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  • java异常处理动手动脑

    实验任务一、多层的异常捕获-1

    1.实验内容:阅读以下代码(CatchWho.java),写出程序运行结果:

      public class CatchWho{

     

       

        public static void main(String[] args) {

            try {

                    try {

                       throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();

                    }

                    catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

                               System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" +  "内层try-catch");

                    }

     

                throw new ArithmeticException();

            }

            catch(ArithmeticException e) {

                System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException");

            }

            catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

               System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch");

            }

        }

       

    }

     

    2.结果截图:

    实验任务二、多层的异常捕获-2

    1.实验内容:写出CatchWho2.java程序的运行结果

       public class CathchWho2{

           public static void main(String[] args) {

            try {

                    try {

                       throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();

                    }

                    catch(ArithmeticException e) {

                       System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "内层try-catch");

                    }

                throw new ArithmeticException();

            }

            catch(ArithmeticException e) {

                System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException");

            }

            catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

                System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "外层try-catch");

            }

        }

    }

     

     

    2.结果截图:

    实验任务三:动手动脑1

    1.实验内容:请阅读并运行AboutException.java示例,然后通过后面的几页PPT了解Java中实现异常处理的基础知识。

    2.代码:

    import javax.swing.*;

     

    class AboutException {

       public static void main(String[] a)

       {

          int i=1, j=0, k;

          k=i/j;

     

     

           try

           {

                 

                  k = i/j;    // Causes division-by-zero exception

                  //throw new Exception("Hello.Exception!");

           }

          

           catch ( ArithmeticException e)

           {

                  System.out.println("被0除.  "+ e.getMessage());

           }

          

           catch (Exception e)

           {

                  if (e instanceof ArithmeticException)

                         System.out.println("被0除");

                  else

                  { 

                         System.out.println(e.getMessage());

                        

                  }

           }

     

          

           finally

         {

                    JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,"OK");

         }

                 

      }

    }

     

    3.运行结果截图:

    4.总结:将可能要出现错误的语句放到try语句中,当程序检测到这个错误时,用catch语句捕获并且处理该错误,如果发生了异常,程序会由try语句跳到catch语句。但如果没有提供合适的异常处理代码,JVM会结束整个应用程序。

    实验任务四:动手动脑2

    1.实验内容:请先阅读 EmbedFinally.java示例,再运行它,观察其输出并进行总结。

      代码:

    import javax.swing.*;

    public class EmbedFinally{

           public static void main(String args[]) {

           

                  int result;

           

                  try {

               

                         System.out.println("in Level 1");

     

              

                        try {

                   

                                System.out.println("in Level 2");

      // result=100/0;  //Level 2

                  

                               try {

                      

                                      System.out.println("in Level 3");

                         

                                      result=100/0;  //Level 3

                   

                                }

                   

                                catch (Exception e) {

                        

                                       System.out.println("Level 3:" + e.getClass().toString());

                   

                                }

                   

                   

                                finally {

                       

                                       System.out.println("In Level 3 finally");

                   

                                }

                   

                   

                                // result=100/0;  //Level 2

     

               

                                }

               

                         catch (Exception e) {

                  

                               System.out.println("Level 2:" + e.getClass().toString());

              

                        }

                        finally {

                   

                                System.out.println("In Level 2 finally");

              

                          }

                

                         // result = 100 / 0;  //level 1

           

                  }

           

                  catch (Exception e) {

               

                         System.out.println("Level 1:" + e.getClass().toString());

           

                  }

           

                  finally {

              

                        System.out.println("In Level 1 finally");

           

                  }

       

           }

    }

     

     

    2.运行结果截图:

     

    3.总结:当try....catch....finally语句嵌套使用时,程序会先执行内层的try语句,当检测到错误时由catch语句捕获,而内层捕获并处理了异常,外层就不会再捕获,只执行finally语句块,如果内层并未处理该异常,则外层捕获并处理异常,执行外层的finally语句,比如将上述代码修改后的结果并不相同:

    import javax.swing.*;

    public class EmbedFinally{

           public static void main(String args[]) {

           

                  int result;

           

                  try {

               

                         System.out.println("in Level 1");

     

              

                        try {

                   

                                System.out.println("in Level 2");

      // result=100/0;  //Level 2

                  

                               try {

                      

                                      System.out.println("in Level 3");

                         

                                      result=100/0;  //Level 3

                   

                                }

                   

                   

                                finally {

                       

                                       System.out.println("In Level 3 finally");

                   

                                }

                    

                  

                                // result=100/0;  //Level 2

     

               

                                }

               

                         catch (Exception e) {

                  

                               System.out.println("Level 2:" + e.getClass().toString());

              

                        }

                        finally {

                   

                                System.out.println("In Level 2 finally");

              

                          }

                

                         // result = 100 / 0;  //level 1

           

                  }

           

                  catch (Exception e) {

               

                         System.out.println("Level 1:" + e.getClass().toString());

           

                  }

           

                  finally {

              

                        System.out.println("In Level 1 finally");

           

                  }

       

           }

    }

    输出结果为:

    这是因为最内层的并没有catch语句捕获到异常,但仍执行finally语句块,由外层的catch语句捕获到异常并处理,执行该层的finally语句,再外层的catch便不再捕获该异常,只执行finally语句块。

    实验任务五:动手动脑3

    1.实验内容:辨析finally语句块一定会执行吗?请通过 SystemExitAndFinally.java示例程序回答上述问题

       2.代码:

    import javax.swing.*;

    public class SystemExitAndFinally{

           public static void main(String[] args)

        {

           

                  try{

     

               

                         System.out.println("in main");

               

                         throw new Exception("Exception is thrown in main");

     

                           //System.exit(0);

     

           

                  }

           

                  catch(Exception e)

     

                   {

               

                         System.out.println(e.getMessage());

               

                         System.exit(0);

           

                  }

           

                  finally

           

                  {

               

                         System.out.println("in finally");

           

                  }

        }

    }

    3.结果截图:

    4.分析:

    如果上述代码修改为:

    import javax.swing.*;

    public class SystemExitAndFinally{

           public static void main(String[] args)

        {

           

                  try{

     

               

                         System.out.println("in main");

               

                         throw new Exception("Exception is thrown in main");

     

                           //System.exit(0);

     

           

                  }

           

                  catch(Exception e)

     

                   {

               

                         System.out.println(e.getMessage());

           

                  }

           

                  finally

           

                  {

               

                         System.out.println("in finally");

           

                  }

        }

    }

    而这段程序执行的结果为:

    说明这段程序执行了finally语句块,一般情况下,finally语句块一定执行,但是当异常处理代码catch中执行System.exit(0)时,会退出java虚拟机,也就不再执行finally语句块。

    实验任务六:归纳与总结

    1.实验内容:依据对本讲多个示例程序的分析,请自行归纳总结出Java多层嵌套异常处理的基本流程。

    2.总结:先内层捕获异常,进行处理,处理完之后外层不再处理,如有finally语句则执行,若catch语句中执行了System.exit(0)时,finally语句也不再执行。如果内层未捕获异常,则由外层处理异常,然后执行finally语句块,同样,若catch语句执行了System.exit(0),finally语句不再执行。如果有多个catch语句,则如果有一个捕获到之后,其它的catch语句被忽略,不再执行。

    实验任务七:动手动脑4

    1.实验内容:编写一个程序,此程序在运行时要求用户输入一个整数,代表某门课的考试成绩,程序接着给出“不及格”、“及格”、“中”、“良”、“优”的结论。

    2.代码:

    package Tutorial9;

    import java.util.*;

    class yichang extends Exception{

          

    }

    class yichang1 extends Exception{

          

    }

    public class Zuoye {

           static Zuoye A=new Zuoye();

           public static void Dongnao(){

                   Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);

               System.out.print("请输入一个整数:");

               int t=1;

                int m1;

                   String m=in.next();

                   for(int i=0;i<m.length();i++){

                          if(m.charAt(i)<'0'||m.charAt(i)>'9')

                          {

                                 try{

                                        throw new yichang();

                                 }catch(yichang e){

                                        t=0;

                                        System.out.println("数字格式异常,重新输入");

                                        break;

                                 }

                          }

                   }

                   if(t==1){

                          m1=Integer.parseInt(m);

                          if(m1>100){

                                 try{

                                        throw new yichang1();

                                 }catch(yichang1 e){

                                        System.out.println("不合法,重新输入");

                                 }

                          }

                          else{

                              if(m1<60){

                                     System.out.println("不及格");

                              }

                              else if(m1>=60)

                              {

                                     if(m1>65&&m1<75){

                                            System.out.println("中");

                                     }

                                     else if(m1>=75&&m1<90){

                                            System.out.println("良");

                                     }

                                     else if(m1>=90&&m1<=100){

                                            System.out.println("优");

                                     }

                                     else{

                                            System.out.println("及格");

                                     }

                              }

                          }

                   }

                   else

                         A.Dongnao();

           }

         public static void main(String args[]){

               while(true){

                A.Dongnao();

               }

         }

    }

    3.结果截图:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jokerr/p/6099675.html
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