1. 回顾
前文的示例中是使用RestTemplate实现REST API调用的,代码大致如下:
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://microservice-provider-user/" + id, User.class);
}
由代码克制,我们是使用拼接字符串的方式构造URL的,该URL只有一个参数。
然而在现实中,URL往往有多个参数。如果这时还使用这种方式构造URL,那么就会变得很低效,并且难以维护。
2. Feign简介
Feign是Netflix开发的声明式、模板化的HTTP客户端,其灵感来自Retrofit、JAXRS-2.0以及WebSocket。Feign可帮助我们更加便捷、优雅地调用HTTP API。
在Spring Cloud中,使用Feign非常简单——创建一个接口,并在接口上添加一些注解,代码就完成了。Feign支持多种注解,例如Feign自带的注解或者
JAX-RS注解等。
Spring Cloud对Feign进行了增强,使Feign支持了Spring MVC注解,并整合了Ribbon和Eureka,从而让Feign的使用更加方便。
3. 为服务消费者整合Feign
> 复制项目 microservice-consumer-movie,将ArtifactId修改为 microservice-consumer-movie-feign
> 添加Feign的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
> 创建一个Feign接口,并添加@FeignClient注解
package com.itmuch.cloud.microserviceconsumermoviefeign.feign;
import com.itmuch.cloud.microserviceconsumermoviefeign.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user")
public interface UserFeignClient {
@GetMapping(value = "/{id}")
User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
@FeignClient注解中的microservice-provider-user是一个任意的客户端名称,用于创建Ribbon负载均衡器。在本例中,由于使用了Eureka,
所以Ribbon会把microservice-provider-user解析成Eureka Server服务注册表中的服务。
如果不想使用Eureka,也可使用service.ribbon.listOfServers属性配置服务器列表
也可使用url属性指定请求的URL(URL可以是完整的URL或主机名),例如
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user", url = "http://localhost:8000/")
> 修改Controller代码,让其调用Feign接口
package com.itmuch.cloud.microserviceconsumermoviefeign.controller;
import com.itmuch.cloud.microserviceconsumermoviefeign.feign.UserFeignClient;
import com.itmuch.cloud.microserviceconsumermoviefeign.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class MovieController {
@Autowired
private UserFeignClient userFeignClient;
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
return this.userFeignClient.findById(id);
}
}
> 修改启动类,添加@EnableFeignClients注解
package com.itmuch.cloud.microserviceconsumermoviefeign;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class MicroserviceConsumerMovieFeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceConsumerMovieFeignApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
> 启动 microservice-discovery-eureka
> 启动两个以上的 microservice-provider-user 实例
> 启动 microservice-consumer-movie-feign
> 多次访问 http://localhost:8010/user/1,在各个实例的控制台下都可看见类似日志
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-03-27 17:48:19.468 TRACE 14160 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-03-27 17:48:19.480 TRACE 14160 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-03-27 17:48:19.481 TRACE 14160 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-03-27 17:48:19.481 TRACE 14160 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [张三]
2018-03-27 17:48:19.481 TRACE 14160 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
4. 总结
以上结果说明,本文实现了声明式的REST API调用,同时还实现了客户端侧的负载均衡。
下文将讲解自定义Feign配置,敬请期待~~~
5. 参考
周立 --- 《Spring Cloud与Docker微服务架构与实战》