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  • Android 4学习(6):概述

    参考:《Professional Android 4 Application Development

    深入了解Android Activity

    每一个Android Activity都对应于一个用户界面(UI)。每个Android Application都有一个main Activity,而这个main Activity大多由多个Fragment组成,而这些Fragment后面往往都由一个或多个secondary Activity支持。当用户在不同的界面(窗口)切换时,Android会生成对应的新Activity

    创建Activity

    Android提供了Activity类,在编写自己的Activity时,程序员需要继承Activity并重载里面的方法。例如:

    package cn.jubincn.activities;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    
    public class MyActivity extends Activity {
        /** Called when the activity is first created. */
        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        }
    }   

     

    空白的Activity对应的是一个空白屏幕,因此我们需要添加FragmentLayoutViewUI元素来定制自己的Activity。大部分Activity会占据整个屏幕,除此之外,还有一些半透明的Activity和浮动的Activity


    Android应用程序中,用户交互界面和数据的显示是由View来提供的。Android中的layout类,也叫ViewGroup,可以将View打包进行管理。Fragment则用来组织界面元素,从而更方便地适配不同的界面。Activity设置界面的方法有两种,一种是创建View类,将其设置到Activity中;另一种是将layout文件设置到Activity中,然后Inflate对应的Activity

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        TextView textView = new TextView(this);
        setContentView(textView);
    }
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
    }
    <activity android:label="@string/app_name" android:name=".MyActivity">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

    Activity生命周期

    Activity的生命周期可以决定Process的优先级,并且Activity需要对生命周期事件进行适当地响应才能提供更好的用户体验。

    Activity Stacks

    Activity的状态决定于它在Activity Stack中的位置。Activity Stack遵循Stack的“先进后出”的规则:当一个Activity刚被创建时,它会移到栈顶;若用户点击go back按钮,或关闭当

    Activity时,栈顶的Activity会被弹出,第二个Activity成为新的栈顶Activity

    Activity State

    Activity的生命周期中,有这几种状态:

    • Active:在栈顶的Activity,具有最高的优先级,Android会竭力满足它对资源的需求。当其他Activity变为Active状态时,此Activity的状态会变为Paused
    • Paused:处于这个状态的Activity的部分或全部对用户可见,但无法接受用户的输入。
    • Stopped:当Activity对用户不可见时,它将转为Stopped状态。此时尽管Activity仍会保留在内存中,但当系统资源紧张时,它会被回收掉。
    • Inactive:Activity在启动之前,或被kill之后,处于Inactive状态。

    监听并响应Activity State的变化

    Activity需要在State发生变化时作出相应的反应,为此AndroidActivity的生命周期事件提供了很多相关的ActionHandler,下图展示了Activity的几个生命周期:

    对应的代码:

    package cn.jubincn.activities;
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    public class MyStateChangeActivity extends Activity {
      // Called at the start of the full lifetime.
      @Override
      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      // Initialize Activity and inflate the UI.
      }
      // Called after onCreate has finished, use to restore UI state
      @Override
      public void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
        // Restore UI state from the savedInstanceState.
        // This bundle has also been passed to onCreate. Will only be called if the Activity has been killed by the system since it was last visible.
      }
      // Called before subsequent visible lifetimes for an Activity process.
      @Override
      public void onRestart(){
        super.onRestart();
        // Load changes knowing that the Activity has already been visible within this process.
      }
      // Called at the start of the visible lifetime.
      @Override
      public void onStart(){
        super.onStart();
      // Apply any required UI change now that the Activity is visible.
      }
      // Called at the start of the active lifetime.
      @Override
      public void onResume(){
        super.onResume();
        // Resume any paused UI updates, threads, or processes required
        // by the Activity but suspended when it was inactive.
      }
      // Called to save UI state changes at the end of the active lifecycle.
      @Override
      public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Save UI state changes to the savedInstanceState.
        // This bundle will be passed to onCreate and onRestoreInstanceState if the process is killed and restarted by the run time.
        super.onSaveInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
      }
      // Called at the end of the active lifetime.
      @Override
      public void onPause(){
        // Suspend UI updates, threads, or CPU intensive processes that don’t need to be updated when the Activity isn't the active foreground Activity.
        super.onPause();
      }
      // Called at the end of the visible lifetime.
      @Override
      public void onStop(){
        // Suspend remaining UI updates, threads, or processing that aren’t required when the Activity isn’t visible.
        // Persist all edits or state changes as after this call the process is likely to be killed.
        super.onStop();
      }
      // Sometimes called at the end of the full lifetime.
      @Override
      public void onDestroy(){
        // Clean up any resources including ending threads, closing database connections etc.
        super.onDestroy();
      }
    }

     

     



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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jubincn/p/3381081.html
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