行转列，列转行

--==================   行转列  ====================================================

 DROP table #student

 CREATE TABLE #student (stdname nvarchar(10),stdsubject nvarchar(10),result int)

 INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('张三','语文',80)

 INSERT INTO #student values ('张三','数学',90)

 INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('张三','物理',85)

 INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('李四','语文',85)

 INSERT INTO #student values ('李四','数学',92)

 INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('李四','物理',82)

 INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('李四','化学',82)

------ 行

 SELECT * FROM #student

 

------ 列 

  select stdname,

  isnull(sum(case stdsubject when '化学' then Result end),0) [化学],

  isnull(sum(case stdsubject when '数学' then Result end),0) [数学],

  isnull(sum(case stdsubject when '物理' then Result end),0) [物理],

  isnull(sum(case stdsubject when '语文' then Result end),0) [语文] 

  from #student 

  group by stdname

 --重构

 declare @sql varchar(1000)

 set @sql='Select stdname, '

 select @sql=@sql+' sum(case when stdsubject='''+stdsubject+''' 

 then result else 0 end) as ['+stdsubject+'],'

 from (select distinct stdsubject from #student)Temp

 set @sql=LEFT(@sql,len(@sql)-1)+' from #student Group by stdname'

 print @sql

 exec(@sql)

--==================   列转行  ====================================================

 DROP table #student2

 CREATE TABLE #student2 (stdname nvarchar(10),化学 int,数学 int,物理 int ,语文 int )

 INSERT INTO #student2 VALUES ('李四',82,92,82,85)

 INSERT INTO #student2 VALUES ('张三',0,90,85,80)

--列

 SELECT * FROM #student2 

 

--行

 SELECT'李四'as stdname,stdname='化学', 化学 as result from #student2 where stdname='李四'

 union all

 SELECT'李四'as stdname,stdname='数学', 数学 as result from #student2 where stdname='李四'

 union all

 SELECT'李四'as stdname,stdname='物理', 物理 as result from #student2 where stdname='李四'

 union all

 SELECT'李四'as stdname,stdname='语文', 语文 as result from #student2 where stdname='李四' 

 union all 

 SELECT'张三'as stdname,stdname='化学', 化学 as result from #student2 where stdname='张三'

 union all

 SELECT'张三'as stdname,stdname='数学', 数学 as result from #student2 where stdname='张三'

 union all

 SELECT'张三'as stdname,stdname='物理', 物理 as result from #student2 where stdname='张三'

 union all

 SELECT'张三'as stdname,stdname='语文', 语文 as result from #student2 where stdname='张三' 

 

 --重构

 select [name] into #tmpCloumns

 from tempdb.dbo.syscolumns

 where id=object_id('tempdb.dbo.#student2')

and [name]<>'stdname'

--select *  from #tmpCloumns

declare @strSql nvarchar(800)

select @strSql=''

select @strSql=@strSql+'union all'+char(10)+char(13)+

'select [stdname],'''+[name]+''' as [科目],['+[name]+']'+char(10)+char(13)+

'from [#student2]'+char(10)+char(13)

from #tmpCloumns

select @strSql=substring(@strSql,11,len(@strSql))+'order by stdname,[科目]'

print @strSql

exec(@strsql) 

--==================   行转列  ====================================================
DROP table #student 

CREATE TABLE #student (stdname nvarchar(10),stdsubject nvarchar(10),result int)
INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('张三','语文',80)
INSERT INTO #student values ('张三','数学',90)

INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('张三','物理',85)
INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('李四','语文',85)

INSERT INTO #student values ('李四','数学',92)
INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('李四','物理',82)
INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('李四','化学',82)

------ 行
SELECT * FROM #student 

------ 列   
select stdname,  isnull(sum(case stdsubject when '化学' then Result end),0) [化学],  isnull(sum(case stdsubject when '数学' then Result end),0) [数学],  isnull(sum(case stdsubject when '物理' then Result end),0) [物理],  isnull(sum(case stdsubject when '语文' then Result end),0) [语文]   from #student   group by stdname

--重构
declare @sql varchar(1000)set @sql='Select stdname, '
select @sql=@sql+' sum(case when stdsubject='''+stdsubject+''' then result else 0 end) as ['+stdsubject+'],'from (select distinct stdsubject from #student)Temp
set @sql=LEFT(@sql,len(@sql)-1)+' from #student Group by stdname'
print @sqlexec(@sql)
--==================   列转行  ==================================================== 
DROP table #student2 
CREATE TABLE #student2 (stdname nvarchar(10),化学 int,数学 int,物理 int ,语文 int ) 
INSERT INTO #student2 VALUES ('李四',82,92,82,85) INSERT INTO #student2 VALUES ('张三',0,90,85,80)

--列 
SELECT * FROM #student2  

--行
SELECT'李四'as stdname,stdname='化学', 化学 as result from #student2 where stdname='李四'
union all SELECT'李四'as stdname,stdname='数学', 数学 as result from #student2 where stdname='李四'
union all SELECT'李四'as stdname,stdname='物理', 物理 as result from #student2 where stdname='李四'
union all SELECT'李四'as stdname,stdname='语文', 语文 as result from #student2 where stdname='李四' 
union all SELECT'张三'as stdname,stdname='化学', 化学 as result from #student2 where stdname='张三'
union all SELECT'张三'as stdname,stdname='数学', 数学 as result from #student2 where stdname='张三'
union all SELECT'张三'as stdname,stdname='物理', 物理 as result from #student2 where stdname='张三'
union all SELECT'张三'as stdname,stdname='语文', 语文 as result from #student2 where stdname='张三' 

--重构
select [name] into #tmpCloumnsfrom tempdb.dbo.syscolumnswhere id=object_id('tempdb.dbo.#student2')and [name]<>'stdname'
--select *  from #tmpCloumns
declare @strSql nvarchar(800)select @strSql=''select @strSql=@strSql+'union all'+char(10)+char(13)+'select [stdname],'''+[name]+''' as [科目],['+[name]+']'+char(10)+char(13)+'from [#student2]'+char(10)+char(13)from #tmpCloumns
select @strSql=substring(@strSql,11,len(@strSql))+'order by stdname,[科目]'print @strSqlexec(@strsql)