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  • Python logging模块使用记录

    
    

    1.简单的将日志打印到屏幕


    import
    logging logging.debug('This is debug message') logging.info('This is info message') logging.warning('This is warning message') 屏幕上打印: WARNING:root:This is warning message

    默认情况下,logging将日志打印到屏幕,日志级别为WARNING;

    日志级别大小关系为:CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET,当然也可以自己定义日志级别。

    2.通过logging.basicConfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置

     1 import logging
     2 
     3 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
     4                 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
     5                 datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
     6                 filename='myapp.log',
     7                 filemode='w')
     8     
     9 logging.debug('This is debug message')
    10 logging.info('This is info message')
    11 logging.warning('This is warning message')
    12  
    13 ./myapp.log文件中内容为:
    14 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
    15 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
    16 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message

    logging.basicConfig函数各参数:
    filename: 指定日志文件名
    filemode: 和file函数意义相同,指定日志文件的打开模式,'w'或'a'
    format: 指定输出的格式和内容,format可以输出很多有用信息,如上例所示:
     %(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值
     %(levelname)s: 打印日志级别名称
     %(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径,其实就是sys.argv[0]
     %(filename)s: 打印当前执行程序名
     %(funcName)s: 打印日志的当前函数
     %(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号
     %(asctime)s: 打印日志的时间
     %(thread)d: 打印线程ID
     %(threadName)s: 打印线程名称
     %(process)d: 打印进程ID
     %(message)s: 打印日志信息
    datefmt: 指定时间格式,同time.strftime()
    level: 设置日志级别,默认为logging.WARNING
    stream: 指定将日志的输出流,可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件,默认输出到sys.stderr,当stream和filename同时指定时,stream被忽略

    3.将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕

     1 import logging
     2 
     3 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
     4                 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
     5                 datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
     6                 filename='myapp.log',
     7                 filemode='w')
     8 
     9 #################################################################################################
    10 #定义一个StreamHandler,将INFO级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误,并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象#
    11 console = logging.StreamHandler()
    12 console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    13 formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
    14 console.setFormatter(formatter)
    15 logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
    16 #################################################################################################
    17 
    18 logging.debug('This is debug message')
    19 logging.info('This is info message')
    20 logging.warning('This is warning message')
    21  
    22 屏幕上打印:
    23 root        : INFO     This is info message
    24 root        : WARNING  This is warning message
    25 ./myapp.log文件中内容为:
    26 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
    27 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
    28 Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message

    4.logging之日志回滚

     1 import logging
     2 from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
     3 
     4 #################################################################################################
     5 #定义一个RotatingFileHandler,最多备份5个日志文件,每个日志文件最大10M
     6 Rthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log', maxBytes=10*1024*1024,backupCount=5)
     7 Rthandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     8 formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
     9 Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter)
    10 logging.getLogger('').addHandler(Rthandler)
    11 ################################################################################################

    从上例和本例可以看出,logging有一个日志处理的主对象,其它处理方式都是通过addHandler添加进去的。
    logging的几种handle方式如下:

    logging.StreamHandler: 日志输出到流,可以是sys.stderr、sys.stdout或者文件
    logging.FileHandler: 日志输出到文件

    日志回滚方式,实际使用时用RotatingFileHandler和TimedRotatingFileHandler
    logging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandler
    logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
    logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler

    logging.handlers.SocketHandler: 远程输出日志到TCP/IP sockets
    logging.handlers.DatagramHandler:  远程输出日志到UDP sockets
    logging.handlers.SMTPHandler:  远程输出日志到邮件地址
    logging.handlers.SysLogHandler: 日志输出到syslog
    logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler: 远程输出日志到Windows NT/2000/XP的事件日志
    logging.handlers.MemoryHandler: 日志输出到内存中的制定buffer
    logging.handlers.HTTPHandler: 通过"GET"或"POST"远程输出到HTTP服务器

    由于StreamHandler和FileHandler是常用的日志处理方式,所以直接包含在logging模块中,而其他方式则包含在logging.handlers模块中,

    5.通过logging.config模块配置日志

    #logger.conf
    ###############################################
    [loggers]
    keys=root,example01,example02
    [logger_root]
    level=DEBUG
    handlers=hand01,hand02
    [logger_example01]
    handlers=hand01,hand02
    qualname=example01
    propagate=0
    [logger_example02]
    handlers=hand01,hand03
    qualname=example02
    propagate=0
    ###############################################
    [handlers]
    keys=hand01,hand02,hand03
    [handler_hand01]
    class=StreamHandler
    level=INFO
    formatter=form02
    args=(sys.stderr,)
    [handler_hand02]
    class=FileHandler
    level=DEBUG
    formatter=form01
    args=('myapp.log', 'a')
    [handler_hand03]
    class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler
    level=INFO
    formatter=form02
    args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5)
    ###############################################
    [formatters]
    keys=form01,form02
    [formatter_form01]
    format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s
    datefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S
    [formatter_form02]
    format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s
    datefmt=
    上例3:
    import logging
    import logging.config
    
    logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
    logger = logging.getLogger("example01")
    
    logger.debug('This is debug message')
    logger.info('This is info message')
    logger.warning('This is warning message')
    上例4:
    import logging
    import logging.config
    
    logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
    logger = logging.getLogger("example02")
    
    logger.debug('This is debug message')
    logger.info('This is info message')
    logger.warning('This is warning message')
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jinjiangongzuoshi/p/4966319.html
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