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  • spring-boot 速成(9) druid+mybatis 多数据源及读写分离的处理

    上节继续学习,稍微复杂的业务系统,一般会将数据库按业务拆开,比如产品系统的数据库放在product db中,订单系统的数据库放在order db中...,然后,如果量大了,可能每个库还要考虑做读、写分离,以进一步提高系统性能,下面就来看看如何处理:

    核心思路:配置多个数据源,然后利用RoutingDataSource结合AOP来动态切不同的库。

    要解决的问题:

    1、配置文件中,多数据源的配置节点如何设计?

    复制代码
     1 druid:
     2     type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
     3     study:
     4       master: #study库的主库
     5         url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/study?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useUnicode=true
     6         driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
     7         username: root
     8         password: A1b2c3@def.com
     9         initial-size: 5
    10         min-idle: 1
    11         max-active: 20
    12         test-on-borrow: true
    13       slave: #study库的从库
    14         url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/study_slave?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useUnicode=true
    15         driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    16         username: root
    17         password: A1b2c3@def.com
    18         initial-size: 5
    19         min-idle: 1
    20         max-active: 20
    21         test-on-borrow: true
    22     product:
    23       master: #product库的主库
    24         url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/product?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useUnicode=true
    25         driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    26         username: root
    27         password: A1b2c3@def.com
    28         initial-size: 5
    29         min-idle: 1
    30         max-active: 20
    31         test-on-borrow: true
    32       slave: #product库的从库
    33         url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/product_slave?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useUnicode=true
    34         driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    35         username: root
    36         password: A1b2c3@def.com
    37         initial-size: 5
    38         min-idle: 1
    39         max-active: 20
    40         test-on-borrow: true
    复制代码

    上面的配置写法供参数,如果slave节点数要扩展,按这个格式,改造成slave1,slave2... 自行扩展。

    2、配置类如何设计?

     1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.config;
     2 
     3 /**
     4  * Created by jimmy on 6/18/17.
     5  */
     6 
     7 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.datasource.DbContextHolder;
     8 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.datasource.MasterSlaveRoutingDataSource;
     9 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    10 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
    11 import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
    12 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    13 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    14 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
    15 import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
    16 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
    17 
    18 import javax.sql.DataSource;
    19 import java.util.HashMap;
    20 import java.util.Map;
    21 
    22 
    23 @Configuration
    24 @EnableTransactionManagement
    25 public class DataSourceConfiguration {
    26 
    27     @Value("${druid.type}")
    28     private Class<? extends DataSource> dataSourceType;
    29 
    30     @Bean(name = "studyMasterDataSource")
    31     @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "druid.study.master")
    32     public DataSource studyMasterDataSource() {
    33         return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
    34     }
    35 
    36     @Bean(name = "studySlaveDataSource")
    37     @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "druid.study.slave")
    38     public DataSource studySlaveDataSource1() {
    39         return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
    40     }
    41 
    42     @Bean(name = "productMasterDataSource")
    43     @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "druid.product.master")
    44     public DataSource productMasterDataSource() {
    45         return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
    46     }
    47 
    48     @Bean(name = "productSlaveDataSource")
    49     @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "druid.product.slave")
    50     public DataSource productSlaveDataSource1() {
    51         return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
    52     }
    53 
    54     @Bean(name = "dataSource")
    55     @Primary
    56     public AbstractRoutingDataSource dataSource() {
    57         MasterSlaveRoutingDataSource proxy = new MasterSlaveRoutingDataSource();
    58         Map<Object, Object> targetDataResources = new HashMap<>();
    59         targetDataResources.put(DbContextHolder.DbType.PRODUCT_MASTER, productMasterDataSource());
    60         targetDataResources.put(DbContextHolder.DbType.PRODUCT_SLAVE, productSlaveDataSource1());
    61         targetDataResources.put(DbContextHolder.DbType.STUDY_MASTER, studyMasterDataSource());
    62         targetDataResources.put(DbContextHolder.DbType.STUDY_SLAVE, studySlaveDataSource1());
    63         proxy.setDefaultTargetDataSource(productMasterDataSource());
    64         proxy.setTargetDataSources(targetDataResources);
    65         proxy.afterPropertiesSet();
    66         return proxy;
    67     }
    68 
    69 }
    View Code

    参考这个,一看就明,不说多(注:@Primary一定要在动态数据源上,否则事务回滚无效!)

    3、根据什么来切换db?

    有很多选择,

    a、用约定的方法前缀,比如:get/query/list开头的约定为读从库,其它为主库,但是这样还要考虑不同业务库的切换(即:何时切换到product库,何时切换到order库,可以再用不同的Scanner来处理,略复杂)

    b、用自定义注解来处理,比如 @ProductMaster注解,表示切换到product的master库,这样同时把业务库,以及主还是从,一次性解决了,推荐这种。

    这里,我定义了4个注解,代表product,study二个库的主及从。

    4、aop在哪里拦截,如何拦截?

    service层和mapper层都可以拦截,推荐在服务层拦截,否则如果一个业务方法里,即有读又有写,还得考虑如果遇到事务,要考虑的东西更多。

    当然,如果拦截特定的注解,就不用过多考虑在哪个层,只认注解就行(当然,注解还是建议打在服务层上)。

    dubbo-starter的一个小坑:spring boot中,只有managed bean才能用aop拦截,而dubbo-starter中的@service注解不是spring中的注解(是阿里package下的自定义注解),生成的service provider实例,aop拦截不到,解决办法,再加一个注解让spring认识它,参考:

    Aop拦截类的参考代码如下:

      1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.aspect;
      2 
      3 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.annotation.ProductMaster;
      4 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.annotation.ProductSlave;
      5 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.annotation.StudyMaster;
      6 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.annotation.StudySlave;
      7 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.datasource.DbContextHolder;
      8 import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
      9 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
     10 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
     11 import org.slf4j.Logger;
     12 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
     13 import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
     14 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     15 
     16 
     17 @Aspect
     18 @Component
     19 public class MasterSlaveAspect implements Ordered {
     20 
     21     public static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MasterSlaveAspect.class);
     22 
     23 
     24     /**
     25      * 切换到product主库
     26      *
     27      * @param proceedingJoinPoint
     28      * @param productMaster
     29      * @return
     30      * @throws Throwable
     31      */
     32     @Around("@annotation(productMaster)")
     33     public Object proceed(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint, ProductMaster productMaster) throws Throwable {
     34         try {
     35             logger.info("set database connection to product-master only");
     36             DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbContextHolder.DbType.PRODUCT_MASTER);
     37             Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
     38             return result;
     39         } finally {
     40             DbContextHolder.clearDbType();
     41             logger.info("restore database connection");
     42         }
     43     }
     44 
     45 
     46     /**
     47      * 切换到product从库
     48      *
     49      * @param proceedingJoinPoint
     50      * @param productSlave
     51      * @return
     52      * @throws Throwable
     53      */
     54     @Around("@annotation(productSlave)")
     55     public Object proceed(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint, ProductSlave productSlave) throws Throwable {
     56         try {
     57             logger.info("set database connection to product-slave only");
     58             DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbContextHolder.DbType.PRODUCT_SLAVE);
     59             Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
     60             return result;
     61         } finally {
     62             DbContextHolder.clearDbType();
     63             logger.info("restore database connection");
     64         }
     65     }
     66 
     67     /**
     68      * 切换到study主库
     69      *
     70      * @param proceedingJoinPoint
     71      * @param studyMaster
     72      * @return
     73      * @throws Throwable
     74      */
     75     @Around("@annotation(studyMaster)")
     76     public Object proceed(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint, StudyMaster studyMaster) throws Throwable {
     77         try {
     78             logger.info("set database connection to study-master only");
     79             DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbContextHolder.DbType.STUDY_MASTER);
     80             Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
     81             return result;
     82         } finally {
     83             DbContextHolder.clearDbType();
     84             logger.info("restore database connection");
     85         }
     86     }
     87 
     88     /**
     89      * 切换到study从库
     90      *
     91      * @param proceedingJoinPoint
     92      * @param studySlave
     93      * @return
     94      * @throws Throwable
     95      */
     96     @Around("@annotation(studySlave)")
     97     public Object proceed(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint, StudySlave studySlave) throws Throwable {
     98         try {
     99             logger.info("set database connection to study-slave only");
    100             DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbContextHolder.DbType.STUDY_SLAVE);
    101             Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
    102             return result;
    103         } finally {
    104             DbContextHolder.clearDbType();
    105             logger.info("restore database connection");
    106         }
    107     }
    108 
    109     @Override
    110     public int getOrder() {
    111         return 0;
    112     }
    113 }
    View Code

    5、其它事项

    启用类上,一定要排除spring-boot自带的datasource配置,即:

    1 @SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
    2 @EnableAspectJAutoProxy
    3 @ComponentScan("com.cnblogs.yjmyzz")
    4 @MapperScan(basePackages = "com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao.mapper")
    5 public class ServiceProvider {
    6     public static void main(String[] args) {
    7         SpringApplication.run(ServiceProvider.class, args);
    8     }
    9 }
    View Code

    第1行:@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})

    6、日志中如何输出格式化且带参数值的sql?

    一般的sql输出是这样的:

    我们可以把它变成下面这样:

    是不是更友好!

    方法:加一个mybtais的拦截器即可

    这里面还用了hibernate的一个小工具,用于格式化sql

    接下来,把这个拦截器配置在mybatis-config.xml里

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
     3         "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
     4 <configuration>
     5     <settings>
     6         <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
     7     </settings>
     8 
     9     <plugins>
    10         <plugin interceptor="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.interceptor.MybatisInterceptor">
    11         </plugin>
    12     </plugins>
    13 
    14 </configuration>
    View Code

    最后在application.yml里指定mybatis-config.xml所在的路径:

    示例源码见:https://github.com/yjmyzz/spring-boot-dubbo-demo (dubbox2.8.5-multi-ds分支)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/8250888.html
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