地说就是将用户的请求平摊的分配到多个服务上,从而达到HA(高可用);常见的负载均衡有软件Nginx、LVS,硬件F5等;

    Ribbon

    Ribbon是Netflix发布的云中间层服务开源项目,其主要功能是提供客户端实现负载均衡算法。Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时,重试等。简单的说,Ribbon是一个客户端负载均衡器,我们可以在配置文件中Load Balancer后面的所有机器,Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则(如简单轮询,随机连接等)去连接这些机器,我们也很容易使用Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。

    Ribbon客户端负载均衡 VS Nginx服务端负载均衡

           Nginx是服务器端负载均衡(集中式LB),客户端所有请求都会交给Nginx,然后有Nginx实现转发请求。如客户端C1请求服务器S1,S1通过Nginx负载均衡转发请求至S2、S3,C1只知道请求的服务器为S1,但实际请求的是S2、S3,即负载均衡由服务端实现,客户端不知道具体细节。
           Ribbon为客户端负载均衡(进程内LB),服务消费者在调用服务提供者(集群)微服务接口时,会在注册中心上获取服务提供者注册信息服务列表之后缓存到JVM本地,通过某种负载均衡算法(如轮询)选择调用的服务的地址,从而在本地实现RPC远程调用技术。

    Ribbon简单使用

    Ribbon负载均衡:Ribbon+RestTemplate远程调用。

    Eureka Client 服务消费者客户端

    pom.xml

    ...
    <!-- ribbon-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    ...
    

    spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client依赖中已经整合spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon,pom中可不重新引入。

    RestTemplateConfig.java

    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-7-28
     * @description :注入RestTemplate Bean
     */
    @Configuration
    public class RestTemplateConfig {
        /**
         * @LoadBalanced 通过服务名调用,开启Ribbon负载均衡,默认轮询
         * */
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced
        public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }
    

    AdminController.java

    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-7-28
     * @description : 管理员模块
     */
    @RestController
    public class AdminController {
        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;
        /**通过服务名调用*/
        private static final String USER_MODULE_URL = "http://user-server";
        /** RestTemplate forObject */
        @GetMapping(value = "/admin/get/userObject/{userId}", produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
        public Result searchUser(@PathVariable int userId) {
            Result result = restTemplate.getForObject(USER_MODULE_URL + "/get/user/" + userId, Result.class);
            return result;
        }
        /** RestTemplate forEntity */
        @GetMapping(value = "/admin/get/userEntity/{userId}", produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
        public Result findUser(@PathVariable int userId) {
            ResponseEntity<Result> entity = restTemplate.getForEntity(USER_MODULE_URL + "/get/user/" + userId, Result.class);
            if(entity.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful()){
                return entity.getBody();
            }else{
                return new Result(-200,"请求失败!");
            }
        }
        @GetMapping(value = "/admin/post/create/user", produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
        public Result createUser(@RequestBody User user) {
            Result result = restTemplate.postForObject(USER_MODULE_URL + "/post/create/user", user, Result.class);
            return result;
        }
    }
    

    UserController.java

    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-7-31
     * @description :用户模块
     */
    @RestController
    public class UserController {
        @Autowired
        private UserMapper userMapper;
        @Autowired
        private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
        @Value("${server.port}")
        String serverPort;
        Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);
    
        /**
         * 查询用户
         */
        @GetMapping(value = "/get/user/{userId}", produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
        public Result searchUser(@PathVariable(value = "userId") int userId) {
            User user = userMapper.getUserById(userId);
            if (user != null) {
                return new Result(200, "成功" + serverPort, user);
            }
            return new Result(-200, "无数据");
        }
    
        /**
         * 添加用户
         */
        @PostMapping(value = "/post/create/user", produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
        public Result createUser(@RequestBody User user) {
            int i = userMapper.createUser(user);
            if (i > 0) {
                return new Result(200, "成功" + serverPort, i);
            }
            return new Result(-200, "插入失败");
        }
    
        /**
         * 服务发现
         */
        @GetMapping(value = "/get/user/discovery")
        public Object discovery() {
            List<String> services = discoveryClient.getServices();
            List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("user-server");
            for (String sv : services) {
                logger.info("------------>service{}", sv);
            }
            for (ServiceInstance instance : instances) {
                logger.info("-->{}---{}---{}---{}<--", instance.getInstanceId(), instance.getHost(), instance.getPort(), instance.getUri());
            }
            return instances;
        }
    }
    
    启动服务

    测试

    8002

    8003

    Ribbon 现成的几种负载均衡策略
    #位置 com.netflix.loadbalancer包下
    #轮询策略,遍历所有
    RoundRobinRule 
    #随机,从可用服务列表中随机拉取服务节点Server
    RandomRule   
    #重试策略,首先使用轮询策略进行负载均衡,如果轮询失败,则再使用轮询策略进行一次重试,相当于重试下一个节点,看下一个节点是否可用,如果再失败,则直接返回失败。
    RetryRule  
    #最低并发策略,选择一个并发量最小的server返回,即ServerStats.activeRequestCount最小值
    BestAvailableRule 
    #区域权衡策略,复合判断server所在区域的性能和server的可用性,来选择调用server
    ZoneAvoidanceRule 
    #响应时间加权策略,根据响应时间,分配一个权重weight,响应时间越长,weight越小,被选中的可能性越低。
    WeightedResponseTimeRule  
    #可用过滤策略,过滤掉连接失败的服务节点,并且过滤掉高并发的服务节点,然后从健康的服务节点中,使用轮询策略选出一个节点返回
    AvailabilityFilteringRule 
    
    替换Ribbon负载均衡策略

           SpringCloud Eureka默认负载均衡策略为轮询,我们可根据需要替换策略;替换方式如下:
           自定义配置类注入该策略Bean,为主启动类添加@RibbonClent注解(注:单对某个微服务定制负载均衡策略时,该自定义配置类不能在主启动类所在包及子包下,即不能放在@ComponentScan所扫描包及子包下,需新建一个包;若对所有微服务替换负载均衡策略则需放在@ComponentScan可扫描到的包下。)

    RibbonRuleConfig.java

    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-7-31
     * @description :注入随机策略
     */
    @Configuration
    public class RibbonRuleConfig {
        @Bean
        public IRule getRule(){
            return new RandomRule();
        }
    }
    

    AdminApp.java

    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-7-28
     * @description : @RibbonClient  name:该负载均衡策略生效对象(微服务提供者)微服务名,configuration:自定义配置类
     */
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @RibbonClient(name = "user-server",configuration = RibbonRuleConfig.class)
    public class AdminApp {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(AdminApp.class);
        }
    }
    
    自定义负载均衡策略

    负载均衡策略,以不同的负载均衡算法获取请求目的地址
    通过自定义从微服务实例列表中获取目的微服务实例ServiceInstance的方法,即自定义获取目的微服务实例在列表List中的下标的过程,获取该下标对应的ServiceInstance,自定义负载均衡策略。

    通过自定义类自定义随机法

    SelfLoadBalancer.java

    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-8-1
     * @description :自定义负载均衡策略,选择目标服务的调用地址
     */
    @Component
    public class SelfLoadBalancer {
        private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SelfRoundRobinRule.class);
    
        public final ServiceInstance chooseByRandomRule(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances) {
            log.info("----------使用自定义随机策略----------");
            ServiceInstance instance = null;
            int instanceCount = serviceInstances.size();
            while (instance == null) {
                if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                    return null;
                }
    
                int index = this.chooseRandomInt(instanceCount);
                log.info("下次请求下标为:{}", index);
                instance = (ServiceInstance) serviceInstances.get(index);
                Thread.yield();
            }
            return instance;
    
        }
    
        protected int chooseRandomInt(int serverCount) {
            return ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(serverCount);
        }
    }
    

    AdminController.java

    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-7-28
     * @description : 管理员模块
     */
    @RestController
    public class AdminController {
        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;
        @Autowired
        private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
        @Autowired
        SelfLoadBalancer selfLoadBalancer;
        /**
         * 服务名
         */
        private final String SERVICE_NAME = "user-server";
         /**
         * 自定义负载均衡策略选择目标服务实例地址
         */
        @GetMapping(value = "/admin/get/user/{userId}", produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
        public Result selfRuleFindUser(@PathVariable int userId) {
            List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances(SERVICE_NAME);
            ServiceInstance serviceInstance = selfLoadBalancer.chooseByRandomRule(instances);
            Result result = restTemplate.getForObject(serviceInstance.getUri() + "/get/user/" + userId, Result.class);
            result.setMsg("自定义随机数负载均衡策略----------" + result.getMsg());
            return result;
        }
    

    RestTemplateConfig.java

    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-7-28
     * @description :注入RestTemplate Bean
     */
    @Configuration
    public class RestTemplateConfig {
        /**
         * @LoadBalanced 通过服务名调用,开启负载均衡
         * 使用自定义负载均衡方法时需注释该方法,不开启服务名调用
         * */
        /*@Bean
        @LoadBalanced
        public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
            return new RestTemplate();
        }*/
    
        /**
         * @LoadBalanced 直接使用RestTemplate调用请求地址,使用自定义负载均衡方法获取地址
         */
        @Bean
        public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }
    

    AdminApp.java

    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-7-28
     * @description : @RibbonClient  name:该负载均衡策略生效对象(微服务提供者)微服务名,configuration:自定义配置类
     */
    /*@SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @RibbonClient(name = "user-server",configuration = RibbonRuleConfig.class)
    public class AdminApp {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(AdminApp.class);
        }
    }*/
    
    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-7-28
     * @description : 使用自定义负载均衡策略 SelfLoadBalancer.class,去掉@RibbonClient注解
     */
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    public class AdminApp {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(AdminApp.class);
        }
    }
    

    通过继承AbstractLoadBalancerRule.class类替换默认轮询方法自定义负载均衡策略

    SelfRoundRobinRule.java

    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-8-1
     * @description :自定义轮询负载均衡策略,千万不能有@Component,否则通过配置类RibbonRuleConfig.class注入bean后,
     * spring会检测到两个相同的Bean报错
     * 该类为修改后的RoundRobinRule
     */
    public class SelfRoundRobinRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule {
        private AtomicInteger nextServerCyclicCounter;
        private static final boolean AVAILABLE_ONLY_SERVERS = true;
        private static final boolean ALL_SERVERS = false;
        /**
         * 每个请求轮询两次
         */
        private static final int ROUND_NUMBER = 2;
        private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SelfRoundRobinRule.class);
    
        public SelfRoundRobinRule() {
            this.nextServerCyclicCounter = new AtomicInteger(0);
        }
    
        public SelfRoundRobinRule(ILoadBalancer lb) {
            this();
            this.setLoadBalancer(lb);
        }
    
        public Server choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key) {
            if (lb == null) {
                log.warn("no load balancer");
                return null;
            } else {
                Server server = null;
                int count = 0;
    
                while (true) {
                    if (server == null && count++ < 10) {
                        List<Server> reachableServers = lb.getReachableServers();
                        List<Server> allServers = lb.getAllServers();
                        int upCount = reachableServers.size();
                        int serverCount = allServers.size();
                        if (upCount != 0 && serverCount != 0) {
                            int nextServerIndex = this.incrementAndGetModulo(serverCount);
                            server = (Server) allServers.get(nextServerIndex);
                            if (server == null) {
                                Thread.yield();
                            } else {
                                if (server.isAlive() && server.isReadyToServe()) {
                                    return server;
                                }
    
                                server = null;
                            }
                            continue;
                        }
    
                        log.warn("No up servers available from load balancer: " + lb);
                        return null;
                    }
    
                    if (count >= 10) {
                        log.warn("No available alive servers after 10 tries from load balancer: " + lb);
                    }
    
                    return server;
                }
            }
        }
    
        private int incrementAndGetModulo(int modulo) {
            int current;
            int next;
            int index;
            do {
                current = this.nextServerCyclicCounter.get();
                log.info("当前请求{}次", current);
                //下次请求次数大于等于Integer.MAX_VALUE时,重置为0
                next = (current + 1) >= 2147483647 ? 0 : (current + 1);
            } while (!this.nextServerCyclicCounter.compareAndSet(current, next));
    
            //轮询两次 下一次请求下标=(次数/2)/总服务数量
            index = (current / ROUND_NUMBER) % modulo;
            log.info("下次请求下标为:{}", index);
            return index;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Server choose(Object key) {
            return this.choose(this.getLoadBalancer(), key);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig clientConfig) {
        }
    }
    

    后续操作与替换负载均衡策略相同
    -自定义配置类
    -主启动类添加@RibbonClient(name = "user-server",configuration = RibbonRuleConfig.class)
    RibbonRuleConfig.java

    /**
     * @author :jty
     * @date :20-7-31
     * @description :注入自定义轮询策略
     */
    @Configuration
    public class RibbonRuleConfig {
        @Bean
        public IRule getRule(){
            return new SelfRoundRobinRule();
        }
    }
    

    然后在主启动类上添加@RibbonClient(name = "user-server",configuration = RibbonRuleConfig.class),对suer-server服务使用自定义策略

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jinit/p/13407519.html
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