锁 Lock、重入锁、写入锁

ReentrantLock 重入锁 类似于synchronize 区别与写法上，在需要进行同步的代码部分加上锁定，但不要忘记最后一定要释放锁定，
   不然会造成锁永远无法释放，其他线程永远进不来的结果。
eg:

package com.zym.height.Lock01;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class UseReentrantLock {
    
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    
    public void method1(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入method1..");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出method1..");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void method2(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入method2..");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出method2..");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final UseReentrantLock ur = new UseReentrantLock();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                ur.method1();
                ur.method2();
            }
        }, "t1");

        t1.start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //System.out.println(ur.lock.getQueueLength());
    }
    
    
}

Lock Condition 
公平锁和非公平锁

Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();    
lock用法：
tryLock()：尝试获得锁（在给定的时间内尝试获得锁），获得结果用true/false返回。
isFair():是否是公平锁。
isLocked()：是否锁定。
getHoldCount()：查询当前线程保持此锁的个数，也就是调用lock()次数。
lockInterruptibly()：优先响应中断的锁。
getQueueLength()：返回正在等待获取此锁的线程数。
getWaitQueueLength()：返回等待与锁定相关的给定条件Condition的线程数。
hasQueuedThread(Thread thread)：查询指定的线程是否正在等待此锁。
hasQueuedThreads()：查询是否有线程正在等待此锁。
hasWaiters()：查询是否有线程正在等待与此锁定有关的condition条件。

package com.zym.height.Lock01;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class UseCondition {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    
    public void method1(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入等待状态..");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "释放锁..");
            condition.await();    // Object wait
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +"继续执行...");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void method2(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入..");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "发出唤醒..");
            condition.signal();        //Object notify
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        final UseCondition uc = new UseCondition();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                uc.method1();
            }
        }, "t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                uc.method2();
            }
        }, "t2");
        t1.start();

        t2.start();
    }
    
    
    
}

package com.zym.height.Lock01;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class UseManyCondition {

    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
    
    public void m1(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m1等待..");
            c1.await();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m1继续..");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void m2(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m2等待..");
            c1.await();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m2继续..");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void m3(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m3等待..");
            c2.await();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m3继续..");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void m4(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "唤醒..");
            c1.signalAll();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void m5(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "唤醒..");
            c2.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        
        final UseManyCondition umc = new UseManyCondition();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                umc.m1();
            }
        },"t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                umc.m2();
            }
        },"t2");
        Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                umc.m3();
            }
        },"t3");
        Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                umc.m4();
            }
        },"t4");
        Thread t5 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                umc.m5();
            }
        },"t5");
        
        t1.start();    // c1
        t2.start();    // c1
        t3.start();    // c2
        

        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        t4.start();    // c1
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        t5.start();    // c2
        
    }
    
    
    
}

package com.zym.height.Lock01;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
 * lock.getHoldCount()方法：只能在当前调用线程内部使用，不能再其他线程中使用
 * 那么我可以在m1方法里去调用m2方法，同时m1方法和m2方法都持有lock锁定即可 测试结果holdCount数递增
 *
 */
public class TestHoldCount {

    //重入锁
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    
    public void m1(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("进入m1方法，holdCount数为：" + lock.getHoldCount());
            
            //调用m2方法
            m2();
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void m2(){
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("进入m2方法，holdCount数为：" + lock.getHoldCount());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestHoldCount thc = new TestHoldCount();
        thc.m1();
    }
}

ReentrantReadWriteLock
读写锁  其核心就是实现读写分离的锁，在高并发访问下，尤其是读多写少的情况下，性能要远高于重入锁，在同一时间，只能有一个线程
　　　　　　可以进行访问被锁定的代码，那么读写锁则不同，其本质是分层两个锁，即读锁、写锁。在读锁下，多个线程可以并发的进行访问，
　　　　　　但是在写锁的时候，只能一个一个的顺序访问。
口诀：读读共享，写写互斥，读写互斥。

package com.zym.height.Lock01;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock;

public class UseReentrantReadWriteLock {

    private ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    private ReadLock readLock = rwLock.readLock();
    private WriteLock writeLock = rwLock.writeLock();
    
    public void read(){
        try {
            readLock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            readLock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void write(){
        try {
            writeLock.lock();
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            writeLock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        final UseReentrantReadWriteLock urrw = new UseReentrantReadWriteLock();
        
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                urrw.read();
            }
        }, "t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                urrw.read();
            }
        }, "t2");
        Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                urrw.write();
            }
        }, "t3");
        Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                urrw.write();
            }
        }, "t4");        
        
//        t1.start();
//        t2.start();
        
//        t1.start(); // R 
//        t3.start(); // W
        
        t3.start();
        t4.start();
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
    }
}