Dubbo作为一个RPC框架，其最核心的功能就是要实现跨网络的远程调用。这次创建两个应用，一个作为服务的提供方，一个作为服务的消费方。通过Dubbo来实现服务消费方远程调用服务提供方的方法。
服务提供方
1 创建maven工程（打包方式为war）dubbodemo_provider，在pom.xml文件中导入如下坐标
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <spring.version>5.0.5.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- dubbo相关 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId> <version>2.6.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId> <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId> <version>3.4.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId> <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId> <version>0.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javassist</groupId> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> <version>3.12.1.GA</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.47</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <!-- 指定端口 --> <port>8081</port> <!-- 请求路径 --> <path>/</path> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
2 配置web.xml文件
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> </web-app>
3 创建服务接口
package com.juanxincai.service; public interface HelloService { public String sayHello(String name); }
4 创建服务实现类
package com.juanxincai.service.impl; import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service; import com.juanxincai.service.HelloService; @Service public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService { public String sayHello(String name) { return "hello " + name; } }
注意：服务实现类上使用的Service注解是Dubbo提供的，用于对外发布服务
5 在src/main/resources下创建applicationContext-service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 当前应用名称，用于注册中心计算应用间依赖关系，注意：消费者和提供者应用名不要一样 --> <dubbo:application name="dubbodemo_provider" /> <!-- 连接服务注册中心zookeeper ip为zookeeper所在服务器的ip地址--> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.134.129:2181"/> <!-- 注册 协议和port 端口默认是20880 --> <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20881"></dubbo:protocol> <!-- 扫描指定包，加入@Service注解的类会被发布为服务 --> <dubbo:annotation package="com.juanxincai.service.impl" /> </beans>
6 启动服务
tomcat7:run
消费方开发
1 创建maven工程（打包方式为war）dubbodemo_consumer，pom.xml配置和上面服务提供者相同，只需要将Tomcat插件的端口号改为8082即可
2 配置web.xml文件
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 指定加载的配置文件 ，通过参数contextConfigLocation加载 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext-web.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
3 将服务提供者工程中的HelloService接口复制到当前工程
4 编写Controller
package com.juanxincai.controller; import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference; import com.juanxincai.service.HelloService; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; @Controller @RequestMapping("/demo") public class HelloController { @Reference private HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping("/hello") @ResponseBody public String getName(String name){ //远程调用 String result = helloService.sayHello(name); System.out.println(result); return result; } }
注意：Controller中注入HelloService使用的是Dubbo提供的@Reference注解
5 在src/main/resources下创建applicationContext-web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 当前应用名称，用于注册中心计算应用间依赖关系，注意：消费者和提供者应用名不要一样 --> <dubbo:application name="dubbodemo-consumer" /> <!-- 连接服务注册中心zookeeper ip为zookeeper所在服务器的ip地址--> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.134.129:2181"/> <!-- 扫描的方式暴露接口 --> <dubbo:annotation package="com.juanxincai.controller" /> </beans>
6 运行测试
答：这种做法显然是不好的，同一个接口被复制了两份，不利于后期维护。更好的方式是单独创建一个maven工程，将此接口创建在这个maven工程中。需要依赖此接口的工程只需要在自己工程的pom.xml文件中引入maven坐标即可。
思考二：在服务消费者工程(dubbodemo_consumer)中只是引用了HelloService接口，并没有提供实现类，Dubbo是如何做到远程调用的？
答：Dubbo底层是基于代理技术为HelloService接口创建代理对象，远程调用是通过此代理对象完成的。可以通过开发工具的debug功能查看此代理对象的内部结构。另外，Dubbo实现网络传输底层是基于Netty框架完成的。
思考三：上面的Dubbo入门案例中我们使用Zookeeper作为服务注册中心，服务提供者需要将自己的服务信息注册到Zookeeper，服务消费者需要从Zookeeper订阅自己所需要的服务，此时Zookeeper服务就变得非常重要了，那如何防止Zookeeper单点故障呢？
答：Zookeeper其实是支持集群模式的，可以配置Zookeeper集群来达到Zookeeper服务的高可用，防止出现单点故障。